정치참여의 유형 비교: 수도권 시민의 관습적 정치참여와 비관습적 정치참여 분석

이재철 서강대학교 현대정치연구소 2019 현대정치연구 Vol.12 No.3

This study compares two types of political participation: conventional and unconventional political participation of voters in the metropolitan area in South Korea. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in the analysis of demographic variables, the distribution of conventional and unconventional political participation differed in age. While more than 50s were more active in conventional political participation, the 20s were more active in unconventional political participation. Second, this study found significant differences in political interest, political knowledge, internal political efficacy, political information, and party preference when comparing the active and passive groups in participation. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in external political efficacy, preference for democracy, evaluation of government, and evaluation of economic status. Third, it found that the determinants of conventional political participation and unconventional political participation were different. Political participation, political efficacy, political information, party preference, and democratic preference influenced conventional political participation. On the other hand, the determinants of unconventional political participation were political interest, party preference, and evaluation of government. 본 논문은 수도권 유권자를 중심으로 정치참여의 두 유형인 관습적 정치참여와 비관습적 정치참여에 대하여 비교 분석했다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 인구 사회 학적 변수에 따라 관습적 정치참여와 비관습적 정치참여의 분포를 살펴보면 연령에서 서로 다른 모습을 나타냈다. 관습적 정치참여에는 50대 이상이 적극적이었던 반면 비관습적 정치참 여에는 20대가 적극적이었다. 둘째, 정치참여에 적극적이었던 집단과 소극적이었던 집단을 비 교하는 경우, 정치 관심, 정치 지식, 내적 정치적 효능감, 정치 정보, 정당 선호 등에서 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 반면 외적 정치적 효능감, 민주주의 선호, 국정운영 평가, 경제상황 평가 등에서는 차이가 크지 않았다. 셋째, 정치참여의 유형에 따라 결정요인은 서로 차이가 있었다. 관습적 정치참여에는 정치 관심, 정치 효능감, 정치 정보, 정당 선호, 민주주의 선호 등이 영향 을 미쳤다. 반면 비관습적 정치참여를 결정한 요인은 정치 관심, 정당 선호, 국정운영 평가 등이었다.

정치참여 행태의 시스템 사고 분석 : 통합적 정치참여 행태에 대한 탐색적 연구

박령주 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2019 한국사회과학연구 Vol.38 No.3

A concept of political participation is a important research topic related with communication between political stakeholders and citizen in the representative democracy system. But a concept of political participation extremely varies because of diversity on researcher's interest. As a result, political participation behavior is hard to define a comprehensive meaning. But yet political participation is a very important research theme related with the establishment and enforcement of policies in the political communication research. The purpose of this paper is to understand the overall a political participation system, diagnose problems and find solutions by establishing a casual relationship among the variables of a political participation and analyzing a dynamic structure. Using casual loop analysis which is based on systematic thinking, not only analyzed the pattern of conventional political participation and unconventional political participation, but also attempted to draw new political implications from the analysis of the integrated casual loops. Summarizes the results of the research, political distrust and political participation has interactional relationship. It suggests that social media can serve as a channel to political participation if those can bring the positive interest and experience associated with conventional political participation. Based on the analysis, results tried to suggest some implications for a future political participation research and political stability and development in Korea. 정치참여에 대한 기존의 연구들은 연구의 영역과 방법론에서의 괄목할만한 성장에도 불구하고 관습적 정치참여와 비관습적 정치참여로 구분된다는 아쉬움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 아쉬움을 보완하기 위하여 관습적 정치참여와 비관습적 정치참여를 통합적으로 바라보는 인과지도의 분석을 시도하였다. 이는 시스템 사고적 관점에서 정치참여의 행태를 이해하고, 기존의 연구들에서 제기되었던 해석을 보완하고자 하는 목적을 가진다. 연구의 결과, 정치참여 행태의 통합적인 인과지도를 통해 정치 불신과 관습적 정치참여 사이의 인과관계가 도출되었다. 이는 기존에 비관습적인 정치참여를 강화시킨다고 이해했던 소셜 미디어 이용 행위도 관습적인 정치참여와 연관한 긍정적인 관심과 경험으로 이어줄 수 있다면 관습적 정치참여를 강화시킬 수 있는 채널로 기능함을 시사한다.

Political Participation Based on the Learning Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Policy in Dental Hygiene Students

Su-Kyung Park,Da-Yee Jeung 한국치위생과학회 2023 치위생과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Background: To investigate political participation by dental hygiene students and analyze the differences therein based on the learning efficacy of dental hygiene policy.Methods: A total of 239 dental hygiene students who were expected to graduate responded to the survey. The data were collected online using a structured questionnaire consisting of 6 items on general characteristics, 10 on political participation, and 15 on the learning efficacy of dental hygiene policy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Political participation based on the learning efficacy of dental hygiene policy was analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis (p< 0.05). Results: Among the dental hygiene students, 60.7% voted in all three recent presidential, general, and local elections, and 14.2% did not. For political parties supported, 65.7% responded that they had “no supporting party,” and 34.3% indicated that they had a “supporting party.” In terms of the level of political participation of dental hygiene students (0∼50 points), the average score was 25.8 points, with the average passive political participation (0∼25 points) score at 15.6 points and the average active political participation (0∼25 points) score at 10.2 points. With an increase in dental hygiene policy learning efficacy, both passive and active political participation showed higher scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental hygiene students showed low political participation. The presence of a supporting party, higher voting participation, and higher learning efficacy of dental hygiene policy were associated with higher passive and active political participation. Therefore, to increase this population’s interest in political participation, various opportunities for related learning need to be promoted and provided in academia, leading to the enhancement of their political capabilities. In this manner, dental hygienists should expand their capabilities in various roles such as advocates, policy makers, and leaders.

정치참여에 대한 두 가지 관점 고찰

김영인 ( Kim Yeong In ) 한국사회과교육학회 2003 시민교육연구 Vol.35 No.1

Political participation in this study is defined as electing public servants and political candidates and a participation in the decision-making processes of public policies and/or executions in various fields including civic arena and at work. Democracy can be classified as participatory democracy and elite democracy depending on the view about political participation. These two views are widely different on the `nature of democracy and political participation,` `the political rationality of human beings and political participation,` and the `effects of political participation. `The main difference, however, can be summarized as the possibility of change of citizens through political participation, or the civic educational effects of political participation. The diverse views on the civic educational effect of political participation can be classified into positive and negative ones. The positive views include participatory democracy, experience-based education, and constructivism education. The negative views include the elite democracy and subject based education, and they claim that political participation does not enhance civil life. This view, however, seems a little too extreme based on our long observations of the effects of experience-based education and constructivism education. It seems certain that political participation changes human lives, although we recognize that there is a difference the speed with which people change. This study regards the participatory democratic view of political participation and the positive view on the civic educational effect of political participation as appropriate. People in the civic education and social studies will obtain theoretical explanation of necessity for political participation from this study. They will also recognize the value of participatory learning through this study.

청소년 정치참여 활성화 방안 탐색을 위한 질적 연구 : 청소년 정치참여 경험을 중심으로

박지숙,최정원,이인영 인하대학교 교육연구소 2024 교육문화연구 Vol.30 No.3

2019년 공직선거법 개정을 시작으로 청소년의 정치참여 권리는 지난 몇 년 사이 괄목할 만한 수준으로 성장하였다. 청소년 참정권 확대를 통해 더 많은 청소년이 우리 사회의 공적 의사결정에 참여하고 권리를 주장할 수 있게 됐다는점에서 고무적인 변화가 아닐 수 없다. 그러나 청소년의 정치적 기본권 신장을 위한 노력은 계속돼야 한다. 우리사회가 청소년의 시민적 지위를 인정하고 청소년이 정당한 성원으로 존재하는 모든 수준의 공동체에서 이루어지는의사결정과 집행 과정에 이들이 차별 없이 개입할 수 있는 환경이 담보될 때 비로소 청소년에게도 민주시민으로서당연히 누려야 할 보편적 정치적 기본권이 보장되기 때문이다. 이러한 문제 인식을 토대로 본 연구는 학교 안팎에서정치참여 활동을 하고 있거나 경력이 있는 청소년 집단 대상의 초점집단인터뷰를 통해 이들의 정치참여 경험을질적으로 탐구하였고, 청소년 정치참여 활성화를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 먼저, 청소년 정치참여를 활성화하기위해 법‧제도 개선, 정치참여 관련 학습 참여 기회 및 정치참여 경로 확대 등 많은 지원이 이루어지고 있지만, 청소년정치참여에 대한 사회적 인식은 여전히 긍정적이지 않다. 제도적 선언을 넘어 청소년 정치참여에 대한 사회적 합의를바탕으로 한 긍정적 문화 조성이 필요하다. 둘째, 청소년 정치참여 활성화를 위한 학교 안팎에서의 형식, 비형식, 무형식 학습이 체계적이고 내실 있게 구현돼야 한다. 방향성, 전문성, 일관성이 결여된 정치교육은 오히려 정치참여에대한 청소년의 관심과 참여 의지를 떨어뜨리는 역효과를 초래한다. 끝으로 학교 안팎에서 운영되고 있는 다양한청소년 참여기구에 대한 인지도 및 관심 제고와 더불어 청소년의 정치참여 활동 과정과 결과를 청소년들의 역량으로인정해 줄 수 있는 사회적 장치가 필요하다. Since the amendment of the Public Official Election Act in 2019, the rights of youth to participate in politics have grown remarkably over the past few years. It is encouraging that more young people can now participate in public decision-making and assert their rights in our society. However, efforts to enhance the political basic rights of youth must continue. Only when our society recognizes the civic status of youth and ensures an environment where they can engage without discrimination in decision-making and execution processes at all levels of communities will the universal political basic rights that youth deserve as democratic citizens be guaranteed. Based on this understanding, this study qualitatively explored the political participation experiences of a group of young people who are currently or have previously been involved in political participation activities inside and outside of school through focus group interviews. The study derived implications for promoting youth political participation. Firstly, despite numerous supports, such as legal and institutional improvements, increased opportunities for political participation-related learning, and expanded pathways for political participation, the social perception of youth political participation remains largely negative. Beyond institutional declarations, there is a need for a positive cultural foundation based on social consensus regarding youth political participation. Secondly, systematic and substantial implementation of formal, non-formal, and informal learning inside and outside of school is essential for promoting youth political participation. Political education lacking direction, expertise, and consistency may lead to decreased interest and willingness among youth to participate in politics, resulting in adverse effects. Lastly, in addition to raising awareness and interest in various youth participation organizations operating inside and outside of school, social mechanisms that recognize the processes and outcomes of youth political participation activities as the capabilities of the youth themselves are necessary.

정보화 시대의 여성 정치참여 : 행동하는 여성의 등장?

송경재 세종연구소 2014 국가전략 Vol.20 No.4

This paper is aimed at analyzing what influence of ICT, especially SNS(Social Network Services or Social Networking Sites), has on women's political participation as a tool of political participation in the information age. First, this paper is intending to do research on the difference in distribution route in political information between men and women using email questionnaire survey data. Second, this paper is going to analyze whether there is a difference in the level of political concern by gender and political participation type by doing operational definition of ICT application ability as SNS use and by extracting the group using the SNS more than average twice. Third, this paper is to look into what the participating variables are by women's type of political participation. Through the aforementioned research process, this paper suggested the meaning and implications of Korean women's behavior of political participation. As a result of analysis, it was found that women are using more Internet community and social media like SNS as a political information distribution route in comparison with men; in addition, as for political participation, women were found to be more aggressive not only in conventional political participation but also in unconventional political participation than men. As regards such results, this researcher is going to define political participation of the women, who are familiar with informatization, as ‘political participation of the women who commit an act.’ 본 연구는 지구적 정보화 환경에서 국가내의 집단적인 정치참여의 도구로서 ICT 특히 SNS(Social Network Services or Social Networking Sites)가 여성의 정치참여에 어떤 영향이 있는지를 분석하고자 한다. 세부적으로, 첫째, 설문조사 데이터를 활용하여 가장 낮은 수준의 정치참여 층위로서 남성과 여성 간의 정치정보의 유통경로의 차이에 대해서 살펴보고 그 의미에 대해서 분석한다. 둘째, ICT활용 능력을 SNS 사용으로 조작화하여 이를 평균 이상으로 사용하는 집단을 2차 추출하여 성별 정치적 관심도와 유형별 정치참여의 차이가 있는지를 분석할 것이다. 셋째, 여성의 다양한 정치참여 유형별 참여 요인은 무엇인지를 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 도출된 결과를 요약하고 이를 바탕으로 한국 여성들의 정치참여 행태의 의미와 함의에 대해 논하도록 하겠다. 계량적인 분석결과, 여성은 남성에 비해 정치정보 유통의 경로가 인터넷 커뮤니티나 SNS 등의 소셜 미디어 등을 더 많이 이용하고 있으며, 정치참여 역시 관습적인 정치참여도 활발하지만 비관습적인 정치참여에 더욱 적극적인 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과에 대해 연구자는 정보화에 친숙한 여성의 정치참여를 ‘행동하는 여성 정치참여’로 규정하고자 한다.

Youth participation in Democratic Politics: Impediments and prospects

Balaganapathi Devarakonda,Nidhi Jarwal 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2022 남아시아연구 Vol.27 No.4

Democracy is the most preferred form of government in the contemporary world as it facilitates citizens' active political participation, which is considered its strength. The fundamental definition of democracy, "the rule of people," highlights that every citizen, irrespective of social, gender, or cultural differences, is both the ruler and the ruled simultaneously. One of the significant segments of the population of every democratic state is its youth. As youth is considered the country’s future, possessing a substantial segment of youth is ideal for a vibrant, dynamic, and developed country. Today youth is doing wonders in most fields like sports, entrepreneurship, information technology, administration, and so on, but remain underrepresented in politics in many world countries. Therefore, this paper analyses the place of youth at different forms of political participation in democracy as they represent the future of national and global politics. The paper aims to study the value of youth in the politics of democratic states and to estimate the hurdles in their political participation, such as individual obstacles, social and cultural concerns, problems of political institutions, and issues of civic education. To make a long-term difference, young people should have adequate representation in political institutions, processes, and decision making. The methodologies that this paper adopts are analytical and exploratory in assessing the place of youth in political participation and explicating the causes for their underrepresentation in politics. It provides a citizen's perspective to understanding politics and political participation in democracy. It assesses various forms of political participation and analyses youth participation in them. The basic argument of this paper is youth is indifferent and apathetic to politics. They are not involved in formal political participation, so they are absent in formal politics, political institutions, and decision-making. The need to make youth aware of their rights and duties and improve their representation in politics in a meaningful way is stressed in the discussion. The research questions for this paper are: What are youth's place and role in political participation? Are young people indifferent to politics? Why do young people not get opportunities to be involved in formal politics? What are the reasons for the underrepresentation of youth in politics? This study responds to these questions and provides some suggestions to improve the political participation of youth in democracy. This paper is structured in three sections. The first discusses ‘the meaning, role, and forms of political participation,’ and the second, with ‘youth and political participation’ to analyse the place of youth in politics and discuss reasons for improving the same. The paper’s third section deals with the obstacles youth face in political participation, followed by a conclusion that provides suggestions for strengthening youth participation in democracy.

ДЕМОКРАТИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫБОРА И УЧАСТИЯ

누림베토바 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2012 외국학연구 Vol.- No.20

Therefore studies of formation of democratical participation structure in Kazakhstan is the vital issue of the country’s political science. The level of the political participation achieved during Soviet times was extremely high by its own quantitative indices, but the nature of such participation is totally different from the democratic participation. Political life in modern Kazakhstan demonstrates the reality in which the rest of rotten communist system and the first fruit of political democratization are in complex combination. In this connection, the aim of the work is to examine and give complex analysis of problems of political participation of citizens in the context of Kazakhstan society modernization. The object of the research is participation of Kazakhstan citizens in socio-political, electoral processes taking place in modern Kazakhstan society, which are examined in the frames of world studies of various forms of political participation of citizens. The author demonstrates the influence of political regime on political participation based on cross-temporal comparison. The work demonstrates facts that political participation plays a significant role in political modernization of Kazakhstan. The process of formation of political structure participation in Kazakhstanin the context of competitor mobilization are analyzed. The influence of electoral system on the nature of participation of citizens in elections are examined on the basis of statistical method and regional comparison. Political parties and independent governmental organizations are examined as organized forms of political participation, and the main part is assigned to the parties and their interrelations in determination of mechanism in political participation of Kazakhstan citizens.

청소년 정치참여 활성화를 위한 실천중심 기능학습의 필요성 -사회과교육에서의 청소년 정치참여 연구동향을 기반으로-

이윤주 ( Yun Joo Lee ) 한국사회과교육학회 2015 시민교육연구 Vol.47 No.2

Can a person participate in politics when that person becomes old enough to vote? Youth co-exist with adult political activities and have a longing to participate in politics and to complain about what politicians do. In addition there is a longing for youth participation in politics. But so far, political participation has mostly been limited to the elections and focused on demonstration and protest. Elections require a certain age and the protests and demonstrations have a strong anti-government, anti-social character. This character makes it difficult for adolescents to participate in politics or further their political education. Meanwhile, academic studies of the political dimension of youth participation activities have been made across various sectors. But as far as the real youth activities for political participation around behavioral practice are concerned, the concept has been defined by a mix of social participation and political participation. In addition, previous studies have a common perspective on the role as a tool for strengthening the political attitudes and political participation to be done in adulthood, rather than as a tool for analyzing the political participation of youth. But discussing the political participation levels in youth and adults using the same criteria makes it difficult to present the practical implications of political participation. Therefore, the characteristics of the process and its definition of the political participation of young people specifically are necessary. This research defines and concentrates on the unique characteristics of the voluntary and practical policy making level of young people and all other comprehensive activities that can be defined as political participation. Therefore, in this study, youth political participation is defined to be the ‘most teenagers set to influence the youth in public policy or administrative proceedings is the principal enemy practice behavior.’ In addition, this study focuses on communication networks created from youth political participation, considering the collective decision-making characteristics of young people participating in politics.

인터넷 정치참여 요인에 관한 탐색적 연구

안명규(Myoung-Gyu Ahn),류정호(Jung-Ho Ryu) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2007 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 인터넷을 매개로 한 정치참여가 아니라 인터넷 상에서 이루어지는 정치참여로 연구범위를 한정하고, 인터넷 정치참여를 이용자 개인적 차원의 정치심리 변수와 퍼트남의 사회적 자본의 개념을 차용한 ‘인터넷 사회자본’ (e-social capital)을 중심으로 그 관계성을 검토함으로써 인터넷 정치참여 결정요인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 정치심리 변수로는 탈물질적 가치 (post-material value), 자아강도(personality strength), 정치효능감(sense of political efficacy), 정치만족도 (political satisfaction)이며, 인터넷 사회자본의 구성요소는 인터넷상의 네트워크 호혜성을 바탕으로 한 인터넷 규범, 그리고 인터넷매체 및 인터넷에서 접하는 정보와 만나는 사람들에 대한 신뢰로 구성된다. 그리고 정치참여는 정치 관련 정보를 찾아 읽고 학습하는 인지적 참여와 토론방 등에서 자신의 의사를 표현하는 등의 행위적 참여로 구분하였다. 연구결과 인지적 정치참여에는 4가지 정치심리 변수 및 규범과 신뢰가 주요 변수로 나타났으며, 행위적 정치참여에는 정치효능감, 정치만족도 그리고 규범, 신뢰가 유의미한 변수로 밝혀졌다. 또한 정치효능감과 신뢰가 인터넷 정치참여에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로 규명되었다. This study explores the relationship between Internet political participation and e-r social capital, derived from Putnam's Social Capital theory, and aims to analyze critical factors that lead people to online political participation. In this study, the political- psychology variables includes post - material value, personality strength, political efficacy and political satisfaction, while e - Social Capital comprises of online network, online norms based on mutual benefits, and trust on online information and people who met online. Also, political participation is divided into two categories, namely cognitive participation and behavioral participation. Cognitive participation implies that participants are active in searching, reading and studying related information, and behavioral participation means that participants are active in expressing their opinion though discussion room. The result of the study shows that 4 political-psychological factors, norm and trust were significant factors for cognitive participation. Also, political efficacy, political satisfaction and norm, trust were significantly related to behavioral participation, while political efficacy and trust influence on political participation the most