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金仙奇(Kim, Sun-Gi) 동북아시아문화학회 2018 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.57
「Kaere ototo」 is the work of Kosugi Misei where the sense of anti-war internalized in himself while experiencing Russian-Japanese war burst out in a clear and fierce tone for the first time to be a representative work of 「Jinchushihen」. The work has also been known as one of the major anti-war poems during the Russina-Japanese war period along with 「Kimi sini tamau koto nakare」 by Yosano Akiko. However, still it is rare to find academic research on the work from detailed and general perspective. In this sense, the present study explored the background of 「Kaere ototo」 based on the analysis of journals, illustrations and psalters exhibiting Kosugi Misei’s Russina-Japanese war experience. Next, 「Kaere ototo」 was examined for its characteristics and implications as an anti-war poem with the focus on the sense of anti-war, artistic figuration, attitude of a poetic narrator, etc. appearing in the poem. Subsequently, the work was analyzed from the comparison analysis perspective with Yosano Akiko’s 「Kimi sini tamau koto nakare」 and Nakazato Kaizan’s 「Rantyogekiin」 to highlight the stance of 「Kaere ototo」 as an anti-war poem. Major study findings are as follows; First, Misei, during the initial Russian-Japanese war period, internalized critical reflection on war by witnessing the reality of war while following the army up to Pyeongyang. In addition, in the process of gaining a deep understanding of how the soldiers in the battle fields felt and identifying his own fate with those of young soldiers in similar ages to him, Misei accumulated opposition and criticism against the violence and brutality of war and these were burst into poetic dictions in 「Kaere ototo」. Second, the sense of anti-war in 「Kaere ototo」 is expressed in clear and firm patterns as shown in strong commands such as ‘Throw away the sword at your side quick.’, and ‘come back’ to your hometown. Third, 「Kaere ototo」, while displaying a strong sense of anti-war, also shows the outstanding image of ‘evening bird’ symbolizing peace and compares young soldiers to jade bowls to be deemed successful in artistic figuration rarely as an anti-war poem. Forth, 「Kaere ototo」 is viewed as one of the major anti-war poems during the Russian-Japanese war period in consideration of the following aspects; the work was created from Kosugi Misei’s firsthand experience of Russian-Japanese war, has the remarkable depth of critical reflection and internalization on war based on the poetic narrator’s firm sense of anti-war, and is successful in artistic figuration of the strong anti-war sense implied in itself.
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金仙奇 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.65
「Joseon Diary」 is an appendix of 『Jinchushihen』 written by Kosugi Misei who was a war correspondent and recorded his experience during the Japanese-Russian War. This work is a rare record of firsthand experience of the Japanese-Russian War of Kosugi Misei, a Japanese artist, and is an essential data needed for in-depth understanding of Kosugi Misei’s artistic activities and works in the Japanese-Russian War period. However, a systematic academic review and discussion on Misei’s 「Joseon Diary」 has been rarely performed. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and review three themes that could imply the characteristics and content of the Diary. These themes include: first, illustrations and poems of 「Joseon Diary」; second, image of Joseon during the Japanese-Russian War period and Misei’s perception of the Joseon in 「Joseon Diary」; and third, Misei’s war experience and view of war presented in 「Joseon Diary」. The study results are as follows : First, many illustrations included in 「Joseon Diary」 added the realism of a foreign country and created an impression of a pictorial record popular at the time. Furthermore, many poems in 「Joseon Diary」 diversify the modes of representation of Misei’s experience in the Joseon by creating a poetic mood in a prose-style diary. Images of the Joseon region full of Japanese military troops moving north immediately after the Japanese-Russian War broke out are well reflected in 「Joseon Diary」. Misei’s view mostly stayed at soldiers and the field of war, and he had no opportunity to profoundly comprehend Joseon’s political and social situations. His early perception of the Joseon in 「Joseon Diary」 has not yet been reached in penetrating hidden intention of Japan through the Japanese-Russian War. After the march up to Pyongyang, as Misei became more well aware of Joseon’s situations, he criticized the intention of Japan's colonization of Joseon through the Japanese-Russian War with a clear tone in 「Sing affection of remembrance in the former King's castle on behalf of Han’s old subject」 of 『Jinchushihen』. Finally, Misei’s aspects of war experience and internalization process of sense of anti-war are well expressed in 「Joseon Diary」. His war experience is presented by empathizing with hardship of the march, pain of sick or wounded soldiers, fear of death on the battlefield, homesickness and others. Afterwards, he fully recognized that the glory of war was achieved by blood and death of numerous soldiers. He internalized that war was a cold-hearted and brutal act that even did not allow basic human rights and emotions. The feelings of longing for a home and desire for returning home, repeatedly expressed in 「Joseon Diary」 are described with poetic language in 「Kaere ototo」 of 『Jinchushihen』.
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