동적 신장 신티그래피 검사 시 사용되는 Gates 법과 Modified Gates 법의 사구체 여과율 비교에 관한 고찰

함준철,반영각,박민수,조석원,임한상,김재삼,이창호,Ham, Jun-Cheol,Bahn, Young-Kag,Park, Min-Soo,Cho, Seok-Won,Lim, Han-Sang,Kim, Jae-Sam,Lee, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.1

사구체 여과율은 신기능의 평가 및 신 질환의 조기 발견 및 만성 신 질환 환자의 경과 관찰에 중요한 지표가 된다. 본 연구에서는 동적 신장 신티그래피의 Gates법과 Modified Gates법을 채혈을 이용한 MDRD법 공식을 기준으로 그 차이를 비교, 분석하고자 한다. 2010년 11월부터 2011년 8월까지 본원에 내원하여 신장 신티그래피 검사를 시행한 45명의 환자를 대상으로 시행하였다. 이 중 20명의 환자는 AGUS(Philips Medical System, Cleveland, OH, USA) 장비의 Gates법과 MDRD법(Modification of Diet Renal Disease) 공식에 의한 사구체 여과율 값을 비교하였으며, 20명의 환자는 INFINIA (General Electric Healthcare, Wisconsin, MI, USA) 장비의 Modified Gates법과 MDRD법 공식에 의한 사구체 여과율 값을 비교하였다. 마지막으로 경과 관찰 시 MDRD법 공식에 의한 사구체 여과율 변화가 없는 환자 5명을 대상으로 Gates법과 Modified Gates법을 비교하였다. Gates법과 Modified Gates법 모두 MDRD법 공식에 의한 사구체 여과율 값과 높은 상관 관계를 보였으며($p$<0.01, r=0.903, r=0.867), Gates법의 대응 차 평균은 $2.05{\pm}2.54mL/min/1.73m^2$로 나타났고, Modified Gates법의 대응 차 평균은 $25.2{\pm}3.71mL/min/1.73m^2$로 나타났다. 마지막으로 5명의 환자에서 실시된 Gates법과 Modified Gates법의 비교는 높은 상관 관계를 보였으며($p$<0.05, r=0.949), 대응 차 평균은 $20.4{\pm}8.84mL/min/1.73m^2$ 로 나타났다. Gates법과 Modified Gates법 및 MDRD법 공식에 의한 사구체 여과율 값은 서로 높은 상관 관계를 보였다. 동적 신장 신티그래피 검사 시 사용되는 Gates법과 Modified Gates법의 상관 관계를 인지하고 검사를 진행 한다면, 진단능을 향상시켜 정확한 신기능의 평가가 이루어질 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Glomerular filtration rate is an important index for assessment of renal function, early discovery of renal disease, and progress observation of chronic renal disease patients. In the present study, the objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of differences between Gates and Modified Gates method in dynamic renal scintigraphy based on MDRD (Modification of Diet Renal Disease) formula using blood collection. Materials and Methods: Renal scintigraphy was performed for 45 patients who visited our hospital between November 2010 and August 2011. For 20 patients of those tested, glomerular filtration rates from Gates method and MDRD formula using AGUS equipment, were compared. For the other 20 patients, glomerular filtration rates from Modified Gates method and MDRD formula using INFINIA equipment. Finally, Gates and Modified Gates method were compared for 5 patients who indicated no change in glomerular filtration rates from MDRD formula during progress observation. Results: Glomerular filtration rates from both Gates and Modified Gates method showed a high correlation with those from MDRD formula ($p$<0.01, r=0.903, r=0.867), with a paired difference mean for Gates method of $2.05{\pm}2.54mL/min/1.73m$, and that for Modified Gates method of $25.2{\pm}3.71mL/min/1.73m$. Finally, the values for Gates method and those for Modified Gates method showed a high correlation for the five patients ($p$<0.05, r=0.949), with a paired difference mean of $20.4{\pm}8.84mL/min/1.73m$. Conclusion: Glomerular filtration rates from Gates method, Modified Gates method and MDRD formula showed mutually high correlations. If the tests are performed with recognition for the correlations between Gates and Modified Gates method used in a dynamic renal scintigraphy, then an accurate assessment of renal function is considered possible with an improved diagnostic ability.

Comparison of results between modified-Angoff and bookmark methods for estimating cut score of the Korean medical licensing examination

Mikyoung Yim 한국의학교육학회 2018 Korean journal of medical education Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply alternative standard setting methods for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE), a criterion-referenced written examination, and to compare them to the conventional cut score used on the KMLE. Methods: The process and results of criterion-referenced standard settings (i.e., the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods) were evaluated. The ratio of passing and failing examinees determined using these alternative standard setting methods was compared to the results of the conventional criteria. Additionally, the external, internal and procedural evaluation of these methods were reviewed. Results: The modified-Angoff method yielded the highest cut score, followed sequentially by the conventional method and the bookmark method. The classification agreement between the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods was 0.720 measured by Cohen’s κ coefficient. The intra-panelist classification consistency of modified-Angoff method was higher than bookmark method. However, the inter-panelist classification consistency was vice versa. The standard setting panelists’ survey results showed that the procedures of both methods were satisfactory, but panelists had more confidence in the results of the modified-Angoff method. Conclusion: The modified-Angoff method showed results that were more similar to those of the conventional method. Both new methods showed very high concordance with the conventional method, as well as with each other. The modified-Angoff method was considered feasible for adoption on the KMLE. The standard setting panelists responded positively to the modified-Angoff method in terms of its practical applicability, despite certain advantages of the bookmark method.

견봉쇄골 관절탈구의 수술적 치료의 비교 : Comparative Study Between Modified Phemister Method and Weaver and Dunn Method

정형진,김동수,안종국,정병현,성열보,김동수,권칠수 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

견봉쇄골 관절탈구의 치료방법으로 여러 가지 수술적 방법과 보전적 방법이 소개되어 왔으나 아직도 논란의 대상이 되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 1993년 3월부터 1997년 5월까지 인제대학 부속 상계백병원 정형외과에서 견봉쇄골 관절탈구에 주로 사용된 수술적 방법인 modified Phemister 방법과 Wever and Dunn 방법 사이의 임상적 결과를 비교분석하여 보고 하고자 한다. There has been considerable controversy as to the treatment of dislocation of the acromiocavicular joint. Also various operative treatment have been suggested. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical result between modified Phemister method and Weaver and Dunn method in treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation. The authors analysed the radiological & clinical results of 27 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation, in whom 15 patients were treated by modified Phemister method and 12 patients were treated by Weaver and Dunn method. The patient were treated from February 1993 to May 1997 at Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, They were followed up more than 12 months. The results were at follows : 1.The differance of coracoclavicular distance compared with normal side after operation was 1.30±0.24 in modified Phemister method and 1.31±0.27 in weaver and Dunn method. And these difference were not changed at follow up significantly. 2.The complications were one pin migration, one posttraumatic arthritis and two upward displacement of clavicle in modified Phemister method and one upward displacement of clavicle and one heterotropic ossification in Weaver and Dunn method. 3.Clinical results shows that good or fair in 13 cases(87%) after modified Phemister method and good and fair in all cases after Weaver and Dunn method. In conclusions, there were no significant difference of results regarding the difference two methods.

THE USE OF ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING NAVEIR-STOKES EQUATION

Behzadi, Shadan Sadigh,Fariborzi Araghi, Mohammad Ali The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.1

In this paper, a Naveir-Stokes equation is solved by using the Adomian's decomposition method (ADM), modified Adomian's decomposition method (MADM), variational iteration method (VIM), modified variational iteration method (MVIM), modified homotopy perturbation method (MHPM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM). The approximate solution of this equation is calculated in the form of series which its components are computed by applying a recursive relation. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and the convergence of the proposed methods are proved. A numerical example is studied to demonstrate the accuracy of the presented methods.

The use of iterative methods for solving Naveir-Stokes equation

Shadan Sadigh Behzadi,Mohammad Ali Fariborzi Araghi 한국전산응용수학회 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.1

In this paper, a Naveir-Stokes equation is solved by using the Adomian's decomposition method (ADM) , modified Adomian's decomposition method (MADM), variational iteration method (VIM),modified variational iteration method (MVIM), modified homotopy perturbation method (MHPM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM). The approximate solution of this equation is calculated in the form of series which its components are computed by applying a recursive relation. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and the convergence of the proposed methods are proved. A numerical example is studied to demonstrate the accuracy of the presented methods.

서울아산병원의 적혈구 표지 방법에서 교반 시간 차이에 따른 표지 효율의 분석

정은미,정우영,류재광,심동오,이영희,Chung, Eun-Mi,Jung, Woo-Young,Ryu, Jae-Kwang,Shim, Dong-Oh,Lee, Yeong-Hee 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: In our nuclear medicine department, we suggested AMC RBC labeling method improved by modifying a part of existing modified in-vitro method to raise the efficiency of $^{99m}Tc$-RBC labeling. However, it needs to be more additional time and efforts than existing modified in-vitro method because the AMC RBC labeling method has to carry out the centrifugal separation process for 3~5 minutes. Therefore, in this study, we conducted researches to aim to maintain stable labeling effects and supplement a problem about additional time by reducing rotating time when labeling $^{99m}Tc$-RBC. Materials and Methods: This research has been conducted the object of 30 patients who examined study using $^{99m}Tc$-RBC and agreed to this research at our hospital from May 2009 to September 2009. We made 4 blood samples which consisted of ACD 1 cc along with 5 cc blood from each patient and used the AMC RBC labeling method. At this moment, each labeling efficiency was calculated by different rotating time 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min and then we compared differences. Results: As a result, When comparing the $^{99m}Tc$-RBC labeling method efficiency by using the AMC RBC labeling method which differents from rotating time, each labeling efficiency were $92.3{\pm}5.0%$ in 5 min, $95.9{\pm}5.0%$ in 10 min, $97.4{\pm}4.9%$ in 15 min and $97.7{\pm}4.8%$ in 20 min. We analyzed differences of the labeling efficiency from change of rotating time by using an one-way ANOVA and verified that in Duncan method. There was relatively efficiency low in 5min rotating time and no statistically significant change in over. Conclusions: When comparing a existing method, the AMC RBC labeling method which goes through the centrifugal separation process again offers more favorable condition to combine RBC with $^{99m}TcO4^-$ by eliminating an plasma ingredient. When using the modified in-vitro method, we have almost 20 min to rotate to acquire stable labeling efficiency. But, when using the AMC RBC labeling method, we acquire labeling efficiency well what we want within only 10 min to rotate. Decrease of rotating time can complement the AMC RBC labeling method which goes through the centrifugal separation process again and also provide more rapid study such as G-I bleeding study due to fast labeling. 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서는 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC의 표지 효율을 높이기 위한 방법으로 기존의 변형 체외 표지 방법(modified in-vitro)의 일부를 변형하여 개선시킨 AMC 적혈구 표지 방법을 제시한 바 있다. 그러나 AMC 적혈구 표지 방법은 3-5분의 원심분리 과정을 한 번 더 시행함으로써 기존의 변형체외 표지 방법보다 추가적인 노력과 시간을 필요로 한다. 이에 본 연구는 AMC 적혈구 표지 방법을 통한 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC표지 시 교반 시간을 줄임으로써 추가 시간 소요의 문제점을 보완하고 안정적인 표지 효율을 유지하는 것에 목적을 두고 연구를 시행하였다. 2009년 5월부터 9월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC를 사용하여 검사받은 환자를 무작위로 선정하여 실험 참여에 동의한 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자당 1 cc의 ACD에 5 cc의 혈액을 채취하여 4개의 혈액 샘플을 만들었으며, AMC적혈구 표지 방법을 사용하여 표지를 진행하였다. 이때 교반시간을 5분, 10분, 15분, 20분으로 다르게 하여 각각의 표지효율을 산출하였고 그에 따른 차이를 비교하였다. AMC 적혈구 표지 방법을 사용하여 교반 시간 차이에 따른 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC 표지 효율을 비교한 결과, 각각의 표지 효율은 5분에서 $92.3{\pm}5.0%$, 10분에서 $95.9{\pm}5.0%$, 15분에서 $97.4{\pm}4.9%$, 20분에서 $97.7{\pm}4.8%$였다. 일원분산분석(One- Way ANOVA)을 사용하여 교반 시간 변화에 따른 표지 효율의 차이를 분석하고, Duncan 방법으로 사후 검증하였다. 5분의 교반 시간에서는 표지 효율이 상대적으로 낮았으며, 그 이상에서의 표지 효율은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. AMC 적혈구 표지 방법은 기존의 변형 표지 방법과 비교할 때 원심분리 과정을 한 번 더 거쳐 혈장 성분을 제거함으로써 RBC가 $^{99m}TcO4^-$와 결합하는 데 더 유리한 환경을 제공할 수 있다. 변형 체외 표지 방법을 사용할 경우 20분 정도의 교반 시간을 주어야 안정적인 표지 효율을 획득할 수 있는 반면, AMC 적혈구 표지 방법을 적용할 경우 교반 시간을 10분만 시행하여도 해당 검사에서 원하는 충분한 표지효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 교반 시간의 감소는 원심 분리 과정을 한 번 더 거쳐야 하는 AMC 적혈구 표지 방법을 보완할 수 있으며, 보다 빠른 시간 내에 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC의 표지를 가능하게 하여 G-I bleeding과 같은 응급 환자에게 좀 더 빠른 검사를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Modified one-element method for exact dynamic responses of a beam by using the frequency domain spectral element method

Kim, Taehyun,Lee, Usik Pergamon Press 2016 International journal of mechanical sciences Vol.119 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the spectral element method (SEM), there are two ways to deal with external loads applied to a structure member. One way is to represent the structure member as a single finite element subjected to effective nodal forces and moments at two end-nodes of the finite element, which is called the “one-element method” (OEM). The other way is to represent the structure member as two finite elements, with consideration of the external loads as nodal forces and moments applied at the joint node (i.e., the excitation point), which is called the “two-element method” (TEM). The OEM does not require the assembly of finite elements, but in general provides poor dynamic responses. On the other hand, the TEM requires the assembly of finite elements, but always provides exact dynamic responses. Based on this intrinsic exactness of the TEM, a new SEM-based solution technique called the “modified one-element method” (MOEM) is proposed. The MOEM is developed by analytically transforming the SEM-based two-element model into the form of the SEM-based one-element model and it can provide exact dynamic responses without the assembly of finite elements. Through numerical simulations, the accuracy of the OEM, TEM, and MOEM is evaluated.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Presented a new solution method for exact solutions by the spectral element method. </LI> <LI> Developed a modified one-element method (MOEM) as the new solution method. </LI> <LI> The exact MOEM results are obtained by adding correction terms to the OEM results. </LI> <LI> Verified the exactness of the proposed MOEM via numerical examples. </LI> </UL> </P>

회전법과 변형스틸맨법의 치면세균막 감소 효과 비교

한예슬 ( Ye Seul Han ),임순연 ( Soon Ryun Lim ),조영식 ( Young Sik Cho ) 한국치위생과학회 2012 치위생과학회지 Vol.12 No.6

본 연구는 회전법과 변형 스틸맨법간의 치면세균막 감소 효과를 비교하기 위하여 천안 소재 대학교 31명의 대학생을 대상으로 무작위 배정한 순수실험을 설계하여 치면세균막관리프로그램을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 중재 전후에 따른 각 잇솔질의 치면세균막 관리를 비교한 결과 중재 전에 측정한 SPS Score와 □R30에서 두 잇솔질 방법간의 차이는 나타났으나(p<0.05), 나머지 측정값들과 중재 후의 측정값에서 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 각 잇솔질 방법에 따른 중재 전 후의 치면세균막 관리를 비교한 결과 PCR, QLF-PCR, □R30, □R60j에서 회전법과 변형 스틸맨법 집단은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 또한, 회전법보다 변형 스틸맨법 집단에서 치면세균막 지수는 더 큰 감소를 보였고,잇솔질 교육 중재를 실행한 후 치면세균막 지수가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. PCR과 QLFD 촬영 측정값의 관계에서 PCR과 육안검사 QLF-PCR의 관계, SPS Score와 그 하위 척도 □R값들의 상관관계는 보였으나, PCR와 QLF값의 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 회전법과 변형스틸맨법의 치면세균막 관리 효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나, 회전법보다 변형 스틸맨법 집단에서 치면세균막 감소차이는 더 큰 것으로 확인되었고, 잇솔질 교육을 샐행함으로써 치면세균막 지수가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to use basic data of dental hygiene curriculum by comparing the rolling method and modified stillman method. Plaque measurement method, Q-ray examination of the clinical utilization value shall review. True experimental design is randomized controlled trial to the intervention group and the control group. Measurements are plaque control record (PCR; O`Leary index) measurements and Quantitative Light induced fluorescnece Digital (QLFD) shooting as a pre-test was conducted. Intervention group is modified stillman method, control group is rolling method. Intervention after 5 weeks, PCR measurement and QLFD shooting was carried out as a post-test. Rolling method and modified stillman method plaque reduction did not differ. Intervention before and after the results of the comparison showed reduced plaque score after brushing law education. Also, Plaque reduction differences were more pronounced modified stillman method than rolling method. PCR and QLFD values of the correlation was not confirmed but SPS Score and the lower value of the ΔR value of the correlation. Plaque of maturity tooth that are not observed visually.

상수도 노후도 평가를 위한 수정 간접평가법

권혁재 한국수자원학회 2023 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.56 No.11

본 연구에서는 부식에 의한 관두께 감소를 예측하여 수정 간접평가법을 개발하였다. 수정 평가법과 직접평가법과 비교를 통해 노후상수관을 선정함에 있어 정확도를 확인하였다. 가중치 조정은 기존 평가항목의 중요도에 따라 수질부식성, 토양부식성, 매설깊이, 도로형태의 가중치를 낮추고 관두께의 가중치를 추가하는 방법으로 가중치를 산정하였고 그 결과 관두께의 가중치는 0.1530으로 결정하였다. 직접평가법과 비교한 결과 기존 간접평가법에 비해 수정 간접평가법의 정확도가 31.03% 상승한 것으로 분석되었다. 수정 간접평가법을 통해 노후 상수관의 개량 우선순위 선정시 기존 간접평가법보다 정확하고 효율적으로 노후관을 선정할 수 있을 것이다. In this study, a modified indirect evaluation method was developed to predict the deterioration level of water pipes. The accuracy of the modified method was verified by comparing it with the direct method. The weights of index were adjusted by reducing the weight of water quality corrosion, soil corrosion, lay depth and road type according to the importance of the existing evaluation factors and adding the weight of pipe thickness. In the results, the weight of pipe thickness was determined to be 0.1530. Comparing with the direct evaluation method, the accuracy of the modified indirect evaluation method increased by 31.03% compared to the indirect evaluation method. The modified indirect evaluation method will be able to select relatively old pipes more accurately and efficiently than the existing indirect evaluation method when prioritizing the improvement of old water pipes.

Cure Kinetics of Low-Molar-Ratio Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Nanoclay Using Different Kinetic Methods

( Eko Setio Wibowo ),( Byung-dae Park ) 한국목재공학회 2019 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

This study reports cure kinetics of low-molar-ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins modified with a transition metal ion modified bentonite (TMI-BNT) nanoclay using different kinetic analysis methods to understand the effect of TMI-BNT on the thermal curing behaviors of these modified resins. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the kinetic parameters using two types of kinetic methods, such as model-fitting (MF) method which consist of the Kissinger, the nth-order and autocatalytic method and the model-free kinetics (MFK) method which consist of Friedman (FR), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method. Among all kinetic methods, Kissinger, FWO and KAS method gave the best fit to explain the resins curing behavior, as showed that in general the activation energy (Eα) decreased as the TMI-BNT content increased, indicating a cure acceleration by TMI-BNT addition. It was explained that the proton released by the intercalation of linear oligomers of UF resins with TMI-BNT was the main cause of facilitating the condensation reaction.