설계 정보 전달 체계 개선을 위한 실시설계단계 3D BIM 기반 도면화 사례 분석

함남혁(Ham, Nam-Hyuk),여옥경(Yuh, Ok-Kyung),김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan) 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.39 No.10

In the realm of domestic design, the use of 2D CAD for creating design information has long been a major contributor to subpar design quality. The advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has prompted numerous efforts to enhance the process of delivering design information. Yet, many of these studies have overlooked the critical shift to a 3D BIM-based design process and production method. One of the most significant challenges in the design stage has been ensuring the integrity of design drawings. This study seeks to address this challenge by exploring a 3D BIM model-based documentation approach. To do so, an analysis of construction documents derived from 3D BIM models was conducted, breaking them down into sheets and views. For this analysis, a dataset comprising 298 sheets in the architectural field and 143 sheets in the structural field were collected as research data. Initially, these construction documents were categorized into two groups: those generated based on 3D BIM and those based on 2D CAD. Then the types of views extracted from the 3D BIM model across each sheet were meticulously examined and cataloged. These findings revealed that in architectural construction documents, a total of 481 views were employed across 214 sheets created from 3D BIM models. Similarly, in structural construction documents, a total of 252 views were employed across 107 sheets created from 3D BIM models. Importantly, these views contain design information that automatically adjusts as the 3D BIM model evolves. The outcomes of this study hold potential not only for enhancing the consistency of design information but also as foundational data for further research into BIM data composition, templates, and library development for documentation, considering the specific characteristics of different facilities.

3D 프린터 출력을 위한 토목구조물의 3D 모델링 구성 및 활용방안

박상미(Park, Sang Mi),김현승(Kim, Hyeon Seung),한선주(Han, Seon Ju),강인석(Kang, Leen Seok) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.37 No.6

최근 3D 프린터 기술은 다양한 산업분야에서 주목받는 기술로, 건설 산업에서도 3D 프린터를 활용하고자 하는 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 실제 교량, 건축물 등 구조물을 3D 프린터로 출력하는 사례가 증가하고 있으며, 3D 프린터를 활용한 목업 구조물 등 다양한 활용 방안이 제시되고 있다. 3D 프린터 기술을 건설 분야에 활용하기 위해서는 3D 모델이 필요하며, 설계단계에서 제작된 3D BIM데이터를 3D 프린터로 출력 시 3D 모델 제작비용과 시간을 절약할 수 있다. 하지만 설계단계의 3D BIM데이터는 3D 프린터 출력을 위한 조건을 만족하지 않는 경우가 많아 출력 시 많은 오류를 발생시킨다. 이에 본 연구에서는 BIM데이터의 3D 모델을 3D 프린터로 출력 시 발생하는 문제점 분석과 오류를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하며, 더불어 3D 프린터로 출력된 BIM모델의 실무적 활용방안을 제시한다. Recently, 3D printer technology has been attracting attention in various industrial fields, and research papers are being conducted to utilize 3D printers in the construction industry. Actual structures such as bridges and buildings are being printed to 3D printers, and various applications such as mock-up structures using 3D printers are being proposed. In order to utilize 3D printer technology in the construction field, a 3D model is required, and the 3D BIM data produced at the design stage can be printed by a 3D printers, saving the cost and time of 3D model generation. However, 3D BIM data often does not satisfy the conditions for 3D printer output, causing many errors on output. In this paper, authors propose a problem analysis for 3D BIM model output to 3D printer and a method for reducing errors in 3D printing process of 3D BIM model. In addition, this paper presents a practical application of 3D model output from 3D printer.

스케치업을 활용한 3D 건축모델링 및 물량산출

김민규,엄대용 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.6

The construction cost is estimated based on the drawings at the design stage and constructor will find efficient construction methods for budgeting and budgeting appropriate to the budget. Accurate quantity estimation and budgeting are critical to determining whether the project is profitable or not. However, since this process is mostly performed depending on manpower or 2D drawings, errors are likely to occur and The BIM(Build Information Modeling) program, which can be automated, is very expensive and difficult to apply in the field. In this study, 3D architectural modeling was performed using SketchUp which is a 3D modeling software and suggest a methodology for Quantity Estimation. As a result, 3D modeling was performed effectively using 2D drawings of buildings. Based on the modeling results, it was possible to calculate the difference of the quantity estimation by 2D drawing and 3D modeling. The research suggests that the 3D modeling using the SketchUp and the calculation of the quantity can prevent the error of the conventional 2D calculation method. If the applicability of the research method is verified through continuous research, it will contribute to increase the efficiency of architectural modeling and quantity Estimation work. 건축공사는 설계단계에서 도면을 바탕으로 예상되는 비용이 산정되며, 소요예산의 책정과 예산에 합당한 효율적 공사 방안을 찾게 된다. 정확한 물량산출과 예산책정은 공사의 수익성 여부를 판단하는 척도 중 하나로 매우 중요하다. 하지만 이러한 과정이 대부분 인력이나 2D 도면에 의존하여 수행되기 때문에 오차가 발생하기 쉬웠고, 자동화가 가능한 BIM(Build Information Modeling) 프로그램은 매우 고가이기 때문에 현장에서 적용하기 어려운 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3차원 모델링 소프트웨어인 스케치업을 이용하여 3D 건축모델링을 수행하고, 물량산출을 할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 건축물의 2D 도면을 이용하여 효과적으로 3D 모델링을 수행하였으며, 모델링 결과를 기반으로 2D 도면과 3D 모델링을 통한 물량산출의 차이를 산출할 수 있었다. 연구를 통해 스케치업을 활용한 3D 모델링과 물량산출이 기존의 2D 산출식의 오류를 방지할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다. 지속적인 연구를 통해 연구방법의 활용성이 검증된다면 건축 모델링과 물량산출 업무 효율성 증가에 크게 기여할 것이다.

3D 토공 BIM 시스템 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 속성 데이터 관리

문성우(Sung woo Moon),서종원(Jong won Seo) 한국BIM학회 2016 KIBIM Magazine Vol.6 No.4

A Building Information Model (BIM) is an attempt to simulate the process of building structures in a three-dimensional (3D) digital space. While the technology is usually applied to structured buildings, bridges, and underground facilities, it is rarely applied to an unstructured environment of earthwork operations. If a BIM is used for earthworks, the 3D simulation can be used for construction equipment guidance and earthwork management. This paper presents a real-time, 3D earthwork BIM that provides a 3D graphical simulation of excavators in conjunction with geographic modeling. Developing a real-time, 3D earthwork BIM requires handling a variety of factors, such as geographical information and vehicular movement. This paper mainly focuses on the management of these attributes and provides a database design for storing and retrieving data. In an example application, a prototype of the 3D earthwork BIM is presented to understand what it would provide when used during earthwork operations at a construction site.

파라메트릭 기술을 이용한 토공용 임시 구조물의 3D BIM 모델링

와카스 아샤드 타놀리(Waqas Arshad Tanoli),하스나인 라자(Hassnain Raza),이승수(Lee, Seung-Soo),박상일(Park, Sang-Il),서종원(Seo, Jong-won) 한국BIM학회 2018 KIBIM Magazine Vol.8 No.2

Nowadays Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a significant source of sharing project information in the construction industry. This method of sharing the information enhances the project understanding among stakeholders. Modeling of information using BIM is becoming an essential part of many construction projects around the globe. Despite rapid adoption of BIM in construction industry still, some sectors of the industry like earthwork have not yet reaped its full benefits. BIM has brought a paradigm shift through identification and integration of the roles and responsibilities of project participants on a single platform. BIM is a 3D model-based process which provides the insight into the efficient project planning and design. The 3D modeling can also be used significantly for the design of temporary structures in an earthwork project. This paper presents the quantity take-off methodology and parametric modeling technique for creating the temporary structures using 3D BIM process. A case study is conducted to implement the proposed temporary structure family design on a real site project. The study presented is beneficial for the earthwork project stakeholders to extract the relevant information using 3D BIM models in a project. It provides an opportunity to calculate the quantity of material required for a project accurately.

3D 스캐닝 활용 건축물 데이터 비교에 관한 연구

황병연(Byeong Yeon Hwang),박종기(Jong Ki Park),이태희(Tae Hee Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 3D 스캐닝에 대해 고찰하고 건축분야에서의 활용 동향, 시공 이후 공간에 3D 스캐닝 기술을 활용하여 시공 준공도면과 시공 후 데이터를 추출하여 도면과 데이터를 비교하며 기존 시공 준공도면과의 차이점을 도출하고 이를 통해 3D 스캐닝을 활용하여 건축 전반적인 부분에서 어떻게 활용되어야 하는지에 대해 이 연구의 목적이 있다. 현재 3D 스캐닝 기술은 현재 현장에 적용하여 설계, 시공, 안전까지 건축분야 전반적으로 널리 활용되어 지고 있다. 3D스캐닝 데이터와 기존 도면을 비교한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외부 형태와 치수는 크게 차이를 보이지 않는다. 둘째, 내부 형태와 치수는 차이를 보이고 있다. 셋째, 실내조명 배치는 모든 건축물에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 3D스캐닝은 준공되기 전 시공 단계에서도 필수적인 요소가 되어야 할 것으로 보이며, 자동화, 로봇 등을 이용하여 지속적인 3D 스캔을 통해 시공 및 안전관리의 효율성을 높이고, 자재관리 등 감리의 목적으로 활용되어야 할 것이며, 이를 통한 BIM, 공정관리 등 건축 전반적인 분야에서의 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. This study examines 3D scanning and how it is used in the construction field. 3D scanning technology was applied to a real space and compared with drawings in the planning and construction stages. 3D scanning technology has been widely applied in the field of construction, design, construction, and safety. The results of comparing 3D scanning data with drawings are as follows. First, the external shape and dimensions do not show much difference. Second, the internal shape and dimensions are different. Third, indoor lighting layouts are different in all buildings. 3D scanning should be an essential element in the construction stage before completion and should be used for supervision tasks such as material management, improving the efficiency of construction, and safety management through continuous 3D scanning using automation and robots. Follow-up studies in the field of architecture, such as BIM and process management, will be needed.

3D 모델링 데이터 연속성에 기반한 BIM 소프트웨어의 계획설계 활용성에 관한 연구

한나래,김동현 한국문화공간건축학회 2015 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.52

The work flow from the preliminary to schematic design in architectural projects has been changing dramatically due to the digital technology, and its core part is implementing BIM from the beginning. The problem is that BIM software is not yet optimized for the beginning phase of the project when an architect tries various options rapidly. What architects generally does is to explore the form freely with 3d software and transfer it to BIM for further information modeling. Main issue is that this digital sequence is not seamlessly executed due to the complications of 3d data inter-connectivity. This study is exploring the inter-connectivity of the 3d modeling data from preliminary design phase by 3d software and tries to find out how to make this process more uninterrupted by analysing the categorized generic projects. The projects include rectangular and free form shape buildings and the analysis is implemented regarding 3 parts – form, properties, and information of 3d data. For the analysis, Sketchup and Rhino are used for 3d software and Revit by Autodesk are used for BIM software. Those programs were selected because they are most favorite softwares used by architects in Korea. This study suggests as a conclusion, out of the analysis result of 3 parts, how to utilize BIM software in schematic design efficiently and seamlessly from the schematic design.

소규모 건축공사의 BIM 정보 활용을 위한 프로세스 제안 - 철골공사 중심으로 -

김진광(Kim, Jin-Kwang),유무영(Yoo, Moo-Young),함남혁(Ham, Nam-Hyu),김재준(Kim, Jae-Jun),최창식(Choi, Chang-Shik) 한국BIM학회 2018 KIBIM Magazine Vol.8 No.2

The current study focused on the utilization of building information modeling (BIM) data in steel-frame structures, which help to reduce project durations because they employ prefabricated structural members that are assembled on-site. In addition, a business process model was proposed using BIM data collected during the preconstruction, structural steel fabrication, and on-site construction phases of an actual steel-frame project. The ultimate expectation is that BIM data support at each phase, as well as the increased understanding among project participants, will result in an increase in project management productivity. The results from the current study are summarized as follows: To implement a BIM capable of application to steel-frame projects and data utilization, existing theories were studied to develop the construction project steps, both generally into the preconstruction (A1), steel fabrication (A2), and on-site construction phases, (A3) and specifically into 19 BIM-applicable phases. Based on the derived BIM-applicable phases, the model elements of the BIM object were identified, and the shortcomings of existing steel-frame projects were ameliorated, resulting in an improved data flow model. Moreover, for the proposed BIM data flow to progress efficiently, the BIM specialist needs to be well-acquainted with the phase-specific three-dimensional (3D) model output, and the infrastructure to construct an error-free 3D model must be provided. Based on the actual construction example, the BIM data utilized steel-frame projects - via production reports, clash checks, two-dimensional (2D) drawings, four-dimensional (4D) simulations, and 3D scanning - to make cooperation and communication among participants easier.

철도 교량의 BIM 구축을 위한 3차원 모델 생성 자동화 시스템 개발

이헌민,김현승,이일수 한국전산구조공학회 2018 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.31 No.5

구조물의 『3차원 설계』는 성공적인 BIM(building information modeling) 정착을 위한 핵심 기술이다. 이를 위해 다양한 BIM 라이브러리들이 개발되고 있지만 선형기반으로 구조물이 가설되는 교통 인프라의 설계업무에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 상용화된 BIM 소프트웨어들이 지원하는 라이브러리를 계획된 선형을 기반으로 구조물이 가설되는 교통 인프라의 설계 업무에 적용하는 것은 사용성 측면에서 한계가 있다. 더욱이 조합을 고려하지 않고 개발된 라이브러리로 생성된 모델은 다양한 설계변경 상황에 대응하기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 교통인프라 구조물인 철도 교량을 대상으로, 유관 시설 또는 부재에 대한 3차원 객체를 설계변경에 효율적으로 대처할 수 있도록 매개변수 기법을 적용한 ‘BIM기반 3D 모델 생성 자동화 모듈’을 구축하였다. 모듈의 주요기능은 기준선형을 바탕으로 기준경로를 도출하고 다른 객체와의 조합을 고려하여 목표객체를 연장 및 배열하는 것이다. 또한 모듈의 조합으로 구성된 철도교량의 통합모델에 대하여 설계변수를 입력할 수 있는 사용자 인터페이스를 구성하여 설계변경 대응능력에 대한 적용성을 검증하였다. For successful BIM settlement, it is a key technic for engineer to design structures in the 3-dimensional digital space and to work out related design documents directly. Lately many BIM tool has been released and each supports their 3-dimensional object libraries. But it is not easy to apply those libraries to design transportation infra structures that were placed along the route(3-dimensional line). Moreover, in case of design changes, it is so difficult to reflect those changes with the integrated model that was assembled by them. Because of they were developed without consideration for redundancy of parameters between objects that were placed nearby or were related each other. In this paper, a method to develop module for modeling and placing 3-dimensional object for transportation infra structures is presented. The modules are employed by a parametric method and can deal with design changes. Also, for a railroad bridge, through developing user interface of the integrated 3-dimensional model that was assembled by those modules the applicability of them was reviewed.

웹기반 3차원 공간관리 프로토타입 모듈(W3D-SMPM) 구축방안 연구

박정대(Park Jung-Dae) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

As the purpose of this research is to develop a Web-based 3-Dimensional Space Management Prototype Module (W3D-SMPM) to assist the Space Layout of office buildings, especially for potential tenants' office layout works on the web. This prototype module is also useful for other building types in the fields of CIFM (Computer Integrated Facility Maintenance). Key process of this research are as follows: (1) We studies the previous related researches and surveyed the current status of office buildings. (2) A Study on the actual process of the office layout was undertaken to determine the required functions of the W3D-SMPM. (3) BIM-IFC was examined focused on the data processing method and structure in order to determine the standard format for the office building. (4) Based on the above result, we developed each function of office layout required for the W3D-SMPM. (5) On the selected office buildings we reconstruct the 2-dimensional CAD drawings based on the images and photos of the office. (6) And so these buildings are 3-dimensionally modeled by the use of commercial BIM application and exported as BIM-IFC format. (7) The W3D-SMPM was developed by unifying the above functions in web browser environment through the X3D technology, such as VET which converted BIM-IFC 3D data into web-based multimedia file formats. (8) We employ the W3D-SMPM by using case studies of office layout works on actual buildings. Eventually, this module contributes to the efficient maintenance works of office layout, and is able to support the appropriate office planning guide for potential tenants.