의미간의 유사도 연구의 패러다임 변화의 필요성-인지 의미론적 관점에서의 고찰

최영석(Youngseok Choi),박진수(Jinsoo Park) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2013 지능정보연구 Vol.19 No.1

Semantic similarity/relatedness measure between two concepts plays an important role in research on system integration and database integration. Moreover, current research on keyword recommendation or tag clustering strongly depends on this kind of semantic measure. For this reason, many researchers in various fields including computer science and computational linguistics have tried to improve methods to calculating semantic similarity/relatedness measure. This study of similarity between concepts is meant to discover how a computational process can model the action of a human to determine the relationship between two concepts. Most research on calculating semantic similarity usually uses ready-made reference knowledge such as semantic network and dictionary to measure concept similarity. The topological method is used to calculated relatedness or similarity between concepts based on various forms of a semantic network including a hierarchical taxonomy. This approach assumes that the semantic network reflects the human knowledge well. The nodes in a network represent concepts, and way to measure the conceptual similarity between two nodes are also regarded as ways to determine the conceptual similarity of two words(i.e,. two nodes in a network). Topological method can be categorized as node-based or edge-based, which are also called the information content approach and the conceptual distance approach, respectively. The node-based approach is used to calculate similarity between concepts based on how much information the two concepts share in terms of a semantic network or taxonomy while edge-based approach estimates the distance between the nodes that correspond to the concepts being compared. Both of two approaches have assumed that the semantic network is static. That means topological approach has not considered the change of semantic relation between concepts in semantic network. However, as information communication technologies make advantage in sharing knowledge among people, semantic relation between concepts in semantic network may change. To explain the change in semantic relation, we adopt the cognitive semantics. The basic assumption of cognitive semantics is that humans judge the semantic relation based on their cognition and understanding of concepts. This cognition and understanding is called ‘World Knowledge.’ World knowledge can be categorized as personal knowledge and cultural knowledge. Personal knowledge means the knowledge from personal experience. Everyone can have different Personal Knowledge of same concept. Cultural Knowledge is the knowledge shared by people who are living in the same culture or using the same language. People in the same culture have common understanding of specific concepts. Cultural knowledge can be the starting point of discussion about the change of semantic relation. If the culture shared by people changes for some reasons, the human’s cultural knowledge may also change. Today’s society and culture are changing at a past face, and the change of cultural knowledge is not negligible issues in the research on semantic relationship between concepts. In this paper, we propose the future directions of research on semantic similarity. In other words, we discuss that how the research on semantic similarity can reflect the change of semantic relation caused by the change of cultural knowledge. We suggest three direction of future research on semantic similarity. First, the research should include the versioning and update methodology for semantic network. Second, semantic network which is dynamically generated can be used for the calculation of semantic similarity between concepts. If the researcher can develop the methodology to extract the semantic network from given knowledge base in real time, this approach can solve many problems related to the change of semantic relation. Third, the statistical approach based on corpus analysis can be an alternative for the metho

The Semantics of Semantic Annotation

( Harry Bunt ) 한국언어정보학회 2007 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

This is a speculative paper, describing a recently started effort to give a formal semantics to semantic annotation schemes. Semantic annotations are intended to capture certain semantic information in a text, which means that it only makes sense to use semantic annotations if these have a well-defined semantics. In practice, however, semantic annotation schemes are used that lack any formal semantics. In this paper we outline how existing approaches to the annotation of temporal information, semantic roles, and reference relations can be integrated in a single XML-based format and can be given a formal semantics by translating them into second-order logic. This is argued to offer an incremental aproach to the incorporation of semantic information in natural language processing that does not suffer from the problems of ambiguity and lack of robustness that are common to traditional approaches to computational semantics.

상징어의 의미 영역 분류 연구 2 : 사람과 관련하여 쓰이는 의태어를 중심으로

김홍범(Kim Hong-beom),이영주(Lee Young-ju) 한국사전학회 2011 한국사전학 Vol.- No.18

This study addresses the question of how we can understand errors and suggest an alternative. It analysis mimetic words relating human in the previous Classification Dictionary of semantic field and get errors' cause. Finally purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative of systematic criterion in Classification Dictionary of semantic field. Using semantic description model deconstruct mimetic word's meaning relating human and point out dispute of classification system. This combines residual meaning of compartmentalisation items for the purpose of establishing systematic criterion in Classification Dictionary of semantic field. It utilizes the Microsoft Excel to make semantic description model. Using semantic description model deconstruct meaning to apply the previous dictionary's contents. This paper appears semantic description about Mimetic Words registered in 「Classification Dictionary of Korean Onomatopoeic and Mimetic Words」 by researching subject(N1, N2), object(N3, N4), adverb(N5), predicate(V). This paper reclassify previous classification system to establish consistency, relating this predication items classify 5types. Type I is Mimetic Words about physical motion. Type 2 is also Mimetic Words about the motion of whole human body, however it emphasizes certain parts of human body. Type 3 is associated with the motion of whole human body. However there is not 'mom(paldari)' in N2, N4. Type 4 is associated with the motion of partial human body. In this case, particular part of the body like eyes, head, nose and mouth predicate N2 or N4. Type 5 is as 4 type associated with the motion of partial human body. However this type mainly associated with activities of eyes, nose, mouth, body with purpose. The analysis results for symbolic words based on the methodology of this paper remain to be studied.

상징어의 의미 영역 분류 연구(2) -사람과 관련하여 쓰이는 의태어를 중심으로-

김홍범,이영주 한국사전학회 2011 한국사전학 Vol.- No.18

This study addresses the question of how we can understand errors and suggest an alternative. It analysis mimetic words relating human in the previous Classification Dictionary of semantic field and get errors’ cause. Finally purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative of systematic criterion in Classification Dictionary of semantic field. Using semantic description model deconstruct mimetic word’s meaning relating human and point out dispute of classification system. This combines residual meaning of compartmentalisation items for the purpose of establishing systematic criterion in Classification Dictionary of semantic field. It utilizes the Microsoft Excel to make semantic description model. Using semantic description model deconstruct meaning to apply the previous dictionary’s contents. This paper appears semantic description about Mimetic Words registered in 「Classification Dictionary of Korean Onomatopoeic and Mimetic Words」 by researching subject(N1, N2), object(N3, N4), adverb(N5), predicate(V). This paper reclassify previous classification system to establish consistency, relating this predication items classify 5types. Type 1 is Mimetic Words about physical motion. Type 2 is also Mimetic Words about the motion of whole human body, however it emphasizes certain parts of human body. Type 3 is associated with the motion of whole human body. However there is not ‘mom(paldari)’ in N2, N4. Type 4 is associated with the motion of partial human body. In this case, particular part of the body like eyes, head, nose and mouth predicate N2 or N4. Type 5 is as 4 type associated with the motion of partial human body. However this type mainly associated with activities of eyes,nose, mouth, body with purpose. The analysis results for symbolic words based on the methodology of this paper remain to be studied.

한국어 다기능 문법형식 ‘에게’의 의미지도

양소열 ( Yang Suyue ),구본관 ( Koo Bonkwan ) 한국문법교육학회 2018 문법 교육 Vol.33 No.-

In Korean, ‘ege’ is a multifunctional grams with various semantic functions indicating ‘recipient’, ‘beneficiary’, ‘human goal’, etc. Semantic map is a useful method for analyzing the pattern of multifunctional grams and the relationship between the semantics. Compared with the comparative analysis method, Semantic maps have many advantages on showing the internal relation and the affinity relationship between each function of the multifunctional grams. This paper is based on the semantic map presented in linguistic typology and based on the conceptual space of typical dative functions which was constructed by Haspelmath in 2003 and cross-domain thematic role which was constructed by Zhang Min in 2013, reanalyzed the semantic functions of ‘ege’. The semantic functions of ‘ege’ include ‘recipient’, ‘beneficiary’, ‘human goal’, ‘human source’, ‘experiencer’, ‘possessor’, ‘causee’, ‘passive agent’. In addition, according to the Semantic Map Connectivity Hypothesis and semantic analysis this paper added functional items to the conceptual space of Zhang Min(2013) and mapped out the semantic map of ‘ege’. These discussions can also be applied to language comparison and second language teaching and acquisition.

“NP+好+V”的语义指向和动词限制考察

徐泽方 대한중국학회 2023 중국학 Vol.84 No.-

空范畴(empty category)是在所有人类语言中普遍存在的语言现象,空范畴理论主要研究的语义问题。空范畴是指句法关系中,有语义内容却没有语音表现形式的部分。本文从广义、狭义语义指向分析入手,借助空范畴理论,以及框架理论,对“NP+好+V”构式进行了分析。本文将利用语义指向分析和空范畴等理论,对“NP+好+V”构式的语义指向和动词限制以及理解与语义背景做出考察。 Empty category is a common language phenomenon in all human languages. The semantic problem of empty category is mainly studied, which is a component with semantic content but no phonetic form in a certain syntactic relationship. This paper starts with the analysis of broad sense and narrow sense semantic orientation, and analyzes the NP+好+V construction with the help of empty category theory and frame theory. This paper will use the theory of semantic pointing analysis and empty category to investigate the semantic pointing, verb restriction, understanding and semantic background of the NP+好+V construction.From the point of view of the semantic orientation in a narrow sense, it is the correlation between the two components, that is, the semantic orientation within the NP+好+V construction, which represents different meanings according to different orientations. In a broad sense, semantic orientation refers to the relationship between components and semantics, that is, it may point to the external components of NP+好+V. At this time, the object pointed to by semantics may not appear in the NP+好+V construction due to reasons such as omission. If necessary, you can Complement it, but it does not affect the understanding of its semantics.

종료 유의동사가 갖는 명사연어의 의미범주코퍼스기반 연구

김준기 ( Joon Ki Kim ) 한국현대언어학회 2015 언어연구 Vol.31 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the semantic domains of the noun collocations of the synonymous verbs finish, end, complete, stop, quit, cease, halt, and terminate through the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). This paper demonstrates how semantic domains are obtainable by using a systematic semantic-tagging tool rather than judgments based only on theoretical analysis, and how they are thus reflected, to judge the semantic characteristics of termination verbs. In order to explore the semantic domains of noun collocations of termination verbs, we used the corpus analysis tool Wmatrix. Our findings are as follows: (1) the semantic characteristics of each termination verb suggested by Freed (1979) and Givon (1972) are more clearly explained and understood when the semantic tagging procedure is applied through Wmatrix to the noun collocates; (2) the frequency of the collocation of termination verbs has, according to their semantic domains, increased over time, especially since the 1900s. (Dongseo University)

한글 단어의 관련성 유형에 따른 성인의 의미 규준 조사

이고은 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.10

Objectives The purpose of this study were to explore the semantic norm of Hangul words based on type of semantic relationship. We investigated various words that exhibited diverse types of semantic relationships with a single word. Methods We conducted a free association task and controlled association task on 180 Hangul words with 150 adults over the age of 20 who were native Korean speakers. In the free association task, participants were asked to freely report words that came to mind when presented with a given word, while in the controlled association task, they were asked to report words related to the given word semantically, categorically, or functionally. Results The words reported in the free association task were found to overlap with those reported in the controlled association task for the same given word in approximately 74% of cases. Specifically, categorical related words were the most common, accounting for 52%. Subsequently, functional-related words, semantic-related words, and pure associative words constituted the majority of the sample, in descending order. In the free association task, it was found that higher word frequency was associated with a greater number of words generated. However, in the controlled association task, such a correlation was not observed. Conclusions While some cases existed where words related by association differed in their semantic, categorical, or functional relationships, the majority of these words were common. Thus, when designing learning materials, it is crucial to take these factors into account, as words with semantic relationships are likely to be retrieved together. 목적 본 연구에서는 한글 단어에서 관련성 유형에 따른 의미 규준을 조사하기 위해 한 단어에 대해 다양한 관련성을 가진 단어를확인하고자 하였다. 방법 180개 한글 단어에 대해 한국어가 모국어인 20세 이상 성인 150명을 대상으로 자유 연상 과제와 통제 연상 과제를 실시하였다. 자유 연상 과제에서는 제시된 단어를 보고 떠오르는 단어를 자유롭게 보고하도록 하였고, 통제 연상 과제에서는 제시된 단어와의미적, 범주적, 기능적으로 관련된 단어를 보고하도록 하였다. 결과 동일한 제시어에 대해 자유 연상 과제에서 보고된 단어(제1연상어)가 통제 연상 과제에서 보고된 단어와 중복되는 경우는 약74%에 해당하였다. 구체적으로는 범주적 관련어인 경우가 52%로 가장 많았다. 다음으로 기능적 관련어, 의미적 관련어, 순수 연상단어 순으로 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 자유 연상 과제에서는 단어빈도가 높을수록 더 많은 단어를 떠올리는 것으로 나타났으나, 통제연상 과제에서는 이러한 상관이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 연상 관계에 있는 단어들은 의미적, 범주적, 기능적 관련성을 가진 단어와 상이한 경우도 존재하지만 공통되는 경우가 대부분이다. 즉, 연상 외 다른 의미적 관련성이 있는 단어들이 함께 잘 떠오를 수 있으므로 학습 자료 구성 시 이러한 사항을 고려할 필요가 있다.

의미적 점화가 단순언어장애 아동의 낱말찾기에 미치는 효과

이윤경(Yoon Kyoung Lee),김영태(Young Tae Kim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2003 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.8 No.3

점화는 목표자극이 제시되기 전에 관련 자극을 미리 제시하는 것으로, 이름대기 또는 낱말찾기 연구에서 낱말의 구조화와 어휘접근(lexical access) 절차를 파악하는 주요 절차로 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 의미적 점화 효과를 중심으로 단순언어장애(SLI) 아동의 낱말찾기 문제를 어휘처리과정을 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 언어연령이 4;6-6;6세 사이의 SLI 아동 15명과 생활연령 일치 일반아동 15명, 그리고 언어연령 일치 일반아동 15명, 총 45명으로 하였다. 이름대기 과제를 실험과제로 하였으며, 목표낱말 36개와 점화낱말 72개(의미적 점화낱말 36개, 무관련 점화낱말 36개), 총 108개의 낱말을 실험자료로 사용하였다. 결과는 오반응 빈도와 오류유형의 두 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 연구결과, SLI 집단은 두 일반아동 집단과 마찬가지로 무관련 점화조건에 비해 의미적 점화조건에서 오반응률을 적게 산출하였으나 상대적으로 그 차이는 적었다. 점화조건에 따른 오류유형의 경우도 SLI 아동들은 두 일반아동 집단에 비해 점화조건 간에 기타 오류는 거의 차이가 없었으며, 의미적 오류도 차이가 적어 의미적 점화에 의한 촉진효과가 상대적으로 적었다. 이러한 결과는 SLI의 낱말찾기 문제가 어휘처리과정 중 의미처리과정과 밀접하게 관련됨을 보여준다. Word finding deficit is one of the language characteristics of children with specific language impairment(SLI). The present study was designed to compare word-finding abilities between children with SLI and normal children and to account for the word-finding problem in terms of lexical processing. Forty-five children participated in this study: 15 children with specific language impairment(SLI group) whose language age were 4;6-6;6, 15 normal children chronological-age matched with the SLI children(CA controls), and 15 normal children matched on a composite index of language age with the SLI children(LA controls). Pictures-naming task was used in two conditions to account for the lexical processing of children with SLI. The presentation of the pictures was preceded by a semantic-related priming in one condition, and a non-related priming in the other condition. Frequency and type of errors in picture naming task were analysed. The principal findings of the study were as follows: (1) The SLI group, the CA controls, and the LA controls produced less errors with semantic-related priming than non-related priming. This means that word- finding is improved by the semantic priming. (2) Error type analysis showed that in the SLI group the number of semantic errors changed less with semantic-related priming than the CA controls and the LA controls. The CA controls and the LA controls produced many more semantic errors and fewer of other of errors with semantic-related priming than non-related priming. The results of the study imply that children with SLI have difficulty in lexical processing on the semantic level.

의미 단서가 명칭실어증자의 명명하기에 미치는 영향

정지선 ( Jisun Jung ),강민구 ( Mingu Kang ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구는 명명하기과제 수행에서 단계별 의미단서가 명명하기능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 실어증지수와 유형을 일치시킨 명칭실어증 환자 33명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 명명하기과제에서 기존의 K-BNT 의미단서와 단계별 의미단서를 제공하여 3단계로 구성된 의미단서 간의 정반응 점수에 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 명칭실어증자의 명명하기에서 단계별 의미단서가 K-BNT 의미단서에 비해 이름대기 수행력이 증가하였다. 둘째, 세 단계로 구성된 단계별 의미단서간의 정반응 점수를 분석한 결과, 단계별 의미단서에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 단계별 의미단서는 명명하기 수행력 향상에 효과적이라는 것을 의미한다. 향후 다양한 낱말들의 위계성이 반영된 단계별 의미체계가 구축된다면 실어증자의 명명하기 수행력 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of step by step semantic cues on naming ability in the naming task. The analysis was conducted on 33 patients with anomic aphasia matching the aphasia quotient and type. The naming task provided the existing K-BNT semantics and step by step semantics. The difference in the positive response scores between the semantic cues composed of three stages was analyzed. As a result, first, Naming task of anomic aphasia showed improved performance in the step by step semantic cues compared with the K-BNT semantic cues. Second, An analysis of the positive response scores between the three step semantic cues showed significant differences in step by step semantic cues. Through these results, Step by step semantics cue that effective in improving naming task performance. In the future, if a step by step semantic system hierarchies of various words is established, it is thought can help improve the naming task performance of aphasia.