Morphological characteristics and variations of the Slender racer (Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866; Colubridae: Squamata) across the Republic of Korea

박일국,정호준,권혜림,박재진,이상철,박대식 국립중앙과학관 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.16 No.4

Information on the morphological characteristics of a species can assist in understanding its ecological niche and adaptation to the habitat. The Slender racer (Orientocoluber spinalis) is a near-threatened snake species in the Republic of Korea, but its morphology has not been comprehensively identified. Thus, herein, 45 O. spinalis individuals (21 females and 24 males) from four populations in the Republic of Korea were analyzed using five physical parameters and 19 scales to assess their morphological variations. Their mean snout-vent length, tail length, and body mass were 539 mm, 191 mm, and 39.5 g. Unlike previous studies, the Korean O. spinalis showed sexual dimorphism and geographic variation among populations, mainly in the relative head size. Such variations in the head size may be related to prey competition and availability. The results of this study could present indications of the adaptation of O. spinalis to each habitat that could be further verified if additional research on external environments, such as local prey sources and predators, is conducted.

Diversity and geographic variation of endosymbiotic bacteria in natural populations of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in China

Zhang Li,Cao Ya,Zhang Li-Jun,Wang Meng-Yao,Wang Xiao-Tong,Yang Xing-Zhuo,Duan Ting-Yu,Yuan Ming-Long 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Bacterial symbionts in aphids are known to benefit the insect host and associated with aphid’s ecological adaptation. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), an important legume pest worldwide, carries at least eight endosymbionts, providing a model system to study insect–bacteria interactions. However, species diversity and geographic variations of endosymbionts are unknown in Chinese populations; therefore, we characterized symbiont communities and diversity of 27 pea aphid samples from 13 geographic populations of China. Via amplicon high-throughput sequencing and diagnostic PCR, we found that bacterial communities of Chinese populations were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Among eight known endosymbionts, five (Buchnera, Serratia, Hamiltonella, Regiella, and Rickettsia) were detected by both methods, with a specific geographical distribution. The obligate symbiont, Buchnera, was present in all aphid samples, while the four facultative symbionts showed a significant geographic variation. Each population was randomly infected with distinct endosymbionts, ranging from three to five species. Serratia and Rickettsia showed relatively higher abundance in central regions of China, Regiella was predominant in eastern and western China, whereas Ham iltonella showed an extremely low abundance and was absent in four populations. Samples grouped by altitudes showed a significant diversity difference, whereas there was no significant difference between red and green body colors. Bacterial community structures of the Chinese pea aphid populations were mainly influenced by environmental factors, other than body colors. These data can guide the development of potential biocontrol techniques against this aphid.

한국산 참나리 2, 3배체 집단에 대한 주성분 분석

김종화(Jong Hwa Kim),장원석(Won Suk Jang),경혜영(Hea Yung Kyung),玄永浩(Yonghao Xuan),Yesun Erdene Davaasuren,심은조(Eun Jo Sim),이주경(Ju Kyong Lee),최용순(Yong Soon Choi),比良道一(Michikazu Hiramatsu),김규원(Kiu Weon Kim),유기억( 한국자원식물학회 2006 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

참나리 2, 3배체 복합 배수성 집단에서 형태적, 지리적 분화를 명확히 하기 위해서 173개 군락에서 수집된 참나리의 38개 형질에 대한 분산분석(ANOVA)과 주성분분석(PCA)을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 173개 참나리 개재들은 배수성에 의해 78개의 2배체와 95 개체의 3배체로 구분되었고, 3배체는 지리적 분포와 형태적 특성에 의해 73개의 내륙 3배체(남한 전지역)와 20개의 섬지역 3배체(백령도와 소청도)로 구분되었다. ANOVA분석에서 섬지역 3배체는 잎과 꽃의 여러 형질들에 의해 내륙의 3배체와 뚜렷한 형태적 차이를 나타내었다. 주성분 분석에 의한 누적기여율은 4차 주성분까지 44.1%를 나타내었고, 주성분분석에서 2배체는 긴 초장, 작은 꽃의 형질들, 높은 화분임성, 더 많은 기공 수 등의 형질에 의해 내륙의 3배체와 구분되었다. 섬지역 3배체도 약간의 중복은 있었으나 1, 2차 주성분에 대한 2차원 분포도에서 서로 구분되었다. 한편, 배수성이 다를지라도 섬지역 3배체와 2배체는 주성분 1과 2의 요인에 의해 완전한 중복을 나타내었다. 이러한 사실은 섬지역 3배체와 2배체가 외형적으로 유사하다는 것을 반영한다. 이와 같이 섬지역과 내륙의 3배체의 형태적 차이는 지리적 기원을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. To clarify the morphological and geographical differentiation among the polyploid complexes of L. lancifolium collections in Korea, the mo게hological variation of 173 accessions were analyzed by ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) and PCA (principal component analysis) on the basis of 38 morphological characters. 173m accessions were grouped into 78 diploids and 95 triploids by ploid levels and the triploids separated into 75 inland triploids (all around the Korea) and 20 island triploids (Backryung-do and Sochung-do, westemmost and northernmost islands of Korea) by geographic distribution and morphology. Island triploids showed significant morphological differences with inland triploids in ANOVA by many floral and leaf characters. In PCAs, diploids were separated from inland triploids by having longer plant height, smaller flower characters, higher pollen fertility and more stomata. The first four principal components accounted for 44.1% of the total variation. Plots of the island and inland groups for the first and second principal components separated each other with slight overlapping. Although the ploid forms are different between diploid and island triploid, island triploids were more closely overlapped with diploids by principal component 1 and 2 than inland triploids. This reflects that the whole external morphology of island triploids are similar to that of diploids. This, the phenotypic differentiation between inland and island triploids seems to be partly related to their geographical origins.

지역 간 생활인프라 접근성 수준의 지리적 편차 추정에 관한 연구: : - 서울시를 사례로 -

이경주 한국교통대학교 2019 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.54 No.-

Living infrastructure points to the facilities people frequently visit in daily lives. It is highlighted nationwide as one of key policy elements in carrying out urban regeneration new deal projects. In principle, anyone should be able to access to living infrastructure. In reality, the accessibility often shows geographic variations in a region. The planning interest, especially in the new deal projects, should be reducing the variability so that facility service be reached to as many people as possible. To this end, we need to identify any under-served areas where many people travel longer distances to reach the facilities. We can prioritize those areas in allocating limited public resources available in facility location planning. The purpose of this paper is to examine geographic variations in the overall accessibility to living infrastructure. This is achieved by defining composite index of population weighted distance in a unit grid. Empirical analysis was made for 11 facilities regarded as living infrastructure in Seoul. Analysis results show critical variations in the accessibility in Seoul. We addressed policy attentions need to be payed to reduce regional disparities in the accessibility.

당뇨병 유병률의 지역 간 변이 요인

김유미 ( Kim Yoo Mi ),조대곤 ( Cho Dae Gon ),강성홍 ( Kang Sung Hong ) 한국보건사회연구원 2014 保健社會硏究 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 당뇨병 유병률의 지역 간 변이 요인을 규명하여 지역별 특성에 맞는 당뇨병 관리 사업을 지원하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 질병관리 본부의 2011년도 시군구 지역사회건강조사 230건 자료를 지역별 사회경제학 지표 등과 연계하여 생태학적 연구를 위한 자료를 구축한 후 단계적 회귀분석, 의사결정나무 등의 기법으로 분석하였다. 단계적 회귀분석 결과 인지된 고혈압 유병률과 경제활동 비율이 높고, 비만율이 낮을수록 당뇨병 유병률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 지역간에 상이한 변이 요인을 보다 구체적으로 알아보고자 의사결정나무 모형을 이용하여 지역간 변이 요인을 규명한 결과 인지된 고혈압 유병률, 비만율, 고위험 음주율, 유배우자 비율, 인구 밀도 등이 당뇨병 유병률의 주요 변이 요인으로 나타났다. 당뇨병 유병률의 지역 간 변이 요인은 세부 지역별로 다양한 양상으로 나타났는데, 본 연구 결과는 지역별 맞춤형 당뇨병 관리 사업 계획을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있겠다. We investigate how the regional prevalence of diabetes is affected by health-related and socioeconomic factors with a special emphasis on geographic variations. We focus on the likelihood of diabetes as function of various region-specific attributes. We construct a unique set of data at the level of 230 small administrative district collected from 2011 Annual Community Health Survey by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government agencies. To estimate, we use several methods including correlation analysis, multiple regression and decision tree model. We find that diabetes prevalence is more likely to be associated with hypertension prevalence, obesity and economic activity rate. Further findings using decision tree model suggest that hypertension prevalence, obesity, the rate of drinking and the density of population are more likely to affect the prevalence of diabetes than other regional attributes considered. More importantly, we find significant geographic variations in factors affecting diabetes prevalence across administrative districts. This topic are not just of academic interest, but have practical implications by helping policy makers to understand and identify important regional factors relating to the prevalence of diabetes by which they can implement more effective planning for promotion of health.

우리나라 참나리 2, 3배체 집단에서의 EST-SSR을 이용한

송예수,Truong Nguyen Xuan,김남수,김종화 한국화훼산업육성협회 2012 화훼연구 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라 참나리 2배체와 3배체 중 임의 선발된 56 개 지역의 참나리에 대하여 EST-SSR이용하여 각 genome 간의 유전적 변이와 유연관계를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 최근 백합속에서 개발된 19개의 EST-SSR 중에서 7개의 primer가 참나리 2, 3배체 종내 유전적 변이 분석에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 서해안, 남해안 제주도의 원거리 지역에 분포하는 2배체 참나리들은 지역에 관계없이 다양한 유전적 변이를 나타내었으나, 소청도, 울릉도 및 내륙에 분포하는 3배체 참나리는 비교적 단순한 변이를 나타내었다. 다형성을 나타낸 총 121개의 SSR 밴드를 사용하여 UPGMA 방법으로 계 통도를 작성한 결과 2배체 집단에서는 유전적 변이가 다양한 반면 3배체 집단에서는 비교적 변이가 적은 것 으로 나타났다. 2배체 집단에서 아차도 계통들이 남해 안의 다른 2배체와 뚜렷이 구분되는 cluster를 형성하 였고, 3배체 집단에서는 소청도 참나리가 다른 지역과 는 구별되는 독특한 밴드패턴을 나타내었다. 본 연구에 서 선발된 EST-SSR마커들은 금후 참나리 2, 3배체 집단의 유연관계를 분석하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있 을 것으로 생각된다. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out among the 56 diploid and triploid accessions of Lilium lancifolium (L.) that were collected throughout the Korea using EST-SSRs. Of the 13 informative ESTSSRs, 7 primer sets were suitable for phylogenetic analysis of the diploid and triploid accessions. Diploid accessions collected from the islands in Yellow sea, South sea, and Jeju island showed high genetic variation regardless of the geographic distances, whereas the triploid accessions collected from Socheong island in Yellow sea, Ulreung island in East sea, and inland areas of Korean peninsula showed low genetic variation. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree with 121 polymorphic SSR bands revealed distinct clustering patterns from each other’s among the accession of the diploids from Acha-do (Yellow sea) and the diploids from islands of South sea, and the triploid accessions from Socheong island showed distinct grouping from others of Ulreung island and inland. Thus, the used EST-SSR markers can be utilized in the future for the analysis of demographic and identifying accessions among the diploid and triploid L. lancifolium accessions.

‘어→으’ 모음 상승과 음운 변이 -전남 영광 지역어를 중심으로-

강희숙 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2017 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.63

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the aspect of vowel raising realization appears on Jeonnam Yeonggwang dialect and cause of this change, along with the aspect of phonological variation. This research was conducted based on the fact that 'u→eo' change was realized briskly on Yeonggwang dialect with high productivity no less than Seoul dialect, discordant with fact confirmed in past studies. As a result, it was verified 'u→eo' change is briskly realizing in lexical morpheme both in word-initial and non-word-initial, also in grammatical morpheme in Yeonggwang regional dialect. And this change is so productive in that it showed another phonological variation, vowel rounding and feeding relation. The cause of 'u→eo' change is thought to be at the co-alternation of 'u, eo' conducted in purely linguistically internal perspective in this area of dialect. In other words, 'u→eo' change in Yeonggwang regional dialect is thought to be passed similar process as the co-alternation of 'o, u' which were conducted extensively in 16th and 17th century was replaced by unidirectional alternation of 'o→u' change in late 18th century. Also the change of Yeonggwang regional dialect was verified to be the change in progress in that it shows the phonological variation that includes both innovative form that related with 'u→eo' change and the conservative form does not conducted this change. This study has a limitation in that it is based on the speech of individuals. Nevertheless, this is significant in that it suggested relatively clear outline of 'u→eo' change that prior phonological description of this regional dialect lost track of. Also in that it newly illuminated the dialect geographical meaning that this phonological characteristic possesses. 이 연구에서는 전남의 서북부 방언에 속하는 영광 지역어에서 나타나는 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승의 실현 양상 및 원인, 이러한 변화와 관련되는 음운 변이 양상을 기술하는 데 관심을 두었다. 연구 결과, 영광 지역어에서는 어휘 형태소의 어두와 비어두 위치에서는 물론 문법 형태소에서도 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승이 상당히 활발하게 실현되고 있음이 확인되었다. 특히 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승이 지역 방언의 또 다른 음성 변화인 원순모음화와 급여 관계를 보이는 사례가 적지 않다는 사실까지 확인함으로써 기존의 연구들에서 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승의 기술 대상에서 제외하였던 사례까지 포함하는 결과를 도출해 내었다. ‘어→으’ 모음 상승의 원인에 대해서는 후설 위치에서 수행된 ‘오→우’ 모음 상승과 동일한 과정을 거친 것이라고 보았다. 즉, 16세기와 17세기에 광범위하게 수행되었던 ‘오’와 ‘우’ 간의 상호 교체가 18세기 후기에 들어 ‘오→우’ 모음 상승이라는 일방향적 교체(unidirectional alternation)로 자리를 잡게 된 데서 ‘오→우’ 모음 상승의 원인을 찾을 수 있는 것과 마찬가지로, 영광 지역어의 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승 또한 ‘오→우’ 모음 상승과 유사한 과정을 거친 것으로 본 것이다. 또한 영광 지역어에서는 ‘어→으’ 모음 상승의 개신형과 보수형이 공존하는 음운 변이를 보이고 있어, 이러한 변화가 상황에 따라 차이를 보이는 매우 역동적인 성격을 지니는 것으로 파악하였다.

Molecular identification of three aphid parasitoids, Aphidius areolatus, A. absinthii, and A. uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands in Korea

황활수,이경열 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.3

The Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands are located in the East Sea of Korea and have a unique ecosystem. Wecollected Aphidiinae mummies from the Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands in 2018. Three species of parasitoidsin the genus Aphidius Nees, A. absinthii Marshall, A. areolatus Ashmead, and A. uzbekistanicusLuzhetzki, were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular techniques from themummies of three aphid host species Macrosiphoniella formosartemisiae Takahashi, Capitophorus elaeagni(Del Guercio), and Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, respectively. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences ofmitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in the GenBank database revealed that A. uzbekistanicuswas 100% identical to 135 sequences of the species from Asian, American, and European countries and aone-nucleotide variation from a Serbian specimen. Aphidius absinthii was 100% identical to a Japanesespecimen of the species and 0.39% variable from the Serbian specimen. However, the cytochrome coxidase subunit I sequence of A. areolatus did not match in the database and was first reported from thisstudy. Our phylogenetic analysis of 31 Aphidius and 3 Euaphidius species listed in the GenBank databaseindicated a monophyletic taxon within 12.72% variation. This study is the first report of the geographicdistribution of three Aphidius species in the Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands of Korea.

Geographic variation in the acoustic signals of black-billed magpies (Pica pica) in South Korea and Japan

이상임,이선희,남현영,최재천 한국생태학회 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.2

Black-billed magpies (Pica pica) are a highly sedentary species due to their short and round wings, which are not adequate for long distance flights. We investigated geographic variation in the vocal signals of magpies residing in South Korea and Japan (subspecies sericea). Based on the magpie’s limited dispersal ability, we predicted that the variation in vocal signals of black-billed magpies could be explained by geographic barriers such as mountain ranges and straits. We analyzed four-syllable chatter calls of magpies from five localities in South Korea, which are separated by mountain ranges (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan), and two island localities separated from the mainland by straits (Jeju in Korea and Saga in Japan). We found significant differences in the characteristics of magpie chatter calls recorded in the seven localities, and the variation pattern was independent among the variables. Mainland-island differentiation and north-south differentiation were observed. In general, magpies on Saga were the most distinctive. North-south differentiation was observed among the Korean mainland localities. However, the pattern was not related to the presence of putative geographic barriers. We hypothesize that the patterns of geographic variation in the structure of magpie chatter calls residing in South Korea might have been shaped by a sudden expansion of magpies followed by low level of local isolation, which may have led to vocal differentiation. Along with elucidating the vocal environment of Korean magpie populations, more extensive sampling is needed to clarify the functional aspects of geographic variation in the vocal signals of Korean magpies.

Geographic variation in the acoustic signals of black-billed magpies (Pica pica) in South Korea and Japan

Lee, Sang-Im,Lee, Sun-Hee,Nam, Hyun-Young,Choe, Jae-Chun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.2

Black-billed magpies (Pica pica) are a highly sedentary species due to their short and round wings, which are not adequate for long distance flights. We investigated geographic variation in the vocal signals of magpies residing in South Korea and Japan (subspecies sericea). Based on the magpie's limited dispersal ability, we predicted that the variation in vocal signals of black-billed magpies could be explained by geographic barriers such as mountain ranges and straits. We analyzed four-syllable chatter calls of magpies from five localities in South Korea, which are separated by mountain ranges (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan), and two island localities separated from the mainland by straits (Jeju in Korea and Saga in Japan). We found significant differences in the characteristics of magpie chatter calls recorded in the seven localities, and the variation pattern was independent among the variables. Mainland-island differentiation and north-south differentiation were observed. In general, magpies on Saga were the most distinctive. North-south differentiation was observed among the Korean mainland localities. However, the pattern was not related to the presence of putative geographic barriers. We hypothesize that the patterns of geographic variation in the structure of magpie chatter calls residing in South Korea might have been shaped by a sudden expansion of magpies followed by low level of local isolation, which may have led to vocal differentiation. Along with elucidating the vocal environment of Korean magpie populations, more extensive sampling is needed to clarify the functional aspects of geographic variation in the vocal signals of Korean magpies.