도산절차에서의 임금채권보장과 대지급금 회수 -프랑스 AGS의 임금채권보장시스템의 현황을 중심으로-

이지은 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學論叢 Vol.57 No.-

근로자의 생활안정과 고용관계의 특수성을 고려할 때 체불임금의 변제에 있어서 임금채권의 보호는 반드시 필요하다. 사업주의 경영상황이 어려워져 도산절차가 개시될 때는 다수의 근로자의 임금이 체불될 우려가 있는데, 이 때 사용자의 채권자와도 경쟁관계에 있게 되므로 통상의 경우보다 더 강력한 보장제도를 강구할 필요가 있다. 우리나라의 임금채권보장제도와 유사하게, 프랑스에서는 체불임금 채권의 변제를 위한 민사적 구제수단 외에도 AGS(임금채권보장제도관리협회)를 통한 체불임금선지급제도를 두고 있다. 이 논문에서는 현행 임금채권보장제도의 기금운용에 있어 대지급금의 안정적 회수방안을 모색하기 위해 프랑스의 AGS의 체불임금 선지급 과정과 그 회수 절차를 중심으로 나타난 문제점 및 해결방안을 검토하였다. 우리나라의 상황과 유사하게 프랑스에서도 AGS의 선지급금의 회수율이 낮은 것에 대해 문제가 제기되고 있다. 프랑스 임금채권보장제도의 구조와 현황이 우리에게 시사하는 바는, 무엇보다 AGS의 개입 시스템에서 나타나는 절차적 엄격성과 구체적 기준이라고 생각된다. 첫째, 프랑스의 도산절차 중 구제절차는 아직 채무초과 상태에 이르지 않은 기업을 상대로 개시되는 것인데, 회생절차나 청산절차의 개시와 달리 보장의 범위는 근로계약 파기로 인한 손해배상액에 한한다. 그리고 회생절차에서는 아직 기업의 회생가능성이 있으므로 관찰기간 중의 임금채권은 보장범위에서 제외하고 있다. 이처럼 절차의 목적과 근로자가 처한 상황을 반영하여 임금채권의 보장범위를 달리 하는 것이 제도의 취지에 맞는 운용에 더 유리하다고 할 것이다. 둘째, AGS의 대지급 절차에서는 기금의 운용과 지급이 이원화되어 있다. 기금은 AGS에서 관리하지만 AGS 기금의 신청과 지급은 법원에서 임명한 관재인을 통해 이루어진다. 이는 최근 우리나라의 대지급금절차 간소화 경향과 대조적이다. 프랑스에서 관재인(mandataire judiciaire)을 통한 신청 및 지급이라는 엄격한 요건에도 불구하고 근로자의 대지급금 수령이 신속하게 이루어지고 있다는 사실, 그리고 프랑스의 선지급금 회수 대책에서도 법원과 관재인의 역할은 상당한 비중을 차지한다는 사실에 주목할 필요가 있다. The protection of wage bonds is essential in the repayment of unpaid wages. When bankruptcy proceedings begin due to the difficulty of the employer, there is a risk that the wages of a large number of workers will be overdue, and a stronger guarantee system than usual needs to be devised. Similar to Korea's wage bond guarantee system, France has a wage bond guarantee system through AGS to repay overdue wage bonds to stabilize workers' lives. In this paper, a stable recovery plan for payments in the current wage bond guarantee system was sought. Similar to the situation in Korea, problems have been raised in France about the low recovery rate of AGS' advance payments. What the structure and status of the French wage bond guarantee system suggest to us is, above all, the procedural rigor and specific standards that appear in the AGS' intervention system. First, the relief procedure among French bankruptcy procedures is initiated against companies that have not yet reached a suspension of payment, and unlike the initiation of rehabilitation or liquidation procedures, the scope of the guarantee is limited to the amount of damages caused by the destruction of the labor contract. In addition, in the rehabilitation procedure, there is still a possibility of corporate rehabilitation, so wage bonds during the observation period are excluded from the scope of coverage. In this way, it is more advantageous to operate in accordance with the purpose of the system to change the coverage of wage bonds by reflecting the purpose of the procedure and the situation in which workers face. Second, in the AGS' payment procedure, the operation and payment of the fund are dualized. The commencement of procedures and the appointment of a trustee shall be made in the Commercial Court. The application and payment of the AGS Fund must be made through the trustee. This is in contrast to Korea's recent trend of simplifying payment procedures. It is important that despite the strict requirements of application and payment through trustee in France, workers' receipt of repayments is being made quickly, and that the role of courts and trustee accounts for a significant portion of France's pre-payment recovery plan.

가토 상악동 점막 거상 후 DBBP를 이식재로 사용시 BMP4, BMP6의 발현

이현석,허현아,표성운,이원,Lee, Hyun-Suk,Heo, Hyun-A,Pyo, Sung-Woon,Lee, Won 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2007 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.29 No.6

이 실험은 이식재로 Deproteinated Bovine Bone Powder (DBBP)를 사용하였을 때와 골 이식재를 사용하지 않고 단순히 Absorbable Gelatin Sponge(AGS)만을 사용하였을 때의 BMP4와 BMP6의 상대적인 발현량을 real-time RT-PCR을 이용하여 비교해 보기 위한 것으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. BMP4의 경우 처음 1일째와 3일째의 경우 DBBP군과 AGS군 모두 일정하게 증가하였으나 5일째 AGS군에서 감소하다가 7일째 다시 증가하였으며 9일째 다시 감소하였다. DBBP군에서는 7일까지 계속하여 증가하다가 9일째 감소하였다. DBBP군이 AGS군에 비해 발현의 양이 많은 경우가 많았지만 유의성은 없었다 (p>0.05). 2 BMP6의 경우 처음 1일째와 3일째의 경우 DBBP군과 AGS군 모두 일정하게 증가하였으나 5일째 AGS군에서 감소하다가 7일째 다시 증가하였으며 9일째 다시 감소하였다. DBBP군에서는 7일까지 계속하여 증가하다가 9일째 감소하였다. AGS군이 DBBP군에 비해 발현의 양이 많은 경우가 많았지만 유의성은 없었다 (p>0.05). 3. 두 군간에 동일시기에 BMP발현이 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않는 것은 DBBP와 AGS 모두 space retainer로서 작용을 하여 혈병중의 BMP발현의 양상이 비슷하기 때문으로 여겨진다. 4. 따라서 DBBP가 AGS에 비해 초기 골재생에 크게 유리한 점은 없는 것으로 여겨지며 초기 골 형성에서 BMP의 발현은 이식재의 종류가 아니라 물리적인 carrier로서의 작용이 더 중요한 것으로 여겨진다. The most important factor for successful implantation is osseointegration between the implant and bone. The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inducing bone formation would differ after maxillary sinus elevation. And within the same graft material. the expression of BMPs would change with time after graft. The aim of this study was to compare the relative expressions of BMP4 and BMP6 using real-time RT-PCR when maxillary sinus elevation was performed using deproteinated bovine bone powder (DBBP) as the graft material or absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) as the filler without any graft material. Fifteen rabbits, each weighing between 3.0 to 3.5 Kg, were divided randomly into 5 groups of 3 animals each based on their time of sacrifice 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days). After exposure of the maxillary sinus bilaterally, bone graft was performed in the right maxillary sinus using DBBP ($BBP^{(R)}$ Oct Inc., Cheonan, Korea) and only AGS ($Gelfoam^{(R)}$ Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI, U.S.A) was placed into the left without any graft material. Each group of rabbits was sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 days after operation and all specimens were harvested. And the following results were obtained using real-time RT-PCR from isolated total RNA of the samples. 1. The expression of BMP4 increased at postoperative 1 and 3 days in both DBBP group and AGS group. In AGS group. it decreased at postoperative 5 days. increased again at postoperative 7 days, and decreased at postoperative 9 days. In DBBP group, it increased until postoperative 7 days and decreased at postoperative 9 days. Although the expression of BMP4 was higher in DBBP group compared with AGS group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). 2. The expression of BMP6 increased at postoperative 1 and 3 days in both DBBP group and AGS group. In AGS group, it decreased at postoperative 5 days, increased again at postoperative 7 days, and decreased at postoperative 9 days. In DBBP group, it increased until postoperative 7 days and decreased at postoperative 9 days. Although the expression of BMP6 was higher in AGS group compared with DBBP group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference in BMP expression in both groups during same period of time. It' s probably because DBBP and AGS both functioned as a space retainer so that the BMP expression in blood clot seemed to be similar. 4. Thus, DBBP would not offer many benefits for early bone regeneration compared with AGS. The expression of BMP in early bone formation seems to be more influenced by physical carrier rather than the graft type.

An aerobic granular sludge process for treating low carbon/nitrogen ratio sewage

JaeBin Yae,JaeHoon Ryu,Nguyen Van Tuyen,HyunGu Kim,SeongWan Hong,DaeHee Ahn 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.2

This study investigated the characteristic of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process to treat the sewage having low carbon/nitrogen ratio (Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5):Total nitrogen (T-N), 4.5:1) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The removal efficiency of BOD5, suspended solid (SS), T-N and phosphorus (PO₄<SUP>3-</SUP>-P) were 92.6%, 64.3% and 90.1%. Concentration and size of AGS were changed in proportion to the organic matters and nitrogen concentration of the influent (Concentration and size of AGS: 1,700-3,000 mg/L, 0.5-1.0 mm). Mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) also changed with the concentration of AGS (MLSS: 2,000-3,500 mg/L). When the settling time was shortened from 15 min to 10 min, size and shape of AGS were maintained (Size of AGS: 1.0-1.5 mm). In addition, the concentration of AGS and MLSS increased (Concentration of AGS: 3,500 mg/L, MLSS: 4,000 mg/L). Concentration, size and shape of AGS were affected the settling time of the reactor more than the concentration of organic matter and nitrogen in the influent. In the results of removal efficiency and changes in AGS, we confirmed that the SBR process using AGS can be used to treat the sewage having low carbon/nitrogen ratio by applying short settling time.

호기성 그래뉼 슬러지를 이용한 하수고도처리기술(AGS-SBR)

최한나 ( Han Na Choi ),모우종 ( Woo Jong Mo ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2021 한국물환경학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) can be classified as a type of self-immobilized microbial aggregates measuring more than 0.2 mm. It offers the option to simultaneously remove COD, N, and P that occur in different zones inside a granule. Also, AGS is characterized by high precipitability, treatability with high organic loading, and high tolerance to low temperature. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor inoculated with AGS (AGS-SBR) is a new advanced wastewater treatment process that was proven to grow AGS with integrated nutrient removal and low C/N ratio. A pilot plant, AGS-SBR with a capacity of 225 m³/d was installed at an S sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. The results of the operation showed that the water quality of the effluent indicated that the value of BOD5 was 1.5 mg/L, CODMn was 11.4 mg/L, SS was 6.2 mg/L, T-N was 13.2 mg/L, and T-P was 0.197 mg/L, and all of these values reliably satisfied an effluent standard (I Area). In winter, the T-N treatment efficiency at a lower temperature of less than 11℃ also showed reliability to meet the effluent standard of the I Area (20 mg/L or less). Analysis of microbial community in AGS showed a higher preponderance of beneficial microorganisms involved in denitrification and phosphorus accumulation compared with activated sludge. The power consumption and sludge disposal cost were reduced by 34.7% and 54.9%, respectively, compared to the domestic SBR type sewage treatment plant with a processing capacity of 1,000 m³/d or less.

인간 암세포인 AGS와 T24에서의 apoptosis 유도에 미치는 Bacillus subtilis 혈전용해효소 BK-17의 영향

백현(Hyun Baik),서민정(Min Jeong Seo),김민정(Min Jeong Kim),이혜현(Hye Hyeon Lee),강병원(Byoung Won Kang),박정욱(Jeong Uck Park),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi),서권일(Kwon Il Seo),정영기(Yong Kee Jeong) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.10

인간 암세포의 생육에 미치는 혈전용해효소(BK-1)의 영향을 조사하기 위해, 세포증식, 생존력, 형태변화 및 apoptosis 유도 등을 포함한 여러 가지 생화학적 실험을 하였다. 그 결과, AGS 인간 위장 암세포 및 T24 인간 방광 암세포상에의 BK-17 처리는 그 암세포들의 생존력 및 생율을 농도의존적 방법으로 감소시켰다. 현미경 관찰은, BK-17 처리에 의한 항 생육 효과는 막 수축, 세포의 rounding up, apoptotic bodies와 같은 형태학적 변화를 나타내었다. 특히, RT-PCR과 Western blotting data는, BK-17 처리가 항 apoptosis Bcl-2 군들 특히 Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL의 down-regulation 그리고 AGS 세포에서, apoptosis 촉진 매개체 Bax와 Bad의 up-regulation를 유도했다는 것을 보여주었다. BK-17에 의해 유도된 AGS 세포의 apoptosis는 caspase-3, caspase-8 그리고 caspase-9의 단백질가수분해 활성과 관련이 있었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, BK-17은 apoptotic cell death의 유도와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. To investigate the effects of a fibrinolytic enzyme, BK-17, on the growth of human cancer cells, we performed various biochemical experiments, including cell proliferation and viability, and investigated subsequent morphological changes and apoptosis induction. BK-17 treatment of AGS human gastric and T24 human bladder carcinoma cells decreased the viability and the proliferation of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Microscopic studies indicated that the antiproliferative effects of the BK-17 treatment were associated with morphological changes, such as membrane shrinking, cell rounding up, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, indicating that BK-17 induced apoptosis in the cell lines. Of note, RT-PCR and Western blotting data indicated that the BK-17 treatment induced the down-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and the up-regulation of proapoptotic Bax members, Bax and Bad, in the AGS cells. BK-17-induced apoptosis of AGS cells was involved in the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Taken together, these findings suggest that BK-17 is associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death.

Poncirin Induces Apoptosis in AGS Human Gastric Cancer Cells through Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway by up-Regulation of Fas Ligand

Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma, Venu,Nagappan, Arulkumar,Hong, Gyeong Eun,Lee, Ho Jeong,Yumnam, Silvia,Raha, Suchismita,Heo, Jeong Doo,Lee, Sang Joon,Lee, Won Sup,Kim, Eun Hee,Kim, Gon Sup MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.9

<P>Poncirin, a natural bitter flavanone glycoside abundantly present in many species of citrus fruits, has various biological benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The anti-cancer mechanism of Poncirin remains elusive to date. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of Poncirin in AGS human gastric cancer cells (gastric adenocarcinoma). The results revealed that Poncirin could inhibit the proliferation of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was observed Poncirin induced accumulation of sub-G1 DNA content, apoptotic cell population, apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner in AGS cells. The expression of Fas Ligand (FasL) protein was up-regulated dose dependently in Poncirin-treated AGS cells Moreover, Poncirin in AGS cells induced activation of Caspase-8 and -3, and subsequent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Inhibitor studies’ results confirm that the induction of caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in Poncirin-treated AGS cells was led by the Fas death receptor. Interestingly, Poncirin did not show any effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-xL) in AGS-treated cells followed by no activation in the mitochondrial apoptotic protein caspase-9. This result suggests that the mitochondrial-mediated pathway is not involved in Poncirin-induced cell death in gastric cancer. These findings suggest that Poncirin has a potential anti-cancer effect via extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis, possibly making it a strong therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.</P>

여지초의 in vitro항암효과 및 면역세포 활성화에 미치는 영향

배만종,예은주,김수정,김재명,이성태,박은미,Bae, Man-Jong,Ye, Eung-Ju,Kim, Soo-Jung,Kim, Jae-Myoung,Yee, Sung-Tae,Park, Eun-Mi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 여지초의 cell line상에서의 항암효과(in vitro) 및 면역세포 활성화에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 인체유래 위암세포주인 AGS의 형태변화는 여지초 물과 60% 에탄을 추출물 처리 시 농도에 비례하여 세포의 밀도가 감소하였고 세포의 원형화나 손실이 증가하였다. 암세포 주의 증식에 미치는 영향은 AGS의 경우 농도에 비례하여 암세포 증식 억제율이 나타났으며, 물 추출물 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 43.3%, $3,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 69.7%, 60% 에탄을 추출물 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 37.3%, $3,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 75.8%의 억제율을 나타내었다. 여지초 추출물이 비장세포 증식에 미치는 영향은 여지초 물 추출물은 $30{\mu}g/mL$, 60% 에탄을 추출물은 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 각각 25.0%와 43.2%의 증식반응 증가가 나타났으며, $300{\mu}g/mL$에서는 비장세포의 증식이 무처리 대조군에 비해 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 여지초 추출물이 비장세포의 사이토카인 생산에 미치는 영향은 IL-2의 경우 여지초 물 추출물 $1{\mu}g/mL$처리군에서 $20.75{\pm}3.54pg/mL$, 60% 에탄을 추출물은 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 처리군에서 $20.75{\pm}7.07pg/mL$로서 $15.75{\pm}7.07 pg/mL$인 무처리 대조군에 비해 모두 31.7%의 증가를 나타내었다 IL-6 분비량 또한 물 추출물 $1{\mu}g/mL$에서 $31.75{\pm}15.91 pg/mL$, 60% 에탄을 추출물 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 $14.25{\pm}1.77pg/mL$로서 무처리 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였다. 그리고 물과 60% 에탄을 추출물 모두 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 무처리 대조군에 비해 각각 69.6%, 25.3%의 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생산 증가를 유도하였다. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Plebeiae Herba (Salvia plebeia R. Br.) on the proliferation of AGS cell lines and the activation of splenocytes. In an anti-cancer test using AGS cells, water and ethanol extracts of Plebeiae Herba inhibited the growth of AGS cell lines and morphological changes were also observed in a dose-dependent manner. Water extract of Plebeiae Herba showed growth-inhibitory effect of 43.3% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ and 69.7% at $3,000{\mu}g/mL$. Ethanol extracts of Plebeiae Herba showed growth-inhibitory effect of approximately 37.3% for $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ and 75.8% for $3,000{\mu}g/mL$. The Plebeiae Herba induced the proliferation of spleen cells and increased interleukin (IL)-2, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. In conclusion, these results suggest that the Plebeiae Herba seems to have antiproliferationg effect against the AGS cell and acts as a potent immunomodulator.

호기성 그래뉼 슬러지를 이용한 연속 회분식 하수고도처리 공정의 Pilot Plant 운전특성

모우종(Woojong Mo),김한용(Hanyong Kim),최한나(Hanna Choi) 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회지 Vol.41 No.2

본 연구에서는 호기성 그래뉼 슬러지가 적용된 연속 회분식 하수고도처리 공정(AGS-SBR)의 운전 특성을 평가하고자 처리용량 225 m³/day의 Pilot plant를 경기도 S시 하수처리장에 설치하여 운영하였다. Pilot plant 운전기간 동안 F/M비(CODMn Kg/MLVSS Kg)는 0.02~0.24 범위였으며, BOD5, CODMn, SS, T-N, T-P의 제거효율은 각각 98.2%, 89.5%, 93.6%, 64.6%, 93.5%로 나타났다. 하수 수온이 11℃ 이하로 유입된 동절기에 질소제거효율이 저하되지 않았으나, MLVSS 농도 2,000 mg/L 이하, C/N비 2 이하에서 처리효율이 저하되는 경향을 보였다. 운전기간이 경과하면서 호기성 그래뉼 슬러지가 조밀해지고 커지는 것이 관측되었으며 폭기조내 MLSS중 AGS 비율이 증가하고 SVI가 향상되었다. AGS의 미생물군집 분석 결과, 유기물 산화 미생물을 비롯하여 질산화 및 탈질에 관여하는 미생물이 다량 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 처리용량 1,000 m³/day 이하의 국내 SBR 계열 하수처리장과 비교시, 연간 슬러지 처리비용은 54.9%, 전력소비량은 34.7% 절감된 것으로 나타났다. In this study, a pilot plant with a capacity of 225 m³/d was installed and operated at the S sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do to assess the operational characteristics of the Aerobic Granualr Sludge - Sequencing Batch Reactor (AGS-SBR) Process. During the pilot plant operation, F/M ratio was in the range of 0.02 to 0.24 (CODMn Kg/MLVSS Kg) and the average removal efficiency of BOD5, CODMn, SS, T-N and T-P was 98.2%, 89.5%, 93.6%, 64.6%, and 93.5%, respectively. In winter, nitrogen was reliably removed at influent sewage temperatures below 11°C, but treatment efficiency tended to decrease at MLVSS concentrations below 2,000 mg/L and below C/N ratio 2. As operating period elapsed, it was observed that AGS was getting bigger and SVI was improved. As a result of microbial community analysis, it was confirmed that nitrification and denitrification microorganisms exist as well as heterotrophic microorganisms. The AGS-SBR operation results showed that the annual sludge disposal cost was reduced by 54.9% and the power consumption was reduced by 34.7% compared to the domestic SBR type sewage treatment plant with a processing capacity of 1,000 m³/day or less.

위벽세포에 대한 헬리코박터 파이로리의 부착 및 탈착에 관한 연구

구재경,최태부 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1999 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.24 No.-

H. pylori를 닭에 면역접종을 하여 생산된 난황 항체는 면역접종을 하지 않은 군에 비해 10배 이상의 H. pylori에 대한 특이항체가 생산되었다. 난황 항체를 λ-carrageenan을 이용하여 정제한 결과 약 70-75% 정도의 순도로 조정제되었다. H. pylori가 위 상피세포에 결합하는 현상이 H. pylori의 감염에 중요한 첫 단계라는 점에 착안하여 H. pylori의 위벽세포에 대한 결합의 특성을 조사하는 한편, 난황 항체 및 어려가지 부착억제후보물질을 이용하여 H. pylori의 부착 억제 및 탈착을 할 수 있는지에 대하여 실험하였다. 부착의 특성은 positive-cooperative한 결합을 하는 것으로 나타났으며 부착억제 실험의 결과, 0.5mg/ml의 난황 항체를 이용하였을 때 AGS에 대한 H. pylori의 부착을 90% 가량 저해하거나 AGS에 이미 부착된 H.pylori를 80%이상 탈착시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 난황 항체에 의한 H. pylori의 부착억제나 탈착은 균주에 따라 그 효과가 달라지므로 앞으로 이를 보완하는 실험이 필요하다. 부착억제 후보 물질의 탐색결과, GPI 및 dextran sulfate 등 몇 가지 유용한 후보 물질의 선별이 가능하였다. 하지만 앞서 기술한 바와 같이 H. pylori의 결합에 관계하는 receptors 및 molecules가 어떤 특정한 한가지가 아니라 여러 가지의 복합적인 물질이 관여 하는 것이기 때문에 여기에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. H. pylori known as a key pathogen for chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers. Egg yolk antibody, IgY produced from chicken immunized with H. pylori antigen was tested for the inhibition of adhesion of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cell, AGS, and for the detachment of H. pylori adhered to AGS in vitro. We also characterized the pattern of H. pylori adherence to AGS cell line, which was positive-cooperative interaction. In the adhesion inhibition and detachment study, the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion to AGS was as high as 90% using 0.5mg/ml of antibody only and detachment was also achieved almost 80%. Inhibitory effect of adhesion-inhibiting candidates was investigated, and GP1 and dextran sulfate was very effective. However, this effect was severely dependant on the H. pylori strains tested. Further studies are necessary to employ the egg yolk antibodies for the treatment of H. pylori in vivo.

AGS위암세포에서 AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β 신호경로를 통한 삼채추출물의 항암효과

박예슬,남건희,조경조,김상용,위지향,김영민 한국생물공학회 2018 KSBB Journal Vol.33 No.4

Allium hookeri is distributed across Asia and isknown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AMPK is activated by ATP consumption or nutrient deficiency. It plays an important role as an energy sensor andapoptosis regulator. Moreover, Akt plays an important role incell growth and division. It also regulates apoptosis-mediatedproteins such as p53 and GSK-3β. GSK-3β, which is involvedin growth metabolism, and various other transcription factorsdetermine the survival or death of an organism. We thereforeevaluated whether A. hookeri extract could inhibit cell proliferationand induce apoptosis through the AMPK/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway by performing MTT assay, western blotting,and Annexin V & Dead cell staining. MTT assay resultsrevealed that AHE could effectively inhibit the AGS gastriccancer cells in dose-dependent manner (90, 135, 180, 225μg/ml) but not that of fibroblast cells (90, 135, 180, 225μg/ml). In other words, its action was unique to stomach cancer cells. Annexin V & Dead cell staining confirmed increase in therate of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (90, 135,180μg/ml). Furthermore, we identified that AHE decreasedthe expression of p-Akt, GSK-3β, b-catenin, pro caspase 3,and Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins, while it increased those ofp-AMPK, p53, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, and Baxpro-apoptotic proteins. Our cumulative results suggest thatAHE decreases AGS cell proliferation and induces apoptosisby inhibiting Akt and AMPK expression.