지속가능한 주거단지 계획모형 개발

박원규 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

There have been endeavors for sustainable development all over the world after the Rio World Summit and the idea of sustainable development has become common paradigm. Now, Korea has come to a situation where we need to apply the concept of sustainable development inevitably. Especially housing estate development must be preliminary change for sustainable development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to establish sustainable planning element system of housing estate, and to propose a sustainable planning model compatible with the Korean situation. The scope of this study focused on typical multi-family housing estates in Korea and the environmental sustainable planning model. The model was developed from the evaluation of the important level and extra costs of planning elements for sustainable development of housing estate. The important level of planning principles and elements was analyzed by conducting a survey to experts. As the results of this study, four planning section ('land use and transport', 'pollution and waste', 'energy', and 'natural resource') and twelve planning items were identified. Twenty-one planning principles and fifty-five planning elements were found. Synthetically, the sustainable planning element system is composed of four planning sections, twelve planning items, twenty-one planning principles, and fifty-five planning elements. Based on survey to experts, $\ulcorner$The short-term strategic model$\lrcorner$ was developed for the social implosion of sustainable development, which is composed of ten basic elements, eighteen necessary elements, twelve optional elements, and seven arbitrary elements. $\ulcorner$The long-term future model$\lrcorner$was developed for application to from 10 to 15 years later. It is composed of fifteen basic elements, thirty-three necessary elements, and seven optional elements. The planning model proposed by this study can be used as a prototype for the development of a sustainable housing estate and can provide a practical tool for developers and planners who are not familiar with the concept of sustainable development.

The Process of Ideological Implementation of Sustainable Development in Mongolia and Further Approach

Gungaa Baljinnyam(발진냠) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.3

Research work in titled “The process of ideological implementation of sustainable development in Mongolia and further approach” considered Mongolian sustainable development trends and its strategy implementation, International collaboration, World sustainable development strategy reform on the ground of studying origin, evolution and theory of the concept “Sustainable Development”. The research article consists of the Introduction, Historical analysis on Sustainable Development, World sustainable development strategy, Mongolian based on World Sustainable Development strategy, Conclusion and References. Introduction commented rational and necessities of the study issue. The following chapter mentioned about the study of origin, evolution and theory of the concept “Sustainable Development”. The third chapter marked out the World sustainable development strategy and its reforming process. The research on Mongolian sustainable development policy, trends and its International collaboration survey explained in the fourth chapter of this article. Finally Mongol wisdom of living in harmony with the nature becomes one of basic principles of the Global Sustainable Development. Thus there’s drawn a general conclusion that is important to implement through determining collaborative strategy and creating new laugh outs to improve sustainable development level and its successful implementation in Mongolia.

High School Students’ Attitudes towards Sustainable Development: An Exploratory Investigation

권혁수 대한공업교육학회 2015 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Sustainable development brings many potential dvantages to the society and environment. As such, many educational communities have concentrated on incorporating this concept into their educational programs for the K-12 classrooms. The K-12 technology educators have also exerted efforts to infuse the sustainable development concept into the K-12 national-curriculum level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school students’ attitudes towards sustainable development. The study participants were 1,073 high school students from six high schools in Gyeonggi province. A self-reported instrument was used to obtain the students’ demographic information and to come up with an attitudinal scale towards sustainable development. This study employed statistical ways of exploring the attitudinal level of the South Korean high school students and of describing the subcategories of the sustainable development. The findings described the high school students’ attitudes towards sustainable development with regard to three components: (1) cognition of sustainable development; (2) practices in pursuit of sustainable development; and (3) perception of the ducation for sustainable development. The exploratory factor analysis supported three perspectives of the students’ attitudes towards sustainable development. Also, the qualitative data collected and analyzed from the students’ responses to the open-ended question posed to them indicated two domains of the students’ cognition of and practices in pursuit of sustainable development. These findings were made on the bases of several recommendations regarding the research on and implementation of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD). Sustainable development brings many potential advantages to the society and environment. As such, many educational communities have concentrated on incorporating this concept into their educational programs for the K-12 classrooms. The K-12 technology educators have also exerted efforts to infuse the sustainable development concept into the K-12 national-curriculum level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school students’ attitudes towards sustainable development. The study participants were 1,073 high school students from six high schools in Gyeonggi province. A self-reported instrument was used to obtain the students’ demographic information and to come up with an attitudinal scale towards sustainable development. This study employed statistical ways of exploring the attitudinal level of the South Korean high school students and of describing the subcategories of the sustainable development. The findings described the high school students’ attitudes towards sustainable development with regard to three components: (1) cognition of sustainable development; (2) practices in pursuit of sustainable development; and (3) perception of the ducation for sustainable development. The exploratory factor analysis supported three perspectives of the students’ attitudes towards sustainable development. Also, the qualitative data collected and analyzed from the students’ responses to the open-ended question posed to them indicated two domains of the students’ cognition of and practices in pursuit of sustainable development. These findings were made on the bases of several recommendations regarding the research on and implementation of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD).

21세기 지식기반사회에서의 지속가능발전교육 방향 탐색

지승현,남영숙 한국환경교육학회 2007 環境 敎育 Vol.20 No.1

In spite of the perceived importance of sustainable development in society, we still fails to reflect consistently our best understandings about the sustainable development and education for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to inquire into the orientation of education for sustainable development in the 21st Century knowledge-based society. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, it is necessary to provide newly defined sustainable development which enables us to transform unsustainable way of life into environmentally sound and sustainable development. Education for sustainable development is defined as a basic education that have a mature understanding among the human, nature and wisdom of life Second, we should emphasis on a system thinking, basic communication in order to encourage education for sustainable development as a learning strategy. Third we should suggest both individual and community learning education for sustainable development. Finally, we develope knowledge system of sustainable development in accordance with the theories of knowledge management.In conclusion, it is necessary to approach education for sustainable development in the context of the knowledge-based society and the information age. It enables us enhance a new awareness and attitudes towards sustainable development. Furthermore, it is expected to deve-

지속가능한 동시베리아 지역공동체 발전전략 연구

강상인 ( Kang Sang In ),제갈운 한국환경정책평가연구원 2017 사업보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

본 연구는 동아시아 환경공동체 발전전략 개발 및 협력사업의 세부과제로 진행되며, 2016년 경제인문사회연구회 협동연구로 수행한 「녹색경제 전환을 위한 국가생산자원구조(TPRS) 분석과 한-러 연계 발전전략 연구」와 연계하여 후속 연구로 진행되었다. 2017년 연구는 동시베리아의 환경과 경제 및 사회 중심의 기존 지속가능발전 논의구조에 더하여, 지역이 가진 역사적 경험과 민족적 다양성을 가장 잘 반영하고 있다고 여겨지는 지역공동체의 문화적 측면에 대한 고찰을 추가하였으며, 이를 통해 지속가능한 동시베리아 지역의 지역공동체 발전전략의 도출을 연구주제로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 러시아과학아카데미 산하 바이칼자원관리연구소와 야쿠티아과학센터가 참여하여 국내외 문헌연구 및 현지사례 조사를 수행하였고, 연구기관 공동연구 세미나 및 포럼 등을 통해 맡은 분야의 연구결과를 정리하였으며, 본 원이 최종보고서 집필작업을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 제2장에서는 동시베리아 지역의 지속가능발전 여건에 대한 고찰을 위해 해당 지역의 지리·환경 여건, 사회경제 현황, 주변 국가와의 경제협력을 살펴보았다. 제1절에서는 시베리아·극동 지역의 지리·환경적 여건을 살펴보았는데, 시베리아·극동 연방관구는 아시아와 유럽을 잇는 전략적 위치로 한국, 중국, 몽골 등과 국경을 접하며, 해양을 통해 일본 등 아태 지역과 연결되고, 대규모 운송망 정비를 통해 아태 지역과 유럽을 연결하는 물류의 요충지이다. 이 지역은 러시아에서 가장 큰 면적을 차지하고 있으나, 인구가 러시아 전체의 4.4%에 불과하고, 평균 인구밀도가 m2 당 1명으로 발전에 필요한 양질의 인적 자원이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 제2절과 제3절에서는 사회경제 현황과 주변국과의 경제협력에 대한 조사 및 분석을 수행하였다. 이 지역의 주요 산업은 광업, 수산업 등에 편중되어 있고, 교역 부문은 에너지, 천연자원, 광물자원에 편중되어 있으며, 주변국과의 협력도 대부분 자원 수출과 관련된 분야에 집중되어 있어 지속가능성의 측면에서 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자원 수출 위주의 경제구조로 지역경제구조 내에 지속가능발전 여건 제고를 위해 환경 분야에 대한 고려가 더욱 필요한 상황이다. 제3장에서는 동시베리아 지역의 지속가능발전에 관련된 영향인자를 살펴보았다. 제1절 기후변화 영향에서는 IPCC의 지역별 전망을 통해 전 세계 및 해당 지역의 기후변화 영향에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 기후변화 영향으로 동시베리아와 극동 북부지역에서는 영구동토대의 해동으로 인해 이탄층의 다양한 온실가스가 대기 중으로 확산될 가능성이 있으며, 이러한 사실들을 반영하여 동시베리아와 극동 지역의 사회경제발전 과정에서 기존에 비해 더욱 강화된 기후 회복력 증진정책의 수행을 요구하고 있다. 또한 극동·시베리아 지역의 경우 기후변화로 인한 고온현상 및 토양의 수분 변화로 인해 천수답에 대한 농업 적응도의 상승이 예상되는 지역에 해당하는 것으로 조사되었다. 제2절에서는 최근 새롭게 부상하는 ‘문화의 지속가능성’과 관련하여 해당 지역의 지속가능성에 대한 고찰을 위해 동시베리아 지역의 전통과 문화적 다양성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 문화적 요소를 고려한 지속가능발전 개념의 재구성을 통해 자본주의 자유경쟁 시장경제에 한정된 경제적 관점의 지속가능발전 논의가 가진 한계를 극복할 수 있는 지속가능발전의 새로운 축으로 문화가 고려될 수 있다는 점을 제시하였다. 그리고 지속가능발전의 관점에서 부리야트 자치공화국의 문화적 지속가능성에 대한 고찰을 진행하였는데, 부리야트 자치공화국은 민족 구성 및 민족 간 문화의 조화, 불교, 샤머니즘, 기독교 등의 다양한 종교가 공존하고, 과거 문화유산의 가치가 보존되고 있으며, 동시에 새로운 문화적 도전을 진행한다는 점에서 문화적 지속가능성의 잠재력이 높은 지역으로 판단되나, 인구의 유출과 경제적 빈곤 등의 위협요소가 존재한다. 제3절에서는 러시아 연방과 해당 지역의 지역개발계획을 살펴보았는데, 주목할 점은 주요 지역개발계획은 석유·가스전 개발 등과 관련된 프로젝트를 추진하고 있으며, 이 지역에 대한 외국 자본의 투자도 대부분 천연자원 채취와 관련된 분야에 집중되어 있다는 점이다. 또한 동시베리아·극동 지역 개발계획을 살펴보고 앞 절들의 내용을 정리하여 동시베리아 지역 지속가능발전의 영향인자와 잠재력에 대한 고찰이 향후 공동의 역사적 경험과 다양한 자연인문환경을 바탕으로 지역공동체 관점의 지속가능발전 전략을 구상하고 실천하는 데 유용할 것이라는 점을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결론에 해당하는 제4장에서는 서로 다른 사회경제발전 경로를 걸어 온 역내 국가들이 존재하는 지역 여건에 부합하는 지속가능한 지역공동체 발전전략의 이론적 기반에 대한 고찰 및 해당 지역에서 활용이 가능한 역내 정책연구 협력 메커니즘을 살펴보고, 실질적으로 수행할 수 있는 정책연구 협력 분야와 추진방안을 정리하였다. 제1절에서는 동시베리아 지역공동체 관점의 지속가능발전 논의 확장을 통해 자본주의 시장경제체제에는 기존의 지속가능발전 논의에 문화, 전통, 평화, 인권 등의 주제를 대입하기 힘든 부분이 존재하지만 자본주의 시장경제와는 다른 사회경제발전 경험을 특징으로 하는 동시베리아 지역에서는 지속가능한 지역공동체 발전전략 연구에 기존의 논의와 차별화된 보다 포괄적이고 확장된 논의구조가 필요하다는 것을 제시했다. 제2절에서는 지역공동체 구축을 위한 협력 메커니즘으로 기존에 본 원과 러시아과학아카데미 산하의 바이칼연구소 및 부리야트 국립대학 등이 체결한 MOU를 활용하는 방안과 러시아·중국·몽골 몽골리안플라토 연구 네트워크에 한국(KEI)이 참여하는 방법, 한-시베리아포럼의 추진 등을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 3절에서는 지역공동체 구축을 위한 우선협력 분야로 자연환경, 사회경제발전 경험과 관련된 지역 특성을 고려하여, 농업, 문화 및 관광, 운송 및 기계, 자원 에너지 분야를 제시하였다. This study is conducted as the detailed tasks of development strategies and collaborative projects of the environmental community in East Asia. It is a follow-up study in connection with the 'Study on Analysis of National Production Resource Structure (TPRS) for Transformation into Green Economy and Korea-Russia Interlinked Development Strategy,' was conducted as a collaborative study by the Korea Council of Humanities Social Research Institute in 2016. In addition to the discussion of the environment, economy, and society-oriented existing sustainable development in East Siberia, the study in 2017 add a discussion about the cultural aspects of regional community. The cultural aspects are reviewed to reflect the historical experiences and ethnic diversity of the region. Through this, the study aims to derive a sustainable development strategy of the regional community in East Siberia. This study presents investigation findings of the local and international literature reviews and case studies. The Academy of Sciences of Yakutia and Baikal Institute of Nature Management of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (BINM SB RAS) participated in the research. A summary of the study results in the field through collaborative study seminars and forums is provided. The results content presented is written and produced in the final report by the research institutions and the Korea Economic Institute (KEI). Chapter 2 in this study discusses geography, environment conditions, socioeconomic status, and economic cooperation with surrounding countries in the region in order to review the sustainable development circumstances in East Siberia. Section 1 in Chapter 2 investigates the geographical and environmental conditions of Siberia and Far East Asia region. Sections 2 and 3 conduct an examination and analysis of the socioeconomic status and economic cooperation with the surrounding nations. The main industries in this region are concentrated in mining and fisheries. The primary forms of trade are focused on energy, natural resources, and mining resources. Most of the cooperation with surrounding nations is also concentrated on resource export and related fields, which are regarded negative from the perspective of sustainability. In addition, consideration on the environmental fields is urgently needed more than ever to increase the sustainable development conditions within the regional economy structure, which to date has been resource export-oriented. Chapter 3 discusses the impact factors related to the sustainable development in East Siberia. Section 1 in Chapter 3 conducts analyses on the impact of climate change on the region and the world through regional prospects conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with regard to the impact of climate change. Section 2 reviews the tradition and cultural diversity in East Siberia to discuss the sustainability in the region in relation to the newly rising issue of 'cultural sustainability.' To do this, this study suggests that culture may be considered as a new axis of the sustainable development. An examination of culture can overcome limitations in the discussion on sustainable development from an economic perspective. Such viewpoints are previously confined to the capitalist-free competitive market economy through re-structure of the concept of sustainable development considering cultural factors. Section 3 reviewesd the development plans in East Siberia and Far East Asia. The section presents a discussion about impact factors and the potential of sustainable development in East Siberia. It will be useful to devise and practice the sustainable development strategy from the regional community perspective. This may be attainable based on shared historical experiences and diverse natural humanity environments in the future by summarizing the aforementioned content in the previous sections. Chapter 4 presents the conclusions of this study. Here, discussions about the theoretical basis of sustainable development strategies for the regional community are presented. The discussion subjects are matched with the regional conditions where regional nations have different socioeconomic development paths. The cooperative mechanism of regional policy studies that can be applicable to the region is also examined. Finally, cooperative fields of policy study that can be executed in practice and promotional measures are summarized.

지속가능한 발전의 사회학적 고찰

정대연 ( Dai Yeun Jeong ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2003 환경영향평가 Vol.12 No.1

The term sustainable development is being used widely since WCED suggested it in 1987. This paper aims at catching up its sociological implications. For doing this, the paper examined some major existing researches on sustainable development.It was found that sustainable development has been defined as an economic development with the preservation of nature as an environment of human life. In this sense, the existing concept of sustainable development is an economic perspective. Sustainable development as an economic perspective is faced with some limitations and/or problems. They are summarized as follows. The human-made environment is excluded from the concept of sustainable development. Its ideology is anthroponcentric in that the sustainability of nature is a necessary condition for economic development. The objective reference which can measure whether the current state of nature is sustainable or not is not proposed. Consequently, sustainable debelopment results in merelt a survivability of economy, a new form of economic utility and/or a successful economy. In terms of sociological perspective, economy and nature can not be sustainable without other social factors being sustainable, because all social factors including economy and nature exist in a causal mechanism. This means that sustainable development should be approached from a multi-dimensional perspective. The multi-dimensional approach can be a framework of sustatinable development in terms of whole society, then can be tremed sustainable society which implies not a sustatainable society which implies not a sustainable development, but a societal development. The factors which should be included in the sustainable society are, at least,economy,population as an aggregate,mode of living existence of people as a cultural actor,thchnology,and social structure.

생태적 근대화, 지속가능발전, 그리고 우리나라에서의 함의

고철환(Chul-Hwan Koh) 인제대학교 인간환경미래연구원 2008 인간 · 환경 · 미래 Vol.- No.1

This essay is intended primarily to enhance understandings of ecological modernization and sustainable development for general readers who are interests in issues of environments in relation to economic growth in the Korean society. It is well known that ecological modernization is an empirical theory developed by highly industrialized european countries. It describes the technological developments and environmental policy in terms of the precautionary principle for pollution prevention from the very onset in the early 1980's. Ecological modernization emphasizes the institutional reform which can prevent the devastation of the environment. Sustainable development was often seen as a further developed practice of ecological modernization. Ecological modernization was considered as a necessary, but not sufficient condition for sustainable development. Meanwhile, the reinforcement of international environmental politics and global environmental agendas introduced in ecological modernization could lead the theory almost to the level of sustainable development. However, sustainable development is a stronger concept than ecological modernization in terms of human 'needs' and 'limits' of nature being minded by the economic development. Ecological modernization decouples the economic growth from its pollution problematics, but not sufficient to keep the economic growth within the limits set by nature. Sustainable development would eventually violate ecological limits in the long run and is also problematic in this view, but it stresses the awareness of limitation of nature more rigorously. An argument of this essay should involve what are the implications of sustainable development for a country like Korea of which the history of science and technology is shallow, and organization reform for the environment is hardly expected due to the strong political orientation for economic growth. Government-driven, technocentric and top-down process of ecologization characteristic to ecological modernization and sustainable development would not be seen in the near future. Balancing economic growth with social equity and environmental protection can be hardly achieved under a political situation centered to economic development. An approach to sustainable development would contribute to the introduction of governance in the process of policy formation and implementation of sustainable development by organization reform. Civil society has played an important role in democratization in Korea and its capacity is indispensable also to the modem, global paradigm of sustainable development.

An International Comparative Research on the Structure and Change in Sustainable Development among Islands

정대연 한국사회과학협의회 2009 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.36 No.1

The objective of this paper was to compare sustainable development and change among Jeju, Tasmania, and Hawaii, using a set of 33 identical ten-year time series sustainable development indicators (SDIs) from 1996 to 2005. The 33 SDIs were grouped into ten categories as composite variables. The comparison was done in terms of the structure and change in sustainable development as an integrated reality. The structure of sustainable development was compared in terms of the explanatory power of the 33 SDIs on sustainable development as a whole reality and their relative importance as the determinants of sustainable development. The relative importance was compared in terms of both individual SDIs and their categories. The change in sustainable development was compared by category in terms of the process of sustainable development having been determined throughout the ten years, using their change in the position of sustainability on the basis of their relative deviation index. The explanatory power of the SDIs and their relative importance were different among the three islands. However, overall, the factors related to economic development and/or those resulted from them, a priori and/or expost facto policies, and the conservation of nature contribute to sustainable development. Interestingly, the impeding factors were different among the three islands. The sustainability level of the ten categories has changed significantly throughout the ten years in all of the three islands. To determine the structure and change in sustainable development, assumption would have to take into account a long list of more parameters. The results cited in this paper are based on a limited number of parameters in terms of SDI and time-series as well. However, the methods for analyzing the structure and change in sustainable development has been partially developed in this paper. Further development of this model will prove useful for policy formation and management for sustainable development. The objective of this paper was to compare sustainable development and change among Jeju, Tasmania, and Hawaii, using a set of 33 identical ten-year time series sustainable development indicators (SDIs) from 1996 to 2005. The 33 SDIs were grouped into ten categories as composite variables. The comparison was done in terms of the structure and change in sustainable development as an integrated reality. The structure of sustainable development was compared in terms of the explanatory power of the 33 SDIs on sustainable development as a whole reality and their relative importance as the determinants of sustainable development. The relative importance was compared in terms of both individual SDIs and their categories. The change in sustainable development was compared by category in terms of the process of sustainable development having been determined throughout the ten years, using their change in the position of sustainability on the basis of their relative deviation index. The explanatory power of the SDIs and their relative importance were different among the three islands. However, overall, the factors related to economic development and/or those resulted from them, a priori and/or expost facto policies, and the conservation of nature contribute to sustainable development. Interestingly, the impeding factors were different among the three islands. The sustainability level of the ten categories has changed significantly throughout the ten years in all of the three islands. To determine the structure and change in sustainable development, assumption would have to take into account a long list of more parameters. The results cited in this paper are based on a limited number of parameters in terms of SDI and time-series as well. However, the methods for analyzing the structure and change in sustainable development has been partially developed in this paper. Further development of this model will prove useful for policy formation and management for sustainable development.

지속가능발전목표 이행 방안 마련 연구

홍한움,김호석,강선아,강지은 한국환경연구원 2021 기본연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. 서 론 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 □ 연구의 필요성 ㅇ 2015년 9월 UN 총회 합의문으로 2030 의제 합의 - 17개의 지속가능발전목표(SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals)를 수립하여 전 분야에서 통합적인 지속가능발전 달성을 목표로 하는 것으로 합의 - 환경부 소속의 지속가능발전위원회의 국가지속가능발전목표(K-SDGs)를 수립하고, 통계청에서는 UN 지속가능발전지표를 모니터링하는 등 지속가능발전목표 달성을 위한 국가적 노력이 있어왔음 ㅇ 2020년 코로나 팬데믹 이후 지속가능발전목표 이행 여건에 불가피한 변화 발생. 여건 변화와 도전을 반영한 이행방안 마련 필요 - 경제, 사회, 환경 분야에 광범위한 영향을 미치는 펜데믹 상황을 극복하기 위한 한국판 뉴딜의 대규모 재정 투입 - 2020년 『제4차 지속가능발전 기본계획』 수립으로 인한 국가지속가능발전 정책체계 개편 - 현 정부의 탄소중립 선언 이후 녹색성장 체계 개편 ㅇ 현 우리나라의 지속가능발전 이행에 대한 통합적 시각이 결여되어 있음 - 재원확보, 재정계획, 부문별 정책 및 국가계획에 SDGs 반영, 국가SDGs 목표 설정 및 계획 수립, 지속적 모니터링, 개도국 개발 지원 등 다방면에서 통합적으로 수행하는 것이 바람직하나, 현재는 목표 설정 및 지표 달성 측면만 강조되어 있음 □ 연구의 목적 ㅇ 지속가능발전의 이행 방안을 크게 두 가지 측면에서 마련 - 재정적 측면: 코로나 19의 위기극복 및 경기부양을 위해 추진된 한국판 뉴딜사업을 지속가능발전에 부합하도록 설정 - 정책일관성 측면: OECD에서 제안하는 지속가능발전 정책일관성 체크리스트 활용, 우리나라의 현 상황 진단 및 이행 방향 제언 Ⅱ. 지속가능발전 이행 동향 1. UN 지속가능발전목표 이행 동향 □ UN 지속가능발전목표의 구조 ㅇ 5개 영역, 17개 목표 □ UN의 고위급 정치 포럼(High Level Political Forum) ㅇ 고위급 정치 포럼을 통한 회원국의 이행 상황 점검 - 1년 주기: 경제사회이사회 주관. 장관급 회의 포함 매년 8일 개최 - 4년 주기: 총회 주관. 국가 및 정부 원수급 회의 □ UN SDGs 이행 체계의 한계 ㅇ 국제법 체계에 의한 구속력 없이 회원국의 자발적 이행 권고. 제도적 정비가 이루어져 있지 않음(우창빈 외, 2020) ㅇ 회원국의 이행 점검을 위해 자발적 국가 검토(Voluntary National Review) 보고서를 4년에 1회 제출하도록 권고하나, 보고서 형식에 대한 권고만 있을 뿐 국가별로 각자의 해석에 기반해 보고서를 제출하기 때문에 체계적인 이행 점검 체계를 갖추고 있다고 보기 어려움 □ 한국의 UN SDGs 이행 동향 ㅇ 통계개발원 주관 글로벌 SDGs지표 주요점검결과[자료: 통계청 통계개발원(2021), 한국의 SDGs 이행보고서 2021] - 고령층 상대 빈곤율 높음 - 소득 수준에 따른 식품안정성 확보에 차이, 농축수산물 물가상승폭 확대 - 취약계층 정보화 역량 및 활용성 개선 필요 - 선진국 대비 여성 의사결정권한 낮음 - 온실가스 배출 및 유해폐기물 증가 - 생태계 전반에 대한 지속가능한 관리 필요 - 아동폭력 및 학대에 대한 신고건수 및 의심사건 증가 - GNI 대비 ODA 비율이 10년간 크게 증가하였으나 국제사회에 약속한 0.2%에는 미치지 못함 ㅇ UN 자문기구 지속가능발전해법네트워크(SDSN)의 2021년 한국 지속가능성 평가에서는 총 193개국 중 28위 기록 2. 국가지속가능발전목표 □ 한국의 지속가능발전 이행체계 ㅇ 환경부소속 지속가능발전위원회에서 UN SDGs를 한국 실정에 맞게 자국화한 국가 지속가능발전목표(K-SDGs)를 수립하여 지속가능발전 이행 - 현재 『제4차 국가지속가능발전 기본계획(2021-2040)』을 통해 K-SDGs 체계가 수립되어 있음 - 17개 목표, 119개 세부목표, 236개 지표로 구성 ㅇ 국가지속가능성 이행 점검을 위한 ‘국가지속가능성 보고서’ 발간 - 「지속가능발전법」 제3장, 제13장, 제14조에 근거 - 현재의 국가지속가능성 보고서는 K-SDGs 지표의 단순 모니터링에 치중되어 있음 3. 시사점 □ 목표 체계만을 제시한 현 이행 체계 ㅇ UN SDGs, 국가지속가능발전 이행 모두 2021년 현재는 단순 목표 체계만 제시되어 있고 구체적인 이행을 위한 재정투입 조절 및 통합 거버넌스에 대한 가이드라인 부재 ㅇ UN SDGs는 국제법에 의한 구속력이 없고, 국가지속가능발전을 주관하는 한국의 지속가능발전위원회는 환경부장관 소속이라는 낮은 위상으로 인해 재정 조절 및 정책일관성 제고 등의 지속가능발전 주도 역할을 맡기에 한계가 있음 - 독일, 일본, 핀란드는 총리 위원장의 정부 소속 위원회 주도 - 노르웨이는 지속가능발전 이행을 위해 예산절차에 의한 통합 접근 추구 ㅇ 재정 투입 측면 및 정책일관성 강화 측면에서 지속가능발전의 이행을 강화할 필요성이 있음 Ⅲ. 지속가능성 강화 방안: 재정 투입 측면 1. 개요 □ 재정 투입 측면의 강화를 위한 한국판 뉴딜 연계 필요성 ㅇ 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인한 경기침체 위기를 극복하기 위해 정부에서는 한국판 뉴딜 추진 ㅇ 2021년 한국판 뉴딜 2.0 기준 2025년까지 국비 114.1조 포함 총 사업비 220조원의 대규모 투자 계획 ㅇ UN SDGs는 경제·사회·환경 전 분야의 통합 달성을 추구하는 목표 체계임. 한국판 뉴딜의 대규모 재정을 경제·사회·환경 전 분야에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 방향으로 투입하여 SDGs 통합 달성에 부합하는 방향으로 활용할 수 있다면 지속가능발전 이행에 크게 기여할 수 있음 2. 한국판 뉴딜과 지속가능발전 연계성 □ 한국판 뉴딜 대표과제 □ 한국판 뉴딜 대표과제와 지속가능발전 연계성 분석 ㅇ 한국판 뉴딜과 지속가능발전은 모두 사회, 환경, 경제의 통합 달성을 추구하므로, 한국판 뉴딜 추진은 지속가능발전 달성에 직간접적인 영향을 줌 ㅇ 한국판 뉴딜 1.0의 10대 대표과제와 한국판 뉴딜 2.0 5대 대표과제를 중심으로 직접적인 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되는 UN SDGs 1차 식별 - 대표과제에 포함되지 않은 세부과제들은 세부 사업 내역 및 예산 투입 계획의 구체성, 추진 경과에 대한 국민보고대회 해당 세부 사업 경과에 대한 보고가 소외되어 있는 점 등을 종합하였을 때 대규모 뉴딜 추진을 통해 해당 사업을 적극적으로 부양하려는 추진 동력이 대표과제에 비해 크게 부족하다고 판단되어 제외 ㅇ 1차 식별된 10개 세부목표를 기준으로 그린뉴딜 대표과제가 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되는 SDGs 목표 식별 - UN 환경 관리 그룹(UN Environment Management Group)이 제공하는 넥서스 상호대화 시각화 도구(nexus dialogues visualization tool) 활용 ㅇ 한국판 뉴딜이 부정적인 영향을 줄 가능성이 있는 지속가능발전 세부목표 식별 - 글로벌 환경 연구소 IGES(Institute for Global Environmental Strategies)의 SDGs 상호연계성 분석 및 시각화도구(4.0버전, 2021.9 기준) 활용 - 한국판 뉴딜이 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단되는 10개 세부과제가 부정적인 영향만을 줄 것으로 판단되는 세부목표 식별 ※ 세부목표 간의 트레이드오프 관계는 실제 부정적 인과가 있는 경우뿐만 아니라 같은 자원을 두고 상호 경쟁하거나 한정된 예산을 두고 경쟁할 때도 나타날 수 있음. <표 4>의 목록 중 대부분은 한국판 뉴딜 대표과제 추진과 실제로 부정적인 인과가 있기 때문이라기보다는 자원 경쟁이나 예산경쟁의 측면에서 나타난 것으로 파악됨 3. 지속가능발전을 위한 한국판 뉴딜 재정투입 방향 제언 □ 한국의 SDGs 이행 점검을 통해 보완이 필요한 것으로 보이는 분야 강화 필요 ㅇ 환경 에너지 및 친환경 모빌리티 확대를 통한 온실가스 감축 관련 사업은 이미 한국판 뉴딜의 커다란 축을 이루고 있음 ㅇ 그린에너지 외의 다른 취약 분야는 한국판 뉴딜 체계에서 추가 보완하는 것이 지속가능발전 이행 측면에서 바람직 - SDGs 14, 15와 관련된 육상, 수상, 해양 생태계 보전분야 강화 필요 - 지속가능한 농업 분야에 대한 보완 필요 - 깨끗하고 안전한 물관리 관련 내용은 그린뉴딜의 세부 추진과제에 포함되어 있으나, 한국의 지속가능발전 이행 점검 결과를 감안했을 때 대표과제 추진 혹은 예산투입계획 구체화 등의 노력이 필요함 □ 추가 강화 필요 지속가능발전 세부목표 ㅇ 4.4 전문기술 및 직업기술 훈련 확대’와 ‘9.3 중소기업 금융서비스 향상’의 추가 강화 필요 - 예산 경쟁 측면에서 현 한국판 뉴딜 대표과제가 부정적인 영향을 줄 가능성이 있음 - 한국판 뉴딜의 추진 목적이 일자리 창출을 통한 경기 부양 및 미래 산업 선도에 있음을 감안할 때 우선순위가 높은 목표라 할 수 있으므로, 한국판 뉴딜에서 해당 분야를 현재 수준보다 높은 우선순위로 추진하는 것이 바람직 Ⅳ. 지속가능성 강화 방안: 정책일관성 측면 1. 현행 지속가능발전 정책체계 □ 한국의 지속가능발전 거버넌스 체계 ㅇ 현재의 국내 정책 환경이 SDGs를 중심으로 통합되어 있다고 보기 어려움 - 현재 국가지속가능발전목표 기본계획 수립 및 모니터링 등의 이행은 환경부 소속 지속가능발전위원회에서 전담 · 지속가능발전위원회는 2007년 「지속가능발전 기본법」 제정 시 국무총리 소속으로 출범하였으나 2010년 「저탄소 녹색성장 기본법」의 제정으로 「지속가능발전기본법」은 「지속가능발전법」으로 변경되는 과정에서 환경부 장관 소속으로 격하 - 현 정부에서 탄소중립위원회를 추진하는 과정에서 녹색성장위원회, 국가기후환경회의, 미세먼지특별위원회 등 기후·환경 관련 위원회를 통합하는 과정이 있었으나 지속가능발전위원회는 제외 - 지속가능성 모니터링에 있어 환경부 소속 지속가능발전위원회의 K-SDGs 지표 모니터링과 통계청의 글로벌 지표 모니터링이 통합되어 운영되지 않고 있음 2. OECD제안 정책일관성 권고사항 검토 □ 정책일관성 검토 ㅇ 최고위급 정치인의 포용적인 정치적 공약과 리더십 - 제21대 국회의원선거의 정당별 10대 공약에서 지속가능발전 키워드는 찾아볼 수 있으나 정책일관성 차원에서의 공약으로 보기 어려움 - 지속가능발전의 국가적 점검은 개별 지표의 평가에 따른 점검에만 그칠 뿐 정책일관성 제고를 고려하고 있지 않음 ㅇ 정부 및 이해관계자를 이끌어내는 전략적 비전 - 현재 지속가능발전위원회의 국가지속가능발전목표 체계를 통해 지속가능발전을 추구하고 있음 - 또한 『한국판 뉴딜 종합계획』, 『대한민국 2050 탄소중립 전략』, 『국제개발협력 종합기본계획』 등은 지속가능발전 달성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 국가종합계획으로 볼 수 있음 ㅇ 정책 간 시너지·상쇄 효과를 관리하기 위한 정책 통합 - 정책 간 연계 및 통합을 담당하는 상위 거버넌스가 부재함 - 한국판 뉴딜이나 「탄소중립기본법」에서는 지속가능발전 통합 지침 관련 내용 부재 - 지속가능발전기본계획의 일부 지표는 예산을 점검하여 목표 달성정도를 파악하고 있으나, 현재는 SDGs를 통합하여 정부 예산이 관리되고 있다고 볼 수 없음 ㅇ 정책 간 시너지·상쇄 효과를 관리하기 위한 정책 통합 - 지속가능발전위원회에서 지속가능발전을 위한 조정 체계를 담당 - 국가지속가능발전목표를 통해 지속가능성을 점검하나, 정책일관성 제고를 위한 기능을 하고 있지는 않다고 판단됨 ㅇ 지방정부와 관련된 정책일관성 영역에서 조율된 실행 강화 - 지속가능발전협의회에서 지방의제 21을 통해 지속가능한 지역사회 추구 - 한국판 뉴딜 체계에서도 지역균형 뉴딜 포함 - 「탄소중립기본법」에서도 중앙과 지역이 협력관계를 유지하는 방안 마련 ㅇ 지방정부와 관련된 정책일관성 영역에서 조율된 실행 강화 - 지속가능발전위원회는 이해관계자그룹(K-MGoS)를 운영하며 기본계획 수립 시 국가 SDGs 포럼이나 일반국민 설문조사 등을 통해 사회적 공론화 과정을 거치고 있음 - 한국판 뉴딜 및 「탄소중립기본법」 수립에 이해관계자 의견 수용이 부족하다는 지적이 있었음 ㅇ 정책의 긍·부정적 영향 및 국제적 영향 분석 및 보고 - 지속가능발전을 점검을 위한 현 모니터링 시스템은 정책에 대한 영향평가로 보기 어려움. 국책연구기관 및 대학 등의 연구에서 간헐적으로 지속가능발전 관점에서 정책의 긍·부정적 영향도를 평가하는 보고서 및 논문이 출간될 뿐, ’21년 현재 정기적 평가는 없는 것으로 파악됨 ㅇ 정책의 영향도 분석, 정량적·정성적 관찰 및 평가하는 시스템 구축 - 지속위에서 ‘국가지속가능성 보고서’, 통계청에서 ‘한국의 SDGs 이행보고서’를 통해 지속가능성을 점검하고 있으나, 보고서의 결과를 정부에서 정책일관성 제고를 위해 활용하고 있다고 보기 어려움 - 보고서는 투명하게 공개되고 있으나 접근성이 좋지 않음 - 정책일관성 평가를 위한 외부 독립 감사기관 부재 3. 정책일관성 강화를 위한 과제 ㅇ SDGs 이행을 위한 통합 비전 및 전략이 우선적으로 제시되어야 함 - 국내의 지속가능발전 이행은 겉으로는 환경부 소속 지속위의 『지속가능발전 기본계획』이 전담하고 있는 것처럼 보이나, 국제개발 관련한 내용은 『국제개발협력 기본계획』, 탄소중립 관련 내용은 탄소중립 위원회에서 주관하는 등 위원회가 분산되어 있음 - 거버넌스가 부실할 경우 자원 경쟁 및 예산 경쟁의 측면에서 SDGs의 세부목표들이 서로 부정적 영향을 미칠 가능성이 커짐 ㅇ 현재의 단순 지표 모니터링이 아닌 정책일관성 평가체계의 구축 필요 - 지속가능발전의 관점에서 정책의 긍·부정적인 영향도를 평가하는 평가 시스템 필요 ㅇ 격하된 위상의 지속가능발전위원회 총리위원회, 또는 대통령 직속 위원회로 재격상 필요 Ⅴ. 맺음말 □ 지속가능발전의 근본적 이행을 위해서는 재정투입 및 정책일관성을 강화해야 함 ㅇ 지금처럼 단순 지표 모니터링으로만 이행 점검하는 체계로는 지속가능발전 달성에 한계가 있음 ㅇ 한국의 추진체계 아래서 지속가능발전 이행을 총괄하는 지속위의 소속이 환경부이기 때문에, 현 위상으로는 예산 투입과 정책일관성을 조율하기 어려움 ㅇ 한국판 뉴딜의 대규모 재정 투입을 지속가능발전에 부합하는 방향으로 유도해야 함 ㅇ 예산투입이나 정책일관성을 조율할 수 있는 통합 거버넌스 구축 필요 Ⅰ. Introduction 1. Research Necessity and Purpose □ The Need for Research ㅇ Agreement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, at the UN General Assembly in September 2015. - There were 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which were agreed upon to achieve integrated sustainable development goals in all sectors. - There have been national efforts to achieve these SDGs. The Committee for Sustainable Development under the Ministry of Environment established the Korean Sustainable Development Goals (K-SDGs) and monitored the UN Sustainable Development Indicators in Statistics Korea. ㅇ There have been changes made to the conditions for implementing the SDGs since the 2020 COVID pandemic. It is necessary to prepare an implementation plan that reflects changes in circumstances and challenges. - Large-scale financial commitment of a Korean New Deal to overcome the pandemic with a wide range of economic, social, and environmental impacts. - Reorganization of the national sustainable development policy system by establishing the “4th Basic Plan for Sustainable Development” in 2020. - Reorganizing the green growth system after the Korean government declared its intent to achieve carbon neutrality ㅇ There is a lack of an integrated perspective on the current implementation of sustainable development in Korea. - It is desirable to carry out integrated implementation in various fields, such as securing financial resources, financial planning, a reflection of SDGs in sectoral policies and national plans, setting targets and plans for national SDGs, continuous monitoring, and support for the development of developing countries. However, currently, there is an emphasis on setting targets and achieving indicators. □ Research Purpose ㅇ The implementation plan for sustainable development can be prepared using two main aspects. - Financial aspect: The Korean New Deal project promoted to overcome the COVID-19 crisis and stimulate the economy, is set to be consistent with sustainable development. - Policy coherence aspect: Utilization of the checklist to maintain coherent sustainable development policies proposed by the OECD, diagnosis of the current status of Korea, and suggestion for a direction of implementation. Ⅱ. Trends of Sustainable Development Implementations 1. Trend of UN SDG Implementation □ Structure of the UN SDGs ㅇ 5 principles, and 17 goals □ High-Level Political Forum of the UN ㅇ Inspection of the implementation status of member states through high-level political forums - One-year cycle: Under the auspices of the UN Economic and Social Council, the forum is held for eight days every year, including ministerial-level meetings. - Four-year cycle: Under the General Assembly, there are meetings among heads of states and governments. □ Limitations of the UN SDGs Implementation System ㅇ Member-states are recommending voluntary implementation, without binding them under the international legal system and institutional arrangements (Woo, Kim, and Kim, 2020). ㅇ It is recommended to submit a Voluntary National Review report once every four years, to inspect the implementation of member states. However, although there are recommendations for the report format, member states are submitting reports based on their interpretation without any systematic structure. □ Trend of Korea's UN SDG Implementation ㅇ Main inspection results of global SDG indicators under the auspices of Statistics Research Institute (Source: Statistics Research Institute (2021), 「SDG Implementation Report of the Republic of Korea 2021」) - High relative poverty rate among the elderly - Differences in securing food safety based on income levels. Inflation of agricultural, livestock, and seafood prices - Need to improve informatization capability and usability for the vulnerable - Low decision-making power for women compared to developed countries - Increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and hazardous waste - Need for sustainable management for the entire ecosystem - Increased number of reports and suspected cases of child violence and abuse - Although the ratio of ODA to GNI increased significantly over the past decade, Korea fell short of its commitment by 0.2% to the international community. ㅇ Ranked 28th out of a total of 193 countries in the 2021 Sustainability Evaluation of the Republic of Korea of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), an advisory body of the United Nations. 2. National Sustainable Development Goals □ Korea's Sustainable Development Implementation System ㅇ The Committee for Sustainable Development under the Ministry of Environment set the Korean Sustainable Development Goals (K-SDGs) that localized the UN SDGs considering the Korean situation, to implement sustainable development. - Currently, the K-SDGs system has been established through the “4th National Basic Plan for Sustainable Development (2021-2040)” - It consists of 17 goals, 119 targets, and 236 indicators ㅇ Publication of the ‘National Sustainability Report’ to confirm the implementation of national sustainability - Based on Articles 13 and 14 of Chapter 3 of ‘Sustainable Development Act’ - The current national sustainability report focuses on simple monitoring of K-SDGs indicators. 3. Implications □ Current Target-Oriented Implementation System ㅇ Both the implementations of UN SDGs and national sustainable development only presented simple target systems, as of 2021, and there is no guideline to control financial commitment and develop integrated governance for a specific implementation. ㅇ The UN SDGs are not legally bound to international law; as the Korean Committee for Sustainable Development, which is responsible for national sustainable development, belongs to the Minister of Environment, due to its low status, there are limits in serving a leading role in sustainable development, such as financial control and policy coherence. - In countries like Germany, Japan, and Finland, the Prime Ministers of the respective countries lead the government committees. - Norway pursues an integrated approach based on budget processes to implement sustainable development. ㅇ There is a need to strengthen the implementation of sustainable development in terms of fiscal commitment and strengthened policy coherence. Ⅲ. Measures to Strengthen Sustainability: Fiscal Commitment 1. Overview □ The Need for Connecting with the Korean New Deal to Strengthen Fiscal Commitment ㅇ To overcome the economic recession crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Korean government is promoting the Korean New Deal. ㅇ Based on ‘The Korean New Deal 2.0’ in 2021, a large-scale investment plan with a total project cost of KRW 220 trillion won which includes the national budget of KRW 114.1 trillion won will be implemented by 2025. ㅇ The UN SDGs have the system to achieve integration in all economic, social, and environmental fields. If the large-scale finance of the Korean New Deal can be used to exert a positive impact on all economic, social, and environmental sectors and can be used to achieve the integrated SDGs, it can greatly contribute to the implementation of sustainable development. 2. Connection between the Korean New Deal and Sustainable Development □ Connectivity Analysis between Representative Tasks of the Korean New Deal and Sustainable Development ㅇ As both the Korean New Deal and sustainable development seek to achieve the integration of society, environment, and economy, the promotion of the Korean New Deal directly or indirectly affects the achievement of sustainable development. ㅇ Primary identification of UN SDGs on which the 10 representative tasks of the Korean New Deal 1.0 and the 5 representative tasks of the Korean New Deal 2.0 exert direct impacts. - As for detailed tasks excluding in the representative tasks, the detailed project details, specific budget (input) plans, and reports on the corresponding detailed project progresses in the National Report Conference are excluded; Therefore, in this analysis excluded detailed tasks not included in the representative tasks because they have low driving forces for for actively supporting the corresponding projects through large-scale new deal projects, compared to representative tasks. ㅇ Identification of SDGs on which the Green New Deal-related representative tasks exert impacts, based on the first identified 10 targets - Utilization of the nexus dialogues visualization tool which is provided by the UN Environment Management Group ㅇ Identify sustainable development targets on which the Korean New Deal is likely to have a negative impact - Utilize the SDGs interconnection analysis and visualization tool (Version 4.0, as of Sep. 2021) of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), the global environmental research institute. - Identify targets on which 10 sub-tasks with the possibility of a direct impact from the Korean New Deal, are likely to only expert a negative impact ※ The trade-off relationship between targets can appear not only when there is actual negative causation, but also when there is competition for the same resources or a limited budget. Most of the lists in Table 5 are understood to have appeared in terms of resource or budget competition, rather than because there are actual negative causal effects on the implementation of the representative tasks of the Korean New Deal. 3. Direction for Fiscal Commitment via the Korean New Deal for Sustainable Development □ The necessity for strengthening the fields in need of supplementation through the SDG performance confirmation in Korea. ㅇ Projects related to GHG reduction via the expansion of eco-friendly mobility in the environment and energy field have already dominated the Korean New Deal. ㅇ In terms of the implementation of sustainable development, it is desirable to supplement the weak areas other than green energy under the Korean New Deal system. - Necessity for the reinforcement of land, water, and marine ecosystem conservation related to SDGs 14 and 15 - Necessity for supplementing the sustainable agriculture sector - Although cleaner and safer water management is included in the detailed implementation tasks of the Green New Deal, there should be efforts such as implementing representative tasks or clearer budget investment plan, considering the inspection results of Korea's sustainable development implementation. □ Sustainable Development Targets to be Further Strengthened ㅇ It is necessary to further strengthen 'Target 4.4: More training for technical and vocational skills, and Target 9.3: Increase access to financial services and markets for SMEs.' - In terms of budget competition, the current representative tasks of the Korean New Deal could have negative impacts. - Considering that the Korean New Deal aims to stimulate the economy through job creation and lead the future industry, it can be said that those targets have high priorities; it is desirable to promote the corresponding fields by putting at a higher priority than the current level in the Korean New Deal. Ⅳ. Measures to Strengthen Sustainability: Policy Coherence 1. Current Sustainable Development Policy System □ Korea's Sustainable Development Governance System ㅇ It is difficult to see that the current Korean policy environment is integrated based on the SDGs. - Currently, the Committee for Sustainable Development under the Ministry of Environment oversees establishing and monitoring the Basic Plan for National Sustainable Development Goals. · The Committee for Sustainable Development was launched under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister when the Framework Act on Sustainable Development was enacted in 2007 but was downgraded and is now under the Minister of Environment, in the process of changing the Framework Act on Sustainable Development to the Sustainable Development Act, along with the enactment of the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth in 2010. - In the process of promoting the Committee on Carbon Neutrality under the current government, there was a process of integrating climate and environment-related committees such as the Committee on Green Growth, the National Council on Climate and Air Quality, and the Special Committee on the Prevention of Fine Dust, but the Committee for Sustainable Development was excluded. - In terms of sustainability monitoring, the K-SDGs indicator monitoring of the Committee for Sustainable Development under the Ministry of Environment, and the global indicator monitoring of Statistics Korea, are not being operated without integration. 2. Review of Consistent Policy Recommendations Proposed by OECD □ Review of Policy Coherence ㅇ 1 Inclusive political commitment and leadership by top-level politicians - Although the sustainable development keyword can be found in the 10 pledges of each party for the 21st National Assembly election, it is difficult to view it as a pledge in terms of policy coherence. - The national inspection of sustainable development is limited to the inspection for the evaluation of individual indicators without considering enhanced policy coherence. ㅇ 2 Strategic vision to lead the government and stakeholders - The pursuit for sustainable development under the current national sustainable development goal system of the Committee for Sustainable Development - In addition, the Korea New Deal Comprehensive Plan, the 2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy, and the Comprehensive Basic Plan for International Development Cooperation can be considered as national comprehensive plans closely related to the achievement of sustainable development. ㅇ 3 Policy integration to manage synergies and offsets between policies - There is no upper-level governance in charge of linkage and integration between policies. - There is no detail related to the integrated guideline for sustainable development, in the Korean New Deal or the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality - Some indicators of the Basic Plan for Sustainable Development review the budget to understand the level of goal achievement, but it cannot be considered that the government budget is currently managed by integrating SDGs. ㅇ 4 Policy integration to manage synergies and offsets between policies - The Committee for Sustainable Development takes responsibility for the coordination system for sustainable development. - Although sustainability is reviewed through the national sustainable development goals, it is judged that they are not functioning to enhance policy coherence. ㅇ 5 Strengthen coordinated implementation in policy coherence related to local governments - Pursue a sustainable community through Local Agenda 21 - Regionally balanced New Deal is also included in the Korean New Deal system - As for the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality, there are measures to maintain the cooperative relationship between the central and local governments. ㅇ 6 Strengthen coordinated implementation in policy coherence related to local governments - The Committee for Sustainable Development operates Korea Major Groups and other Stakeholders (K-MGoS); when establishing the basic plan, there is a process of public debate through the national SDG forum or general public survey. - It was pointed out that there was an insufficient accommodation of stakeholder opinions when establishing the Korean New Deal and the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality. ㅇ 7 Analysis and report of positive and negative, and international impacts of policies - The current monitoring system for inspecting sustainable development is difficult to see as an impact assessment on policies. Occasionally there have been reports and studies evaluating the positive and negative impacts of policies from the perspective of sustainable development, which has been researched by national research institutes and universities. However, there has been no regular evaluation, as of 2021. ㅇ 8 Establish a system to analyze the impact of policies, and to observe and evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively - There has been inspection on sustainability: the National Sustainability Report’ of the Committee for Sustainable Development, and the ‘SDG Implementation Report of Republic of Korea’ of Statistics Korea. However, it is difficult to see that the report results have been utilized for improving the Korean government’s policy coherence. - Reports are transparently disclosed, but accessibility is poor. - Absence of an external independent auditor to evaluate policy consistency 3. Tasks to Strengthen Policy Coherence ㅇ An integrated vision and strategy for the implementation of the SDGs should come first - Korea's Sustainable development seems to be implemented under the ‘Basic Plan for Sustainable Development’ of the Committee for Sustainable Development under the Ministry of Environment, but international development-related details are under the ‘Basic Plan for International Development Cooperation’ and carbon neutrality related details are under the Committee on Carbon Neutrality; committees in charge of different details are dispersed. - Under poor governance, the SDG targets are highly likely to negatively affect each other in terms of resource and budget competition. ㅇ It is necessary to establish a consistent policy evaluation system rather than the current simple indicator monitoring. - An evaluation system is required to evaluate positive and negative impacts of policies from the perspective of sustainable development ㅇ It is necessary to re-elevate the downgraded Commission on Sustainable Development to the Presidential-level Commission Ⅴ. Conclusion □ Fiscal commitment and policy coherence must be strengthened for the fundamental implementation of sustainable development ㅇ There is a limit to achieving sustainable development under the current system confirming the implementation only through simple indicator monitoring. ㅇ As the Committee for Sustainable Development belongs to the Ministry of Environment, it is difficult to coordinate budget investment and policy coherence at the current status. ㅇ It is necessary for the large-scale financial investment via the Korean New Deal to be induced in a direction consistent with sustainable development. ㅇ It is necessary to establish integrated governance that can coordinate budget investment and policy coherence.

지속가능발전교육과 실과교육의 관계

이건남,정남용 한국실과교육연구학회 2010 實科敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1

이 연구는 지속가능발전교육과 실과교육을 분석하고 평가하는 과정을 통하여 지속가능발전교육과 실과교육의 관계를 구명하는데 목적이 있었다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 먼저 지속가능발전교육의 목적 및 내용을 분석하였고, 기존에 수행하였거나 수행중인 지속가능발전교육을 고찰하였으며, 지속가능발전교육과 실과교육의 비교 분석하여 지속가능발전교육과 실과교육의 관계를 구명하였다. 이 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실과교육과 지속가능발전교육이 달성하고자 하는 교육적 이념과 방법은 거의 일치하고 있다. 둘째,실과교육과 지속가능발전교육의 내용은 보다 깊은 관련을 맺고 있어 실과교육을 이용한 지속가능발전교육의 실행 가능성은 매우 높다. 셋째, 실과교과를 근거로 하여 다양하게 지속가능발전교육 프로그램의 개발할 수 있다. 넷째,지금까지의 결론을 바탕으로 볼 때 실과교육은 지속가능발전교육과 깊은 관련을 맺고 있으므로 지속가능발전교육에 중추적인 역할을 할 수 있다. The purpose of the study was to find the relations between the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development by evaluating and analyzing both the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development. To achieve the purpose of the study, the objectives and the contents of the education for sustainable development were analyzed, previous and still conducting programs for the education for sustainable development were investigated, and the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development were compared and analyzed. The conclusions of the study were as follows: First, the ideology and the methods for the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development were almost identical to each other. Second, the contents of the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development were very highly related, so that it is very likely succeed for Practical Arts education in performing the education for sustainable development. Third, there were various ways to develop the programs for the education for sustainable development based on the Practical Arts subject. Forth, the Practical Arts education could take a pivotal role in the education for sustainable development due to the close relations between the Practical Arts education and the education for sustainable development.