정지가동상태에서 자동차에 의한 오염물질 배출에 관한 연구

이범진,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of exhaust emission of vehicles from Yesan Gun area. During 1995 through 1996, 360 vehicles were sampled randomly and analyzed by vehicle owner's characteristics, owner's vehicle manufacturing companies, owner's vehicle purchase types(new or used), owner's vehicle residence, owner's vehicle types, vehicle fuels used, vehicle mileages, and vehicle model years, also vehicle exhaust emissions on idling condition were measured. To evaluate the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine vehicles(n=140) by particulate, those of the gasoline engine vehicles (n=220) were examined by CO and HC. The results were as follows; 1. The frequency of vehicle owner's gender was 287 persons in male and 18 persons in female, whereas that of vehicle purchase types(new or used) was 306 persons in new vehicles and 53 person in used vehicles. The frequency of owner's vehicle residence was 214 persons in town area and 144 persons in rural area, whereas that of owner's vehicle manufacturing companies was 141 persons in A company vehicles, 141 person in B company, 42 persons in C company, and 35 persons in D company. 2. The mean value of vehicle model years was 3.2±2.9 years in gasoline engine vehicles and 3.1±1.8 years in diesel engine vehicles, whereas that of vehicle mileage was 5.6±4.3(10,000Km) in gasoline engine vehicles and 6.1±6.5(10,000Km) in diesel engine vehicles. But no significant difference in vehicle model years and vehicle mileages between the diesel engine vehicles and the gasoline engine vehicles was observed The mean value of vehicle exhaust emission of CO or HC was 0.70 ± 1.75 ppm (CO) and 93.29 ± 127.96 ppm (HC) in gasoline engine vehicles, respectively, whereas that of vehicle exhaust emission of particulate was 34.31 ± 12.02 in diesel engine vehicles. 3. In pearson's correlation analysis of gasoline engine vehicles, HC was correlated with CO(r=0.64, p=0.0001), vehicle mileage(r=0.25, p=0.0002), vehicle model year(r=0.23, p=0.0006), and remnant period of regular exhaust emission examination(r=0.09, p=0.1925). In pearson's correlation analysis of diesel engine vehicles, particulate was correlated with remnant period of regular exhaust emission examination(r=0.16, p=0.0599), vehicle model year(r=0.09, p=0.2745), and vehicle mileage(r=0.01, p=0.8297). 4. Multiple linear regression analysis using CO as dependent variable and selected variables(owner's gender, owner's age, vehicle manufacturing company, vehicle purchase type, remnant period of regular exhaust emission examination, vehicle mileage, and vehicle model year) as independent variables, revealed that none of them was significant to the dependent variable. Multiple linear regression analysis using HC as dependent variable and selected variables as independent variables, revealed that owner's gender was significant(p=0.012) to the dependent variable, and vehicle model year was marginally significant(p=0.063). Multiple linear regression analysis using particulate as dependent variable and selected variables as independent variables, revealed that vehicle model year was significant(p=0.015) to the dependent variable, and vehicle mileage was marginally significant(p=0.096). 5. Logistic analysis of the excess of exhaust emission criteria of CO with selected independent variables(owner's gender, owner's age, vehicle manufacturing company, vehicle purchase type, remnant period of regular exhaust emission examination, vehicle mileage, and vehicle model year) indicated that only vehicle model year was significant to the dependent variable(odds ration=1.233, 95% confidence interval : 1.094- 1.389). Logistic analysis of the excess of exhaust emission criteria of HC or particulate with selected independent variables indicated that none was significant to the dependent variable, respectively.

자동차 소음기 특성 및 배기소음 개선 방안

이재원(Lee, Jae-Won),강대준(Kang, Dae-Joon),구진회(Gu, J.H.) 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.12

Vehicles are exhausting various environmental pollutions such as exhaust gas, noise, and so on. This study investigates only noise problems by vehicles, especially the vehicle exhaust noise. It is known that the exhaust noise among vehicle noises is over 20% of those when the vehicle is suddenly accelerated or normally accelerated. In this study, we mainly investigate the exhaust noise of vehicle so that we intend to show the measures to decrease the illegal tuning mufflers and reduce the exhaust noise problems. In the conclusion, we suggest the new appropriate standard to control the tuning mufflers and reduce the exhaust noise induced by vehicles.

초공동 수중비행체의 공동영역 내부에서 분사된 배기가스가 수중비행체의 항력에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치해석적 연구

유상원(Sang Won Yoo),이우근(Woo Keun Lee),김태순(Tea Soon Kim),곽영균(Young Kyun Kwack),고성호(Sung Ho Ko) 대한기계학회 2015 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.39 No.12

초공동 수중비행체는 수중에서 시속 300 km 이상의 속력을 가진다. 초공동 수중비행체는 로켓추진을 동력으로 사용하기 때문에 초공동 수중비행체의 수치해석은 물과 수증기, 배기가스로 이루어진 다상 유동을 다루게 된다. 배기가스가 수중비행체에 미치는 영향은 초공동 수중 비행체 성능연구에 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 초공동 수중비행체 주변의 유동장에 대한 수치해석을 통하여 배기가스가 비행체의 항력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 배기가스가 없는 경우, 수중비행체를 둘러싼 초공동으로 물이 유입되는 재유입현상에 의해 수중비행체 항력의 변화가 발생한다. 추진체가 있는 경우 배출되는 가스는 재유입현상에 의한 영향을 감소시킨다. 또한 배기가스는 마하디스크를 생성하며 그 영향을 받아 항력 변화가 발생한다. A supercavitating vehicle has a speed of more than 300 km/h in water. A numerical analysis of the flow around a supercavitating vehicle must deal with a multiphase flow consisting of the water, vapor and exhaust gas because the vehicle is powered by roket propulsion. The effect of the exhaust gas on the vehicle is an important part in the study of the performance of the supercavitating vehicle. In the present study, the effect of the exhaust gas on the drag of vehicle was investigated by conducting numerical analysis. When there is no exhaust gas, drag of vehicle is affected by re-entrant. In the case with rocket propulsion, the exhaust gas reduces the influence of re-entrant. The exhaust gas also creates Mach disk and it changes drag profile.

초공동 수중비행체의 공동영역 내부에서 분사된 배기가스가 수중비행체의 항력에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치해석적 연구

유상원(S.W. Yoo),이우근(W.K. Lee),김태순(T.S. Kim),곽영균(Y.K. Kwak),고성호(S.H. Ko) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

Rocket propelled supercavitation under-water vehicle has very high speed. Exhaust gases are locked in cavity in the water. In other words, cavity in the water is consist of gas and vapor. So it is important how exhaust gas affect to under-water vehicle. In this paper, numerical analysis of supercavitating flows are performed 3 phase fluid consisted of water, vapor and exhaust gas. As a results, exhaust flow backward into vehicle because of density contrast between water and exhaust gas. back flow gas decrease drag force change of under-water vehicle. Numerical analysis are performed to investigate effect on drag force by back flow of exhaust by changing the shape of the underwater vehicle.

하이브리드 자동차의 효율적 배기열회수시스템 개발을 통한 연비 개선

이재헌(Jaeheon Lee),온형석(Hyungseok Ohn),최재형(Jaeyoung Choi),김석준(Seokjoon Kim),민병순(Byungsoon Min) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

Since the propulsion systems of vehicle have changed from a single energy source based on conventional internal combustion engine to hybrid system including more electrical system such as full type of hybrid electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, a new transition associated with vehicle thermal management arises. The success of improved fuel economy is the proper integration of thermal management components which are appropriately performed to reduce friction and wasted energy. The thermal management systems of vehicle are able to balance the multiple needs such as heating, cooling, or appropriate operation within specified temperature ranges of propulsion systems. More efficient thermal management systems are required to improve the fuel economy in the hybrid electric vehicles because of the driving of electric traction motor and the increase of engine off time. The decrease of engine operation time may not sustain the proper temperature ranges of engine and gearbox. As an engine starts at low ambient temperature, heat from the wasted heat of exhausted gas can be supplied to engine and gearbox at initial warm-up. This research describes the one of cost effective thermal management solutions recovering exhaust gas heat exchanging system with coolant and gear box oil simultaneously. It is more advantageous to increase the temperature of the engine oil or gear box oil rather than to increase the coolant temperature. Consequently, the experimental result of this system improved 2.5% of fuel economy at UDDS drive cycles. The main benefit using exhaust gas heat recovery system is fuel economy improvement. However, to practically apply recent thermal management technologies in commercial use, not only improved performance for the low energy density but also cost in a viable vehicle package are necessary in general. Developed exhaust gas heat recovery system of integrated heat exchanger type is 6 times more competitive than coolant only type’s and more effective solution than Rankine cycle type’s in passenger vehicle.

자동차 배출가스 중 BTEX의 비율과 C₂-benzenes의 상관성 연구

문선희 ( Sunhee Mun ),정택호 ( Taekho Chung ),정성운 ( Sungwoon Jung ),김선문 ( Sunmoon Kim ),서석준 ( Seokjun Seo ),이승환 ( Seounghwan Lee ),김정화 ( Jounghwa Kim ),홍유덕 ( Youdeog Hong ),홍희경 ( Heekyoung Hong ) 한국액체미립화학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, BTEX ratios and correlation of C₂-benzenes (xylenes, ethylbenzene) in vehicle exhaust from recreational vehicle (RV) and multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. VOCs were collected by tedlar bag and a GC/MS system was used for their quantification. Among all of the BTEX, toluene has the highest concentration(more than 30% in composition of BTEX). The average ratio of toluene to benzene emissions (T/B ratio=2.2) was found in vehicle exhaust. The average m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene/o-xylene ratios were 1.0 and 3.0 respectively. As a result, it showed a good correlation between the C₂-benzenes (R2=0.98~0.99). In the future, it can be used as a marker for effect evaluation to atmospheric environment by vehicle exhaust.

자동차 배출가스 중 BTEX의 비율과 C2-benzenes의 상관성 연구

문선희,정택호,정성운,김선문,서석준,이승환,김정화,홍유덕,홍희경 한국분무공학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, BTEX ratios and correlation of C2-benzenes (xylenes, ethylbenzene) in vehicle exhaust from recreational vehicle (RV) and multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. VOCs were collected by tedlar bag and a GC/MS system was used for their quantification. Among all of the BTEX, toluene has the highest concentration(more than 30% in composition of BTEX). The average ratio of toluene to benzene emissions (T/B ratio=2.2) was found in vehicle exhaust. The average m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene/o-xylene ratios were 1.0 and 3.0 respectively. As a result, it showed a good correlation between the C2-benzenes (R2=0.98~0.99). In the future, it can be used as a marker for effect evaluation to atmospheric environment by vehicle exhaust.

Prediction of Exhaust Contaminant of Gasoline Vehicles Based on Grey Model GM (1,1) and Artificial Neural Networks

Jingbin Song,Shuzhao Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.11

Exhaust contaminant of gasoline vehicles is a crucial aspect to measure the vehicle performances and the air pollutions. According to the feature of vehicles, the emission of exhaust contamination of a vehicle is different as time goes by, which shows an increase tendency in most of the cases. Measuring the changes of a vehicle's exhaust contaminant emission is of great importance in the field of vehicle engineering. However, it is hard to determine and find out the regulations of the emission, needing a long time for regular determination and advanced relevant machines. In this article, we aim at providing two novel methods for the prediction of exhaust contaminant of gasoline vehicles, using grey model GM (1,1) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) models respectively. Results show that both the GM (1,1) model and ANN models are comparatively precise for the prediction. The GM (1,1) model can quickly obtain the predicted values of exhaust contaminant, but it is less precise than ANN models. However, ANN models need more time for the training process, compared to GM (1,1) mo

Elevated production of NH₄NO₃ from the photochemical processing of vehicle exhaust: Implications for air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Region

Link, Michael F.,Kim, Jounghwa,Park, Gyutae,Lee, Taehyoung,Park, Taehyun,Babar, Zaeem Bin,Sung, Kijae,Kim, Pilho,Kang, Seokwon,Kim, Jeong Soo,Choi, Yongjoo,Son, Jihawn,Lim, Ho-Jin,Farmer, Delphine K. Elsevier 2017 Atmospheric environment Vol.156 No.-

<P>A vehicle fleet representative of passenger vehicles driven in the Seoul Metropolitan Region was investigated for primary emissions and secondary chemistry. Exhaust was photochemically oxidized in a flow reactor to determine the ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) aerosol formation potential from vehicles of gasoline, diesel and liquid petroleum gasoline (LPG) fuel types. Secondary formation of aerosol NH4NO3, was larger than primary emissions for all vehicle fuel types except diesel, for which negligible secondary NH4NO3 production was observed. Although diesel vehicles emitted more primary nitrogen oxides than other vehicle types, ammonia emitted from gasoline and liquid petroleum gasoline fuels types limited the secondary production of NH4NO3. The results suggest that gasoline and liquid petroleum gasoline vehicles with three-way catalysts could be an important source of ammonia for NH4NO3 aerosol formation in ammonia-limited environments, including the Seoul Metropolitan Region. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

이륜자동차 정기검사 결과분석을 통한 검사제도 개선연구

이준석,한성길,조홍재,김호경,석광진,김용달,오태석 사단법인 한국자동차안전학회 2024 자동차안전학회지 Vol.16 No.1

With a sustained increase in the number of reported registrations for two-wheeled vehicles and the simultaneous growth of the domestic two-wheeled vehicle market, fueled by the activation of contactless industries and a rising population engaging in recreational two-wheeled vehicles during the COVID-19 era, concerns regarding safety incidents and environmental issues have come to the forefront. While the regular inspection methods and environmental standards for four-wheeled vehicles are becoming more stringent for safety and environmental management, the same cannot be said for two-wheeled vehicles. As the market for two-wheeled vehicles continues to expand, there is a pressing need for improvements in the management and inspection of these vehicles. In this study, we analyze cases of non-compliance from the results of periodic inspections over the past five years, specifically focusing on illegal customizations, exhaust emissions testing, and exhaust noise results. Through this analysis, we elucidate the necessity for enhancing the inspection system for two-wheeled vehicles, drawing parallels with the inspection systems applied to conventional automobiles. The findings of this research contribute to advocating for improvements in the inspection regime for two-wheeled vehicles, addressing the growing concerns related to safety and environmental impact.