사회과 통합의 기초: 역사적 접근을 통한 새로운 토대 형성

이태성 한국사회교과교육학회 2019 사회과교육연구 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study is to derive a new foundation for the integration of social studies through the historical perspective of the discussion on integrated social studies. For this aim, first, the arguments for the integration of social studies are reviewed and the complexity of discussing the integration of social studies has been revealed by summarizing the mixture of terms that refer to integration in social studies such as ‘convergence’ and ‘consilience’ which have been highlighted recently. Next, the cases that aimed to integrate in the history of social studies were selected, and the meaning of each attempt was reinterpreted. Based on the analysis of the situation and context of the time, the POD course proposed in the 1916 report was evaluated as ‘a prototype of integration’, the STS education as ‘a challenge of integration’, and the strand proposed by NCSS in 1994 as ‘a compromise of integration’. Finally, by combining the features found in the history of integration on social studies, a new foundation was suggested in terms of ‘a purpose of the integration’, ‘a perspective of the integration’, and ‘a method of the integration’. The fragmented and integrated curriculum could be compromised based on the goal of ‘citizenship education’ and it is necessary to view the integration from the microscopic level of learning experiences beyond the curricular integration. Furthermore, it proposes the integration of the content and method as a task of integrating social studies in the future, and explores the possibility of using issues as a catalyst. Through this process, the researcher wants to promote understanding of the nature of integrated social studies and to emphasize the role of the issues-centered social studies which can integrate learning experiences and life. 본 연구는 사회과 통합 논의에 대한 역사적 조망을 통해 사회과 통합의 새로운 토대를 도출하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 우선, 사회과 통합을 둘러싼 논쟁을 살펴보고, 최근 부각되는 ‘융합’, ‘통섭’ 등 사회과에서 통합을 지칭하는 용어의 혼재를 정리하여 사회과 통합 논의의 복잡성을 드러냈다. 다음으로, 사회과의 역사에서 통합을 지향했던 사례를 선정하여, 각 시도의 의미를 재해석하였다. 시대적 상황과 맥락에 대한 분석을 바탕으로, 1916년 보고서에서 제안된 ‘POD 과정’은 ‘사회과 통합의 원형’, ‘STS 교육’은 ‘사회과 통합의 도전’, 1994년 NCSS가 제안한 ‘스트랜드(strand)’는 ‘사회과 통합의 절충’으로 평가하였다. 끝으로, 사회과 통합의 역사에서 발견되는 특징을 종합하여 ‘통합의 목적’, ‘통합을 보는 관점’, ‘통합의 방법’ 차원에서 사회과 통합의 새로운 토대를 제안하였다. 시민성 함양이라는 통합의 목적을 중심으로 분과형과 통합형 교육과정이 절충될 수 있다는 점과, 교육과정 차원의 통합을 넘어 학습 경험이라는 미시적 차원에서 통합을 보는 관점이 필요함을 주장하였다. 나아가, 앞으로의 사회과 통합의 과제로 내용과 방법의 통합을 제안하고, 촉매제로서 쟁점 활용의 가능성을 탐색하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 사회과 통합의 본질에 대한 이해를 촉구하고, 학습 경험과 삶의 맥락에서 통합을 실천할 수 있는 쟁점 중심 사회과의 역할을 강조하고자 하였다.

Integration of Faith and Learning : Reflections in Christian Education Context

Kang, Ho Kyung 한국실천신학회 2017 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.55

The purpose of this study was to explore conceptual and empirical researches on faith and learning integration and propose practical implications for Christian education and school contexts. For this study, different approaches to integration of faith and learning was explored and in turn organized four constructs to possible approaches to integration, namely, Hostile Separation, Independent Model, Mutual Respect Approach, and Integration Model. The need for biblical integration was highlighted and praxis of biblical integration was contemplated and suggested through this article. The implications for faith and learning integration are 1) comprehensive understanding of both the Scripture and the given academic disciplines, 2) building connection between the faith, knowledge, and lives of our students, 3) posing integrative questions, 4) developing faculty who can promote effective and biblical integration, and 5) creating environment for faith and learning integration.

유보통합에 대한 연구동향 분석: 2013년~2022년 7월까지의 논문을 중심으로

이선애,강혜경 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends related to integration of kindergartens and day care centers from 2013 to July 2022, and to seek the overall direction of consolidation of kindergartens and pre-kindergartens. Methods The data to be analyzed in this study were searched for the keyword ‘integration of kindergartens and day care centers in domestic academic portal sites such as the National Assembly Library, RISS, DBPIA, and KISS, and published annually, focusing on 80 theses and theses related to integration of kindergartens and pre-kindergartens in academic journals. The current status, research type, research subject, academic field, and research topic were analyzed. The frequency and percentage were calculated using the Excel program for the collected data, and reliability analysis inter coders was used to analyze the subject of the same paper to increase the validity and reliability of the study. Results Looking at the results of the study, first, as for the publication status by year related to integration of kindergartens and day care centers, researches were most actively conducted in 2015 and 2017, and journal thesis papers were generally more conducted than theses. Second, in the case of research type, theory/documentary research and survey research were most actively conducted, while mixed research combining quantitative and qualitative research was found to be very insignificant. Third, as a result of examining the subjects of the study, most of the studies were conducted on childcare teachers on recognition of integration of kindergartens and pre-kindergartens and other studies on domestic integration policies and cases of integration of kindergartens and day care centersr abroad, as well as parents and daycare center directors, were conducted. Studies that investigated integrated cognition were identified. Fourth, most of the papers related to the integration of kindergartens and day care centers were made in education, and it was identified that some of them were also conducted in sociology. Fifth, as for the research topic, relatively active studies have been conducted to review the recognition of integration of kindergartens and day care centers, criticize/discuss domestic integration policies with integration of kindergartens and day care centers, consider cases of consolidation with kindergartens and pre kindergartens abroad, and suggest the development direction of domestic consolidations policies. Conclusions In conclusion, domestic research trends related to integration with kindergartens and day care centers tend to focus on criticism and discussion of recognition of integration and policies for integration and studies that consider cases of consolidation abroad. This suggests that specific discussions and tendencies should be presented.

미술과 교육에서의 학문 중심 교육과정 통합, 그 논의와 실제

이은적 한국조형교육학회 2006 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.27

교육과정 통합의 필요성과 가치가 부각되면서 그 당위성이 소리 높여 주장된다. 그러나 정말 교육적 가치가 있도록 통합 내용이 조직되어 실행되고 있는지 논의될 필요가 있다. 제7차 교육과정 1, 2학년의 ‘즐거운 생활’ 통합이나, 고학년 교육과정 통합으로 현장에서 흔히 사용되는 주제 중심 통합, 혹은 프로젝트 학습의 사례를 보면 미술과 교육 내용은 미술과의 주요 학습 내용을 다루기보다는 타 교과의 학습을 도와주는 보조적, 혹은 도구적 수단으로 활용되는 경우가 많다. 그리고 다른 교과의 학습 내용은 미술 표현 활동의 제재나 주제와 관련하여 발상의 내용을 좀 더 풍부하게 해주는 역할에 많은 부분 한정된다. 더 극단적인 경우에는 미술과 학습 내용은 주요 교과의 통합에 삽입되어 딱딱한 학습에 지루함을 덜어주는 역할에 머물기도 한다. 이렇게 교육과정 통합에서 미술과의 주요 개념이나 내용은 배제되고 있어 이를 해결하기 위한 통합이 연구되어야 한다. Numerous studies on curriculum integration have centered on the theme or the topic. In large part of such cases the art education contents are limited to the secondary and instrumental role for the learning of the other disciplines, and the contents of the other disciplines are simply expected to enrich the subject of artworks. Therefore, it is necessary to study on curriculum integration centering on the important concepts and principles, or the key ideas in Art Education, and including the relationship with the different disciplines. This type of curriculum integration can be classified as discipline centered curriculum integration. And it can be considered as the intra-disciplinary integration as well as interdisciplinary integration. The purpose of this study is to argue this necessity and to explore the instruction examples. At first, this study examines the notion and the necessity of the curriculum integration, its types, its advantages and disadvantages. Next, this study analyses the problems posed in the precedent studies, and argues the possibility and the necessity of the curriculum integration centering on the discipline in Art Education. Finally, this study explores the instruction examples in the intra-disciplinary integration and interdisciplinary integration for the level of elementary school. An intra-disciplinary integration example concerns the integration of painting and design, and an interdisciplinary integration example concerns the integration of the different disciplines including a korean folk art work; Art Education, Langage art, Social studies.

Wafer-to-Wafer Integration을 위한 생산수율 챌린지에 대한 연구

김사라은경,Kim, Sarah Eunkyung 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2013 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.20 No.1

3D integration 기술 특히 W2W integration 기술은 전자산업의 디바이스 scaling 문제를 해결하고 고성능화 소형화 추세에 맞춘 가장 핵심적인 기술 방향이다. 그러나 W2W integration 기술은 현재 가격과 생산수율의 장애를 가지고 있고, 이를 해결하기 위해서 웨이퍼 매칭, 리던던시, 다이 면적 축소, 배선 층 수 축소와 같은 디자인 연구들이 진행되고 있다. W2W integration 기술이 대량생산으로 연결되기 위해서는 우선적으로 웨이퍼 본딩, 실리콘연삭, TSV 배선 공정의 최적화가 이루어져야 하겠지만, 가격을 포함한 생산수율을 높이기 위해서는 반드시 디자인 연구가 선행되어야 하겠다. Wafer-to-Wafer (W2W) integration technology is an emerging technology promising many benefits, such as reduced size, improved performance, reduced power, lower cost, and divergent integration. As the maturity of W2W technology progresses, new applications will become more viable. However, at present the cost for W2W integration is still very high and both manufacturing yield and reliability issues have not been resolved yet for high volume manufacturing (HVM). Especially for WTW integration resolving compound yield issue can be a key factor for HVM. To have the full benefits of WTW integration technology more than simple wafer stacking technologies are necessary. In this paper, the manufacturing yield for W2W integration is described and the challenges of WTW integration will be discussed.

기독교 상담의 통합에 관한 모델과 영역에 관한 개요 -서구사회를 중심으로-

김용태 한국기독교상담심리학회 2008 한국기독교상담학회지 Vol.16 No.-

This article deals with two different areas of content and structure of integration between Christianity and psychology even though the concept of integration has not been established clearly. The confusion of the concept of integration makes us see the contents and structures of integration in order to assess the current position of integration in the development of Christian counseling. The content contains the history of integration, the concepts of integration, the areas of integration, and the issues of integration. The structure contains the various approaches on integration and a comparison of the various models of Christian counseling. The models of Christian counseling can be named as secular counseling, humanistic counseling, parallel counseling, integrated counseling, and spiritualized counseling through the comparison of the studied models of Christian counseling. This spectrum has been established from the perspective of structure of integration between Christianity and psychology. From the content point of view of integration, the Christian counseling can be named as discipline integration, skill integration, faith integration, concept integration, and life integration

'서로주체적 통합'의 개념

김학노 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2011 한국과 국제정치 Vol.27 No.3

I delve into the concept of ‘allelosubjective integration,’ based upon my definition of politics as “hegemony struggle between us and non-us.” To begin with, I categorize four types of relations between us and non-us: monosubjective division, allelosubjective division, monosubjective integration, and allelosubjective integration. Then I present my definition of integration as a process of “self-extension from a smaller-self to a larger-self.” This concept proposed here may be applied to various methods and sectors of integration, free of some normative premises which I find in the existing literature on Korean reunification. I delve into the concept of ‘allelosubjective integration,’ based upon my definition of politics as “hegemony struggle between us and non-us.” To begin with, I categorize four types of relations between us and non-us: monosubjective division, allelosubjective division, monosubjective integration, and allelosubjective integration. Then I present my definition of integration as a process of “self-extension from a smaller-self to a larger-self.” This concept proposed here may be applied to various methods and sectors of integration, free of some normative premises which I find in the existing literature on Korean reunification. Finally I emphasize the usefulness of the concept of allelosubjective integration. I find a tendency in the current discussion to emphasize ‘peaceful coexistence’ between North and South Koreas. Peaceful coexistence seems to be devised as an allelosubjective alternative to unilateral reunification, i.e., monosubjective integration. The lack of the concept of allelosubjective integration limits our theoretical and practical imagination to allelosubjective division. Hence the need of the concept of allelosubjective integration.

Regional Integration, Growth and Convergence

( Dirk Willem Te Velde ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2011 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.26 No.1

This paper examines empirically whether and how regional integration leads to convergence and growth amongst developing countries. Using standard growth models for nearly 100 developing countries over 1970-2004 we cannot establish robust growth effects of regional integration as such at the aggregated level of analysis even after using alternative measures of regional integration. However, because we find that trade and FDI promote growth, and because regional integration tends to increase trade and FDI, regional integration still has a positive impact on growth in its members through the effects of increased trade and investment on growth. Further, country-specific growth diagnostics do suggest that regional integration can be a binding constraint to growth as “deep” regional approaches can help to address crucial rail, road, air and energy links amongst countries (e.g. in the East African Community). Our findings also suggest that initially high levels of regional income disparities will lead to greater decreases in disparities. Whilst the level of intra-regional trade and incomes do not explain changes in income disparities, the presence of a regional Development Finance Institutions (e.g. Central American or East African development banks) with a relatively high loan exposure to GDP ratio tends to reduce regional income disparities suggesting a useful role for deeper integration in achieving regional cohesion. A one percentage point increase in exposure by DFIs leads to a drop of σ of about one percentage point. Finally, while the macro economic literature on regional integration tends to highlight only limited expected effects of African regional integration itself, our work at the firm level in three African countries (Benin, Malawi and South Africa) is indicative of significant dynamic effects of regional integration through the effects on firm level productivity in Africa. We suggest that in the future, further growth analytical work is undertaken which combines the development of methods to examine the effects of regions and measurement of the various types of regional integration.

독일의 사회통합 인식 분석

송은희,설진배 한국동북아학회 2013 한국동북아논총 Vol.18 No.2

This study aims to identify social integration strategies for the people of South and North Korea, including North Korean refugees, by analyzing perceptions of social integration among people from former East Germany. Comprehensive societal integration can be achieved through two types of integration: system integration and social integration. The former is divided into political integration and economic integration, while the latter is conceptualized as psychological integration, which focused on social values. According to interviews conducted with 17 former East Germans, present-day Germany shows relatively high levels of political integration, but the level of psychological integration is inadequate. This study found that the East-West integration of Germany was undermined by economic factors, such as unemployment and wage disparity, as well as a mutual lack of understanding. These findings contain a lesson for the two Koreas in pursuing political integration: economic integration and psychological integration are equally important. Therefore, this study suggests two solutions; one is that the Korean peninsula should prepare for political integration through economic and psychological integration. The other is that the North Korean refugee population should be utilized as a test bed for simulating the social integration between the two Koreas. 이 논문의 목적은 구동독지역 주민의 사회통합에 관한 인식을 분석하여 남북한 및 북한이탈주민의 사회통합방안을 모색하는 것이다. 전체 사회의 통합은 거시적 측면의 체계통합과 미시적 측면의 사회통합으로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 체계통합을 정치적 통합과 경제적 통합으로 구분하고 사회통합을 가치통합인 심리적 통합으로 개념화하여 각 요소들 간의 관계를 논의한다. 동독지역 주민 17명을 대상으로 실행한 면접조사 결과, 독일의 정치적 통합수준은 비교적 높으나 심리적 통합수준은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 동·서독간의 사회통합은 아직 미완성이라 할 수 있다. 동·서독 사회통합의 주요 장애요인은 실업 및 임금격차 등 경제적 요인과 동·서독 주민 간 상호불신으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정치적 통합을 지향하는 남북한에 경제적 통합과 심리적 통합의 중요성을 시사해준다. 본 연구에서는 경제적 통합과 심리적 통합을 통해 남북한 정치적 통합을 준비할 것과, 북한이탈주민을 남북한 사회통합의 리트머스 시험지로 활용할 것을 제안한다. 즉 경제적 통합의 방식으로 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 자본주의의 학습과 경제적 적응훈련을 실시하고, 이를 통해 북한이탈주민의 심리적 통합수준을 향상시킴으로서 궁극적으로 남북한 체계통합을 준비할 수 있을 것이다.

SCM통합과 기업성과의 인과관계 분석

황채영 ( Chea Young Hwang ),서창교 ( Chang Kyo Suh ) 한국정보시스템학회 2015 情報시스템硏究 Vol.24 No.1

Supply chain management (SCM) aims to provide the coordination and execution of planning and decision-making in multi organization-wide production and distribution. The advancement of information technology and the globalization of market promote SCM integration. Information sharing has become a major driver of competitive advantage in SCM. In this research, we aim to analyze the influence of SCM integration on firm performance and the role of information sharing between SCM integration and firm performance. Of the 750 questionnaires posted, a total of 218 questionnaires were collected after one follow-up. A total of 199 questionnaires were analyzed after 19 questionnaires were eliminated due to largely missing values. We used structural equation modeling technique to validate the causal relationship between SCM integration, information sharing, and firm performance. The results suggest that improved SCM integration both within the focal company (intra-organization) and across companies (inter-organization) enhances firm performance positively. Information sharing acts as a mediator between the SCM integration and the firm performance. Intra-organization SCM integration is positively related to inter-organization SCM integration, namely, SCM integration with suppliers and customers. The results suggest that internal integration of SCM significantly influences external integration with customers and suppliers. The result also shows that supply chain integration has a positive influence on firm performance and information sharing positively impacts firm performance as well.