Multi-dimensional Network Security Situation Assessment

Lina Zhu,Guoen Xia,Zuochang Zhang,Jianhua Li,Renjie Zhou 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.11

Network security situation awareness is vital important for network security supervision. In order to obtain the network security situation effectively, a multi-dimensional assessment method is proposed in this paper. The method is composed of three dimensions at different levels, namely vulnerability, threat and basic operation, with quantitative calculation method for each index. In the service layer, CVSS standard is adopted to assess the vulnerability situation, and simplified DREAD model is chosen for the threat situation. In the node layer, the vulnerability situation in the service layer is added with a weight, the threat situation in the service layer is accumulated according to attack paths based on Markov model, and the basic operation situation is evaluated by D-S evidence fusion of several host and network performance index. In the network layer, each situation equals to weighted summation of corresponding situation in the node layer. Experimental results show the ease of use of this method, and multi-dimensional situation depicts the overall safety evolution process of network system accurately and intuitively.

상황 기반 리터러시 평가를 위한 시론 : 리터러시 평가에서 ‘상황’을 고려한다는 것은 어떤 의미인가?

유상희(Ryu, Sanghee),옥현진(Ok, Hyounjin),서수현(Seo, Soohyun) 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2018 교과교육학연구 Vol.22 No.4

이 연구는 상황 기반 리터러시 평가 개발을 위한 기초 연구로서, 상황에 대한 다양한 접근을 이론적으로 탐색하고 상황 기반 리터러시 평가 개발을 위한 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 상황적 리터러시 관점에 기반하여 상황 기반 리터러시 평가에서 고려할 수 있는 지점으로 상황의 중핵성, 평가의 실제성, 참여자의 주도성을 제안하였다. 상황의 중핵성은 평가 과제 개발에 있어서 상황이라는 요소가 얼마나 문항 구성에 핵심적으로 작용하는가와 관련되며, 평가의 실제성은 제시되는 텍스트와 평가 문항이 얼마나 피평가자의 실제 언어 사용 양상 또는 언어 사용 목적과 유사한지와 관련된다. 그리고 참여자의 주도성은 언어 사용자가 구체적인 의사소통 사건에 얼마나 주체적으로 참여하며 상황을 역동적으로 구성할 수 있는가에 대한 가능성과 관련된다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 세 가지 요소를 중심으로 하여 상황 기반 리터러시 평가를 개발하기 위한 방향으로 상황화된 시나리오를 제공하는 평가, 실제 리터러시 생태계를 반영한 지문과 문 항을 제시하는 평가, 참여자가 주도성을 갖고 상황을 구성하는 평가를 제안하였다. This study, as a preliminary exploration, aims to explore significant theoretical approaches to situation from the situated literacy perspective in order to find possible meaningful directions for situation-based assessment. This study suggests three key elements for situation-based assessment: the core level of the situation, the authenticity level of the assessment, and the agency level of the test-takers. The core level of the situation defines to what degree the situation is regarded as the core value in developing assessment tasks. The authenticity level of the assessment refers to the degree to which the assessment tasks have an authentic purpose and/or are similar to literacy practices that happen in the test-takers’ daily lives. The agency level of the test-takers refers to the degree to which the assessment tasks provide possibilities for test-takers’ active/ agentive construction of situations. Focusing on these key elements, this study proposes meaningful directions for situationbased assessment: assessment providing specific communication scenarios, reflecting actual literacy ecosystems, and allowing test-takers opportunities for constructing interactional situations.

Development of a Collision Risk Assessment System for Optimum Safe Route

Ho-Kun Jeon,Yun-Chul Jung 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.24 No.6

선박의 통행량이 많은 연안해역은 선박들 사이에 복잡한 조우상황이 자주 발생하기 때문에 충돌사고의 가능성이 높다. 따라서 해상에서 충돌사고를 줄이기 위해서는 항해사의 국제충돌예방규칙(COLREG) 준수에 더하여 정량적인 충돌위험평가가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 선박의 계획항로에 대한 충돌위험을 평가하기 위한 새로운 충돌위험도 평가시스템이 개발되었다. 먼저 기존의 충돌위험 평가모델들을 검토함으로써 적절한 충돌위험 평가방법이 제시되었다. 시스템은 MATLAB을 사용하여 개발되었으며 해도, 범퍼 및 평가의 세 부분으로 구성된다. 개발된 시스템은 시험을 위해 간단한 계산조건으로 시험해역에 적용되었으며, 그리고 검증을 위해 실제 계산조건으로 실제해역에 적용되었다. 그 결과 충돌위험은 자선의 길이, 항해시간 및 항로 등에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 시스템은 항해사가 출항전 최적안전항로를 선택하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In coastal waters where the traffic volume of the ship is high, there is a high possibility of a collision accident because complicated encounter situations frequently occurs between ships. To reduce the collision accidents at sea, a quantitative collision risk assessment is required in addition to the navigator's compliance with COLREG. In this study, a new collision risk assessment system was developed to evaluate the collision risk on ship’s planned sailing routes. The appropriate collision risk assessment method was proposed on the basis of reviewing existing collision risk assessment models. The system was developed using MATLAB and it consists of three parts: Map, Bumper and Assessment. The developed system was applied to the test sea area with simple computational conditions for testing and to actual sea areas with real computational conditions for validation. The results show the length of own ship, ship’s sailing time and sailing routes affect collision risks. The developed system is expected to be helpful for navigators to choose the optimum safe route before sailing.

Automated Assessment Of The Air Situation During The Preparation And Conduct Of Combat Operations Using A Decision Support System Based On Fuzzy Networks Of Target Installations

Volkov, Andriy,Bazilo, Serhii,Tokar, Oleksandr,Horbachov, Kostiantyn,Lutsyshyn, Andrii,Zaitsev, Ihor,Iasechko, Maksym International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.11

The article considers the improved method and model of automated air situation assessment using a decision support system based on fuzzy networks of target installations. The advanced method of automated assessment of the air situation using the decision support system is based on the methodology of reflexive control of the first rank. With this approach, the process of assessing the air situation in the framework of the formulated task can be reduced to determining the purpose, probabilistic nature of actions and capabilities of the air target. The use of a homogeneous functional network for the formal presentation of air situation assessment processes will formally describe the process of determining classes of events during air situation assessment and the process of determining quantitative and qualitative characteristics of recognized air situation situations. To formalize the patterns of manifestation of the values of quantitative and symbolic information, it is proposed to use the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets.

Network Security Situation Assessment Method Based on Markov Game Model

( Xi Li ),( Yu Lu ),( Sen Liu ),( Wei Nie ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.5

In order to solve the problem that the current network security situation assessment methods just focus on the attack behaviors, this paper proposes a kind of network security situation assessment method based on Markov Decision Process and Game theory. The method takes the Markov Game model as the core, and uses the 4 levels data fusion to realize the evaluation of the network security situation. In this process, the Nash equilibrium point of the game is used to determine the impact on the network security. Experiments show that the results of this method are basically consistent with the expert evaluation data. As the method takes full account of the interaction between the attackers and defenders, it is closer to reality, and can accurately assess network security situation.

상황 평가에 기반을 둔 병합

최대영(Choi Dae Young) 한국정보처리학회 1998 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.5 No.10

In the existing fuzzy aggregation method, the operators such as t-norm, t-conorm, mean operator, Yager's operator and %u03B3-operator are used to aggregate the values of membership functions. However, these methods have problems in that they do not reflect the decision situation properly in the decision process. In order to solve these problems we suggest a situation assessment model(SAM) to reflect the decision situation in the decision process. In the fuzzy decision environment, we propose a new aggregation method to reflect the decision situation using the result of SAM. We call it the aggregation based on situation assessment(ASA) method. It makes the stepwise aggregation with direction according to the decision situation. Moreover, we compare ASA method with the existing aggregation methods.

중학교 지구과학교과를 중심으로 국가수준 학업성취도 과학 평가 문항 분석

오은숙,김형범 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2012 敎員敎育 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 최근 5년간 중학교 3학년을 대상으로 실시된 국가수준 학업성취도 평가 문항을 지구과학 영역을 중심으로 3차원 과학 평가틀을 활용하여 분석해 보았으며, 그 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학 내용 영역의 분석 결과는 ‘에너지’, ‘물질’, ‘생명’, ‘지구’의 문항수가 고르게 출제 되었다. 지구(지구과학)영역을 단원별로 분석한 결과는 ‘지구와 별’이 가장 출제가 많이 되었으며, ‘태양계의 운동’이 가장 출제 빈도가 낮았고, 내용에 따라서 출제 빈도의 차이를 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 행동 영역의 분석 결과, 지식 범주가 탐구의 범주보다 높게 나타났으며, 지구과학 영역의 분석 결과도 과학 영역과 큰 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 상황 영역의 분석 결과, 탐구 상황 4개 범주 중 순수 과학적 상황이 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 이들 분석 결과를 토대로 2007 개정 교육과정 지구과학 목표의 도달정도를 확인하는 2012학년도 국가수준 학업성취도 평가의 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다. The purpose of this study analyzed National Assessment of Educational Achievement items by focusing on earth science curriculum in Middle school utilizing three dimentional scientific assessment framework for last 5 years. The results were as follows: The first, Science contents territory of national level study achievements estimation were set a problem energy, substance, life, earth relatively evenly. Earth(Earth Science) territory was set a problem most 'The earth and stars' territory. 'Movement of the solar system' was the lower frequency, contents according to the difference in the frequency of problem has shown. The second, in action territory of national level study achievements estimation, a problem 'Knowledge' territory was higher than 'Exploring' territory. Also, there was no significant difference between science and earth science territory. The third, in situation territory of national level study achievements estimation, 'Purity scientific situation' was the highest among 4 category. Based on their analysis determined the 2007 earth sciences curriculum goals to reach, this study could be dirrecion to improve 2012 National Assessment of Educational Achievement.

Curvilinear-Coordinate-Based Object and Situation Assessment for Highly Automated Vehicles

Junsoo Kim,Kichun Jo,Wontaek Lim,Minchul Lee,Myoungho Sunwoo IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation sy Vol.16 No.3

<P>This paper presents a novel curvilinear-coordinate-based approach to improve object and situation assessment performance for highly automated vehicles under various curved road conditions. The approach integrates object information from radars and lane information from a camera with three steps: track-to-track fusion, curvilinear coordinate conversion, and lane assessment. The track-to-track fusion is achieved through a nearest neighbor filter that updates the target state estimation and covariance with the nearest neighbor measurement, and a cross-covariance method that merges the duplicate tracks using error covariance. In order to determine in which lane the fused tracks are located accurately and reliably, the curvilinear coordinate conversion process is performed. The curvilinear coordinates are generated in the form of a cubic Hermite spline lane model from the lane information of the camera. Based on the converted track information and the lane model in the curvilinear coordinates, the probability distribution of the threat levels in each lane is determined though a probabilistic lane association and threat assessment. The developed algorithm is verified and evaluated through experiments using a real-time embedded system. The results show that the proposed curvilinear-coordinate-based approach provides excellent performance of object and situation assessment, in respect of accuracy and computational efficiency, in real-time operation.</P>

영화를 활용한 영어 작문과 그 평가에 대한 연구:수업 절차와 평가 활동을 중심으로

김혜정(Kim, Hye-Jeong) 영상영어교육학회 2015 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.16 No.1

This study suggests a class procedure which uses a movie to maximize interest and motivation to do writing. It also suggests a way in which learners can assess their own writing. Using a movie, a teacher leads students to expressing their views and opinions about a specific situation and context. In the first half of a 15 week semester, various writing skills and strategies were learned using a general writing text. In the second half, students expressed their opinions in an essay about a specific situation that showed logical development. A key part of this study is the assessment of the writing product. This study emphasizes that students need to focus on the story flow and logical construction while also considering context. A way of assessment is suggested with individual, pair and group activities that focus on three factors: context, organization and grammar. The factor students focus on is observed for a whole semester and how the focus shifts is checked from interviews and a questionnaire. This encourages students to be aware of the constituents of their essays. This awareness directly shows that the activity of writing is complementary to writing assessment.

Development of a Collision Risk Assessment System for Optimum Safe Route

전호군,정연철 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.24 No.6

In coastal waters where the traffic volume of the ship is high, there is a high possibility of a collision accident because complicated encounter situations frequently occurs between ships. To reduce the collision accidents at sea, a quantitative collision risk assessment is required in addition to the navigator's compliance with COLREG. In this study, a new collision risk assessment system was developed to evaluate the collision risk on ship’s planned sailing routes. The appropriate collision risk assessment method was proposed on the basis of reviewing existing collision risk assessment models. The system was developed using MATLAB and it consists of three parts: Map, Bumper and Assessment. The developed system was applied to the test sea area with simple computational conditions for testing and to actual sea areas with real computational conditions for validation. The results show the length of own ship, ship’s sailing time and sailing routes affect collision risks. The developed system is expected to be helpful for navigators to choose the optimum safe route before sailing.