혁신의 장애요인이 R&D협력에 미치는 영향

박정수,허문구 기술경영경제학회 2015 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 기업이 직면한 혁신의 장애요인을 자금부족과 정보부족으로 조명하 고 수직적 협력과 수평적 협력에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위해 한국 제조업 대상으로 진행된 기술혁신조사(KIS) 자료를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 혁신의 장애요인인 자금부족은 수 직적 협력에 정(+)의 관계가 있다는 가설은 지지되지 않았다. 하지만, 정보부족은 수직적 협 력과 수평적 협력에 정(+)의 관계가 있다는 가설은 지지되었다. 기존 연구들은 R&D협력의 선행요인으로서 기업 내부의 활동과 관련한 논의를 진행하였으나, 본 연구에서는 이를 혁신 의 장애요인으로 확장하였다. 또한, 경쟁의 구도가 기업과 경쟁사 사이의 기업 간 경쟁에서 서로 다른 협력 집단들 간의 경쟁구도로 변화함에 따라 R&D협력 유형을 범위를 수평적 협 력까지 확장하여 실증 분석하였다. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of factors hampering innovation on firm’s R&D cooperation. We classify the obstacles to innovation into lack of money and information, and also distinguish between horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation. We argue that different obstacles have a differential effect on the types of R&D cooperation. We examined the hypotheses using KIS (Korea Innovation Survey) data. The results show that deficiency of information is positively related to both vertical and horizontal cooperation, however, lack of money is not related to firm’s R&D cooperation. Based on these findings from Korean manufacturing firms, the implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.

소비자생활협동조합의 수직적 통합 요인: 아이쿱생협 사례연구

이선희 ( Lee Sunhee ),최우석 ( Choi Woosuk ) 한국협동조합학회 2018 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.36 No.1

사회적 가치와 경제적 가치를 균형있게 추구하고자 하는 사회적경제에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 사회적경제 조직들이 이 두 가지 가치를 어떠한 전략을 통해 달성하고 있는 지에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 현 시점에서 사회적경제 조직의 경영전략을 분석하고, 그 전략에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보는 것은 중요한 탐구주제이다. 본 논문은 사회적경제 조직 중 하나인 협동조합영역에 있는 아이쿱소비자생활협동조합(이하 아이쿱)을 연구대상으로 아이쿱이 추진하고 있는 수직적 통합 전략을 분석하고 이 전략에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하고자 한다. 수직적 통합 전략에 영향을 주는 요인으로 거래비용이론과 자원근거이론에서 도출한 자산특수성, 환경불확실성, 거래빈도, 전략적 중요성을 살펴보았고, 이 모든 요인이 아이쿱의 수직적 통합에 영향을 주었음을 확인하였다. 특히 전략적 중요성이 모든 수직적 통합 결정에 기반이 되고 있음을 확인하였는데, 그 이유는 한국 생협이 갖고 있는 매우 독특한 특징 때문이다. 그 첫 번째가 생협이 친환경유기물품만을 공급하고 있기 때문이고, 두 번째가 조합원과 경영진 모두 협동조합의 가치를 지키고자 하는 목표를 갖고 있기 때문이다. 아이쿱의 이러한 경험이 사회적경제 조직들의 제조 또는 구매 선택 전략에 있어 시사점을 제시하고 벤치마킹 모델로써 활용될 수 있을 것이라 생각한다. As interest in social economies, which seek to balance social values and economic values, increases, interest in how social economic organizations pursue these two values also increases. It might be meaningful and timely to analyze the management strategy of co-operatives comparing with general enterprises. This study analyzed the vertical integration strategy of the social economic organization iCOOP Consumer Cooperative (hereafter iCOOP), including the factors that affected this strategy. The result shows that asset specificity environmental uncertainty, transaction frequency, and strategic importance affect vertical integration as predicted by the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory. Especially, it was found that strategic importance was placed on all vertical integration decisions. The reason is because of a unique feature of consumer cooperative. The first reason is that the vertical integration was only used to supply organic goods, and the second one is that both members and managements have same goals to protect the values of the consumer cooperatives. These results can be considered in regards to the “make-or-buy decisions” of other social economic organizations and as a model for benchmarking.

원주지역에서의 유기농업 활동과협동조합 역할과의 관계 연구-Delphi Technique을 활용한 인식조사-

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

This study started with two questions. The first question is ‘Why does organic agriculture want to be linked with cooperative?’ The second is ‘What is the charac-teristics of the mutual relationship between organic agriculture and cooperative?’, especially in Wonju. Up to now, there have been various kinds of discussion about cooperation between organic agricultural campaign and cooperative in Wonju. But there are few concrete data showing what role cooperative plays in the cyclical process of production -distribution-consumption of organic agriculture. Thus, we conducted a survey applying the Delphi technique to the 35 organic agricultural specialists active in Wonju. First, small-scale family farm producers established a social economic cooperative network in around 2003 to perform ‘the activities of innovators’ through forming an organization. Producers moved from the stage in which they were supported one-sidedly by consumers to the stage where they could ‘lead’ cooperation. Each farm organization built a vertical integration, and horizontal cooperative systems with other farm organizations. But, practical cooperative activities have remained in the doldrums. They tend to show trends deviating from the principles of organic agriculture and cooperative. Second, the relationship between producers and consumers in Wonju can be described as ‘producer-consumer cooperative type’. In Wonju, the producers’ organization is not a sub-contractor which simply deliver organic agricultural products to producers’ cooperative, but is an equal subject which creates its own value chain. The cooper-ative (cooperative organization) leads distribution and consumption of organic agricultural products and mutual communication. But, the closeness between pro-ducers and consumers has got loosened. And, it is problematic that the proportion of local food consumption in Wonju is very low. There is a very strong tendency to ride the central distribution system of producers’ cooperative coalition. Conse-quently, it is necessary for producers’ cooperatives in Wonju to run a local food distribution system based on the ‘cooperative system among cooperatives’.

협동조합의 지속가능성에 관한 고찰: 조합원 간 협력과 연대를 중심으로

장종익 농협대학교 협동조합경영연구소 2022 협동조합경영연구 Vol.57 No.-

This paper critically reviews the Hansmann’s theory on the emergence and sustainability of cooperatives and proposes the concept of cooperation and solidarity among members as an essential source of cooperatives’ sustainability. It claims that the proposed concept may explain the divergent path of development among cooperatives which have the similar market failure environments and collective decision making costs. The paper argues that the source of the sustainability of cooperative business can be found from the concept of people’s union itself as an important characteristic of cooperatives, and suggests related policy implications. 본 논문은 협동조합의 출현과 지속가능성에 관한 기존 이론 중에서 가장 정합성이 높은 것으로 평가되어온 한스만의 이론을 검토하고 이를 보완하는 설명 개념으로서 조합원 간 협력과 연대에 대하여 서술하고 대표적 실천 사례를 소개하였다. 한스만이 설명하는 시장실패의 정도가 유사하고, 집단적 의사결정비용이 유사한 수준의 협동조합 간에도 발전의 차이가 나타날 수 있는데, 이러한 차이를 설명할 수 있는 요인으로 조합원 간 협력과 연대 개념을 제안하였다. 본 논문은 협동조합의 중요한 특성으로서의 ‘인적 결합체’개념으로 부터 협동조합 비즈니스의 지속가능성의 원천을 찾을 수 있다는 점을 주장하고 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

협동조합형 소매체인의 상대적 장점에 관한 탐색적 연구

장종익 ( Jang Jong-ick ) (사)한국협동조합학회 2020 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 협동조합기본법으로 설립된 협동조합 중에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 소상공인협동조합의 발전전략에 시사점을 제공할 목적으로 프랑스와 독일의 협동조합형 소매체인의 성공 사례를 보고하였다. 그리고 프랜차이즈 소매체인 모델과 협동조합형 소매체인 모델을 비교 분석하였다. 분석의 결과, 협동조합형 소매체인은 체인본부기능을 담당하는 협동조합에 대한 체인점주들의 소유권 보유로 인한 수직적 협력 유인이 있으며, 체인점주들 간 수평적 협력 및 조직학습 유인이 커질 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 두 가지 가설에 입각하여 한국 프랜차이즈의 특수성에서 기인하는 이해관계의 갈등구조를 해소할 수 있는 대안으로서 협동조합형 소매체인모델의 발전을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. This study reports the successful cases of cooperative retail chains in France and Germany with the aim of providing implications for the development strategy of small entrepreneurs’ cooperatives, which account for the largest portion of the cooperatives established under the Framework Act on Cooperatives. A comparative analysis of the cooperative retail chain model against the franchise retail chain model is made. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that cooperative retail chains have vertical cooperative incentives due to the chain owners' possession of co-operatives in charge of chain headquarters functions, and that horizontal cooperation and knowledge transfer motivation among chain store owners may increase. Finally, based on these two hypotheses, the policy implications for the development of the cooperative retail chain model were presented as an alternative to resolving the conflict structure of interests arising from the specificity of Korean franchises.

양돈협동조합의 발전 방안

박종수,김정주 농협대학교 협동조합경영연구소 2003 협동조합경영연구 Vol.30 No.-

Swine cooperatives, like any other enterprise, need to adjust to the changing business environment in order to survive. They no longer in a position to rely on loyalty to a philosophic ideal. they must be proactive and attempt to predict change. Some of the improvement directions I have identified for swine cooperatives in the pork industry in the future are as follows: 1. Swine cooperatives must increase the scale of their organization through orderly consolidation, mergers, joint venture in swine and pork market. 2. Swine cooperatives should consider to conduct strict delivery conditions to obtain bargaining power and to increase market share in the pork industry. 3. Swine cooperatives need to establish vertical integration to manufacture pork products for the pork market. 4. Cooperative need to invite external excellent manager in the cooperative business sector. 5. With changing consumer demands, the business philosophy of swine cooperatives also should be become even more consumer and market-oriented in the future.

한국 친환경농업의 정책적 발전방안에 관한 연구

유덕기,국동전 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is analyze Development policies on environmentalfriendly agriculture(EA) and find out some implications. As consumption of environmental- friendly agriculture products increasing, administrative policies on EA began 1997s and it has been generally expanded in Korea. The strategies for EA aim to promote among human beings and between humanity and nature require. In addition, support to develop horizontal and vertical productions-organization, regionalization, and political support must be further developed. The necessary investments for such concepts can clearly be reduced through cooperation.

상호금융 기업지배구조의 글로벌 추이와 시사점

채희율 한국EU학회 2022 EU학연구 Vol.27 No.3

상호금융은 태생적으로 경영진의 대리인문제에 취약할 수 있기 때문에 상호금융의 지배구조에 대해서 주식회사 금융기관에 비해 오히려 더 많은 주의가 필요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한국 상호금융은 금융회사 지배구조에 관한 법률의 적용 대상에서 제외되어 있는 가운데 지배구조가 취약한 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 향후 상호금융 지배구조 개선을 위해 노력할 필요가 있다. 이 글은 이러한 관점에서 글로벌 금융위기 이후 유럽 등 해외 상호금융의 동향에 대한 분석을 통해 한국 상호금융 기업지배구조에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다. 이 글이 제시하는 시사점은 상호금융 기업지배구조에 대한 감독 방향, 수직적 계열화의 강화 필요성 및 상호금융 자본 확충으로 요약될 수 있다. 감독 개선을 위해서 가칭 “상호금융 지배구조에 관한 법률”을 제정할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 국제신용협동조합 감독당국네트워크(ICURN)의 기업지배구조 원칙을 기반으로 하고 세계신용협동조합연합(WOCCU)이 강조하는 비례성 원칙을 존중하여야 한다. 내부통제 및 리스크관리의 효율성 제고와 자본 확충을 위해서는 신협과 새마을금고에서 각각 이탈리아 및 네덜란드에서와 같이 조합의 영업 및 재무 수직계열화를 고려할 수 있다. 아울러 인도에서와 같이 상호금융의 외부자금 조달 제약 완화 정책도 고려될 수 있다.

R&D협력이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 -흡수능력의 조절효과-

박정수 ( Jung Su Park ),허문구 ( Moon Goo Huh ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2015 인적자원관리연구 Vol.22 No.2

We develop the hypotheses which examine the relationship between R&D cooperation and innovation performance, and the moderating role of absorptive capacity in explaining the relation between R&D cooperation and innovation performance. This study classifies R&D cooperation into cooperation on the supply chain (vertical cooperation) and cooperation with competitors (horizontal cooperation). We examined the hypotheses using KIS (Korea Innovation Survey) data. The results show that both vertical and horizontal cooperation are positively related to product innovation. However, the hypothesis that supposes horizontal cooperation should influence product innovation more than vertical cooperation was not supported. Also, this study classifies absorptive capacity into potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity. The specific hypotheses are as follows; The positive relationship between vertical cooperation and product performance is stronger when potential capacity is high. However other hypotheses are not supported.

기업간 협력협의체 성과의 결정요인에 관한 연구: 일본 사례를 참고한 수탁기업협의회 분석

김영미,이형오 한일경상학회 2021 韓日經商論集 Vol.90 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to figure out the factors which determine the performance of Inter-firm cooperation councils with reference to the experiences of Japanese firms. An Inter-firm cooperation council is an organization where firms in a vertical value chain participate and cooperate each other to enhance the performance of firms inside a business ecosystem. Research design, data, and methodology: This research tries to analyze the relationship among various variables such as Industry Type, Necessity of Inter-Firm Cooperation, Core Firm Size, Self-Motivation of Organization Formation, and Performance of Cooperative Supplier Council while suggesting five hypotheses with the theoretical backgrounds of transaction cost theory and RBV. Data for the analysis were collected in 2017 for 268 cases of Cooperative Supplier Council and 213 cases were finally used for the analysis. One-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were applied to test the hypotheses, and SPSS was used for the analysis. Results: Firstly, there is no statistically meaningful relationship between Industry Type and Necessity of Inter-Firm Cooperation (H-1). However, the necessity was relatively very high in the case of the automobile industry while that was relatively low in the distribution industry. Secondly, either Necessity of Inter-Firm Cooperation or Core Firm Size respectively has a positive effect on Performance of Cooperative Supplier Council (H2-1, H3-1). Thirdly, the effect of Necessity of Inter-Firm Cooperation on Performance of Cooperative Supplier Council was higher in the case of non-voluntary formation of the council rather than in the case of voluntary formation. Implications: As to strategic implication for firms, it can be said that firms in a vertical value chain had better form or participate in a inter-firm cooperation council when the necessity of cooperation between vertically linked businesses is very high. In addition, this article suggests the following policy implications. Firstly, the policy makers had better consider the characteristics of industries and firms when they try to expand the application of the council system. Secondly, the council system had better be applied to cases where large firms are a core firm of the council because a large firm has more competence in managing the council rather than a smaller firm. Thirdly, it is still very meaningful as a policy direction to explore and support additional new formation of Cooperative Supplier Council when the necessity of cooperation among vertically interconnected firms in a value chain is high.