Whole-genome resequencing reveals domestication and signatures of selection in Ujimqin, Sunit, and Wu Ranke Mongolian sheep breeds

Wang Hanning,Zhong Liang,Dong Yanbing,Meng Lingbo,Ji Cheng,Luo Hui,Fu Mengrong,Qi Zhi,Mi Lan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: The current study aimed to perform whole-genome resequencing of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds including Ujimqin, Sunit, and Wu Ranke sheep breeds (UJMQ, SNT, WRK) and deeply analyze genetic variation, population structure, domestication, and selection for domestication traits among these Mongolian sheep breeds.Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 60 individuals comprising 20 WRK, 20 UJMQ, and 20 SNT. For genome sequencing, about 1.5 μg of genomic DNA was used for library construction with an insert size of about 350 bp. Pair-end sequencing were performed on Illumina NovaSeq platform, with the read length of 150 bp at each end. We then investigated the domestication and signatures of selection in these sheep breeds.Results: According to the population and demographic analyses, WRK and SNT populations were very similar, which were different from UJMQ populations. Genome wide association study identified 468 and 779 significant loci from SNT vs UJMQ, and UJMQ vs WRK, respectively. However, only 3 loci were identified from SNT vs WRK. Genomic comparison and selective sweep analysis among these sheep breeds suggested that genes associated with regulation of secretion, metabolic pathways including estrogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and neuron development have undergone strong selection during domestication.Conclusion: Our findings will facilitate the understanding of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds domestication and selection for complex traits and provide a valuable genomic resource for future studies of sheep and other domestic animal breeding. Objective: The current study aimed to perform whole-genome resequencing of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds including Ujimqin, Sunit, and Wu Ranke sheep breeds (UJMQ, SNT, WRK) and deeply analyze genetic variation, population structure, domestication, and selection for domestication traits among these Mongolian sheep breeds. Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 60 individuals comprising 20 WRK, 20 UJMQ, and 20 SNT. For genome sequencing, about 1.5 μg of genomic DNA was used for library construction with an insert size of about 350 bp. Pair-end sequencing were performed on Illumina NovaSeq platform, with the read length of 150 bp at each end. We then investigated the domestication and signatures of selection in these sheep breeds. Results: According to the population and demographic analyses, WRK and SNT populations were very similar, which were different from UJMQ populations. Genome wide association study identified 468 and 779 significant loci from SNT vs UJMQ, and UJMQ vs WRK, respectively. However, only 3 loci were identified from SNT vs WRK. Genomic comparison and selective sweep analysis among these sheep breeds suggested that genes associated with regulation of secretion, metabolic pathways including estrogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and neuron development have undergone strong selection during domestication. Conclusion: Our findings will facilitate the understanding of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds domestication and selection for complex traits and provide a valuable genomic resource for future studies of sheep and other domestic animal breeding.

Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements during silkworm domestication

Min‑Jin Han,Hong‑En Xu,Xiao‑Min Xiong,Hua‑Hao Zhang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.10

Although there are some documented examples on population dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in model organisms, the evolutionary dynamics of TEs in domesticated species has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to understand population dynamics of TEs during silkworm domestication. In this work, using transposondisplay we examined the polymorphism of seven TE families [they represent about 59% of silkworm (Bombyx mori) total TE content] in four domesticated silkworm populations and one wild silkworm population. Maximum likelihood (ML) was used to estimate selection pressure. Population differentiation and structure were performed by using AMOVA analysis and program DISTRUCT, respectively. The results of transposon-display showed that significant differentiation occurred between the domesticated silkworm and wild silkworm. These TEs have experienced expansions and fixation in the domesticated silkworm but not in wild silkworm. Furthermore, the ML results indicated that purifying selection of TEs in the domesticated silkworm were significantly weaker than that in the wild silkworm. Interestingly, an adaptation insertion induced by BmMITE-2 was found, and this insertion can reduce the polymorphism of the flanking regions of its neighboring COQ7 gene. Our results suggested that TEs expanded and were fixed in the domesticated silkworm might result from demographic effects and artificial selection during domestication. We concluded that the data presented in this study have general implication in animal and crop improvements as well as in domestication of new species.

한국아동문학의 외국어번역에 있어 자국화와 이국화 - 『고양이 학교』영역본 사례 연구 -

오미형 ( Mi Hyung Oh ) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소(구 건국대학교 중원인문연구소) 2007 동화와 번역 Vol.13 No.-

The aim of this study is to look at how cultural references in Korean children`s books are represented in their English translation through the lens of ``foreignization`` and ``domestication``. By conducting a case study on Cat School, a well-received Korean story for children, the study tries to answer, firstly, whether and where foreginization and/or domestication take place in the translation of the Korean children`s literature. Secondly, whether there is a consistent strategy of foreginization and/or domestication. This is a valuable study because it considers the translation from Korean to English as opposed to translation from English to Korean which have been the focus of most previous studies within the field of children`s literature. Moreover, children`s literature is an interesting genre to study because not only Korean books for children are attracting more interests in the international book fairs and markets, but also pose genre-specific difficulties on the translators. These difficulties arise as translators can only apply certain translation techniques that are often options for translation for adult readership in a limited manner for children`s literature. Such techniques include inserting translators` notes, and borrowing words or phrases from the source text. In searching the answers to the two research questions, I identified cultural references in the Korean Cat School which shows uniqueness of the Korean society whether it be cultural, historical, social, or political aspects. Then, the English translation of Cat School is analyzed to facilitate an understanding of how foreignness is represented in these cultural references. The data is categorized into names, in myth-related cultural nuances, customs and cultural practice. The analysis shows that no consistent strategy of foreignization and/or domestication is found, although there is a tendency to borrowing source language when the names or proper nouns per se do not have implicit meaning. While the analysis of the English translation of the Korean children`s books is valuable, it would be more useful if it covers various books which contain many cultural references. Unfortunately, it is difficult at the moment as not many Korean children`s books are translated. Yet, a case study like this one is still meaningful as a first step to further explore the norms of translating Korean culture and society which are foreign to the eyes of the overseas readers.

QTLs for Domestication-related and Agronomic Traits in Temperate Japonica Weedy Rice

오창식,이승준,윤동범,서정필,안상낙 한국육종학회 2004 한국육종학회지 Vol.36 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of the domestication-related traits in weedy rice. An RIL population consisting of 80 lines was developed from a cross between the japonica weedy rice, Hapcheonaengmi 3 and the Tongil-type cultivar Milyang 23. The population was genotyped with 132 DNA markers, providing an average interval size of 11.0cM, and also evaluated for 20 traits related to domestication and agricultural performance. A total of 48 QTLs and two loci associated with qualitative variation for pericarp and base coloration were identified using single point and interval analysis. The number of QTLs per trait ranged from one to six. These 48 QTLs were located in27 intervals distributed on 11 chromosomes except for chromosome 12. The results indicated that most domestication-related traits clustered in chromosomal blocks, and the positions of many of these clusters were consistent with those reported in previous studies. Phenotypic variation associated with each QTL ranged from 7.5 to 31.9%. For 10 (40%) of the QTLs identified for agricultural performance in this study, the Hapcheonaengmi 3-derived allele contributed a desirable agronomic effect despite the overall undesirable characteristics of the weedy phenotype. Favorable wild alleles were detected for days to heading, panicle exsertion, primary branch number, and leaf discoloration related with cold tolerance. When compared with previous studies involving interspecific crosses, it can be concluded that weedy rice is useful as a source of valuable alleles for rice improvement.

Identification of QTLs for domestication-related and agronomic traits in an <i>Oryza sativa</i> × <i>O. rufipogon</i> BC₁F₇ population

Lee, S.-J,Oh, C.-S,Suh, J.-P,McCouch, S. R,Ahn, S.-N Blackwell Verlag GmbH 2005 Plant breeding Vol.124 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P>Asian cultivated rice was domesticated from the wild rice, <I>Oryza rufipogon</I> and throughout the domestication process, a wide range of morphological and physiological changes altered the ancestral form. This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of changes associated with the domestication process. An recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 120 lines was developed from a cross between the <I>japonica</I> cultivar, ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ and a presumed wild progenitor, <I>O. rufipogon</I> Griff. Acc.01944. The population was genotyped with 124 simple sequence length repeat (SSR) markers, providing an average interval size of 15 cM, and also evaluated for 20 traits related to domestication and agricultural performance. A total of 63 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) and one locus associated with qualitative variation for pericarp coloration were identified using single point and composite interval analysis. The number of QTLs per trait ranged from one to seven. Phenotypic variation associated with each QTL ranged from 3.7 to 40.4%, with an average of 15.3%. The results indicated that most domestication-related traits clustered in chromosomal blocks, and the positions of many of these clusters were consistent with those reported in previous studies and with skewed segregation ratios in these BC<SUB>1</SUB>F<SUB>7</SUB> RILs. For 13 (20.6%) of the QTLs identified in this study, the <I>O. rufipogon</I>-derived allele contributed a desirable agronomic effect despite the overall undesirable characteristics of the wild phenotype. Favourable alleles from <I>O. rufipogon</I> were detected for panicle length, spikelets per panicle, days to heading and leaf discoloration associated with cold stress. When compared with previous studies involving interspecific crosses, it can be concluded that <I>O. rufipogon</I> is useful as a source of valuable alleles for rice improvement and that many of the introgressed regions contain genes that have a favourable impact on phenotype in different genetic backgrounds and different environments.</P>

동아시아 고대사회 닭의 확산과 그 함의: 계림의 흰 닭과 ‘꿩 대신 닭’ 사이의 간극

고은별(Eunbyul Ko) 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2021 아시아리뷰 Vol.11 No.1

닭은 사육종 동물 가운데 비교적 최근에 순화된 종으로 중국 및 인도 대륙에서 처음 순화된 이후 전 세계 각지로 확산되었다. 그런데 확산의 속도가 지역마다 균일하지 않고, 인접한 지역에서 사육종화된 닭을 기르더라도 주변 지역으로 곧바로 확산되지 않는 등 다른 사육종 동물의 확산과는 사뭇 다른 양상을 보인다. 사육종 동물을 도입하여 기르는 것은 도입되는 지역의 환경적·경제적·사회적 여건이 모두 충족되어야 하며, 도입된 초기에는 희소성을 가져 위세품으로서의 성격을 지니기도 한다. 한반도에서 닭은 특히 신라 건국세력을 상징하는 동물로 등장하는데, 이는 도입 초기 가지게 된 희소성에 상징성을 더해 정치적으로 활용된 결과라고 생각된다. 그러나 한반도에서는 그 이전 시기부터 꿩을 식재료이자 희생의례의 제물로서 활발히 이용하고 있었기 때문에 사육종 닭이 즉각적으로 이를 대체하지 못했고, 시간이 흐르면서 야생 동물로서 꿩이 가진 단점을 사육종 닭이 보완하게 되면서 서서히 꿩을 대체해 간 것으로 이해하였다. The domestication of chickens occurred relatively recently in the Chinese continent and the Indian sub-continent and has spread to all parts of the world. However, the rate of spread was not uniform in each region, and domesticated chickens did not easily spread to surrounding areas, which is quite different from the case of other domesticated species. Introducing and raising domesticated animals must meet all the environmental, economic, and social conditions of the region into which that animal is being introduced. Once introduced, these animals tend to become regarded as prestige products due to their scarcity. In Korea and Japan, the introduction and spread of chickens took place very slowly despite these regions being located very close to the Chinese continent, one of the central areas of chicken domestication. On the Korean Peninsula, chickens appear to have symbolized the founding power base of Silla, providing political capital due to its scarcity in the early days of its introduction. However, since wild pheasants were actively used for food and sacrificial offerings on the Korean Peninsula, domesticated chickens did not immediately replace them. It was only gradually over time that domesticated chickens replaced the wild pheasants.

베누티의 이국화와 자국화, 그 적용을 위한 고찰

이상원 이화여자대학교 통역번역연구소 2011 T&I review Vol.1 No.-

Korean researchers frequently applyVenuti’s concepts in analyzing translation practice. This paper poses three aspects which need to be considered during the application of those concepts. First, domestication and foreignization are not either-or alternatives. For Venuti, domestication is translation reality rather than a translator’s choice. Second, the two concepts cannot be regarded as linguistic strategies. Intentions and effects are more essential than linguistic intervention itself. Third, it is necessary to consider contexts of Korean translation history and market. Applying theory toseverely different socio-cultural contexts could result in inaccurate analysis and inappropriate domestication. (Seoul National University, Korea)

Appropriating Foreignization for Culturally Responsive Readers

Seoung Yun LEE 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2015 탈경계인문학 Vol.8 No.1

This study explores the possibility of applying foreignization on Gwon Jeong-Saeng’s Mongsil Eonni. Many scholars of literary translation encourage domestication over foreignization, so there exists insufficient finding on the process of foreignized translation of children’s book and the responses of child and adult readers of such translation. Distancing or alienating the target readers from the Source Text (ST) is considered as undesirable by the supporters of domestication. However, despite the widespread notion of domesticating literary texts, Lawrence Venuti offers ways of applying foreignization when translating literary texts of marginalized culture. He argues that alienation is necessary rather than assimilation when reading texts that contain elements of the marginalized culture. Foreign textual elements found in the foreignized text allow the target readers to acknowledge the cultural differences that are easily overlooked when the ST is domesticated. Translation is known to be a medium or tool in exchanging two cultures but the translation fails to play this role when domestication is used. By applying foreignizing translation strategy on Mongsil, the translation delivers the message that Gwon wishes to tell his readers. The confusion and sorrow felt by Koreans of the North and the South due to sudden division and war are key sentiments that the ST author emphasizes throughout his work. Hence, by preserving the foreignness of the political, ideological and cultural terms and notions from the ST, the translation enables a bidirectional interaction between the target readers and the unfamiliar.

另類書寫與本土皈依―“韓國新電影”與中國電影“新生代”的比較

조준병 한국중국현대문학학회 2003 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.27

】Disconformity Writing and Approving of Domestication― Comparison between "New Korean Films" and "the Neo-generation" of Chinese Film Arena

Bypassing Negative Epistasis on Yield in Tomato Imposed by a Domestication Gene

Soyk, Sebastian,Lemmon, Zachary H.,Oved, Matan,Fisher, Josef,Liberatore, Katie L.,Park, Soon Ju,Goren, Anna,Jiang, Ke,Ramos, Alexis,van der Knaap, Esther,Van Eck, Joyce,Zamir, Dani,Eshed, Yuval,Lippma Cell Press 2017 Cell Vol. No.

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Selection for inflorescence architecture with improved flower production and yield is common to many domesticated crops. However, tomato inflorescences resemble wild ancestors, and breeders avoided excessive branching because of low fertility. We found branched variants carry mutations in two related transcription factors that were selected independently. One founder mutation enlarged the leaf-like organs on fruits and was selected as fruit size increased during domestication. The other mutation eliminated the flower abscission zone, providing “jointless” fruit stems that reduced fruit dropping and facilitated mechanical harvesting. Stacking both beneficial traits caused undesirable branching and sterility due to epistasis, which breeders overcame with suppressors. However, this suppression restricted the opportunity for productivity gains from weak branching. Exploiting natural and engineered alleles for multiple family members, we achieved a continuum of inflorescence complexity that allowed breeding of higher-yielding hybrids. Characterizing and neutralizing similar cases of negative epistasis could improve productivity in many agricultural organisms.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mutations in two MADS-box genes were selected in tomato domestication and breeding </LI> <LI> Interaction of the alleles caused extreme inflorescence branching and sterility </LI> <LI> Natural and gene-edited MADS-box alleles provide a range of inflorescence types </LI> <LI> Dosage from selected alleles allows improved inflorescence architecture and yield </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>