교정 치료 중인 환자의 치주수술

박신영(Shin-Young Park) 대한치과의사협회 2017 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.55 No.3

Gingival recession is one of the common mucogingival problems during the orthodontic treatment. The causes of the gingival recession are similar to gingival recession in patients with periodontal diseases. Accumulation of bacterial deposits around the natural teeth induces the gingival inflammation and gingival recession occurs in the teeth with the lack of the supporting bone. However, malpositioned teeth which are labially positioned teeth or rotated teeth are more risky for gingival recession. Once root is exposed to oral cavity due to gingival recession, the orthodontic tooth movement is compromised and esthetic problems appeared. In addition, excessive gingival recession over the mucogingival junction jeopardizes the oral hygiene control, which has a risk of further gingival recession and bone loss around the tooth. To cover exposed root or to prevent further gingival recession, mucogingival surgery with gingival graft is recommended for the patients under orthodontic treatment. This case report aimed to present the mucogingival treatments of gingival recession observed during orthodontic treatment. Case I had had initial slight gingival recession before the orthodontic treatment. However, during the retraction phases, the gingival recession progressed and the periodontal treatment was referred. In case II, miller Class III gingival recession was occurred after correction of rotation. Both cases were treated by coronally advanced flap with free gingival grafts and recovered to the level of adjacent teeth despite of complete root coverage was not achieved in Case II. After periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment was successfully completed. In conclusion, mucogingival surgery during the orthodontic treatment is recommended for the successful orthodontic treatment as well as periodontal health.

Original Articles : Contemplation of the Surgical Normogram of Lateral Rectus Recession for Exotropia Associated with Superior Oblique Palsy

( Joo Yeon Lee ),( Seung Hyun Kim ),( Sung Tae Yi ),( Tae Eun Lee ),( Yoonae A. Cho ) 대한안과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: To suggest a surgical normogram for lateral rectus recession in exotropia associated with unilateral or bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 71 patients with exotropia who were successfully corrected over one year. Each patient had undergone unilateral or bilateral rectus recession associated with uni- or bilateral inferior oblique (IO) 14 mm recession, using a modified surgical normogram for lateral rectus (LR) recession, which resulted in 1 to 2 mm of reduction of LR recession. We divided all patients into 2 groups, the 34 patients who had undergone LR recession with unilateral IO (UIO) recession group and the remaining 37 patients who had undergone LR recession with bilateral IO (BIO) recession group. Lateral incomitancy was defined when the exoangle was reduced by more than 20% compared to the primary gaze angle. The surgical effects (prism diopters [PD]/mm) of LR recession were compared between the two groups using the previous surgical normogram as a reference (Parks` normogram). Results: The mean preoperative exodeviation was 20.4 PD in the UIO group and 26.4 PD in the BIO group. The recession amount of the lateral rectus muscle ranged from 4 to 8.5 mm in the UIO group and 5 to 9 mm in the BIO group. Lateral incomitancy was noted as 36.4% and 70.3% in both groups, respectively ( p = 0.02). The effect of LR recession was 3.23 ± 0.84 PD/mm in the UIO group and 2.98 ± 0.62 PD/mm in the BIO group and there was no statistically significant difference between two the groups ( p = 0.15). Conclusions: Reduction of the LR recession by about 1 to 2 mm was successful and safe to prevent overcorrection when using on IO weakening procedure, irrespective of the laterality of SOP.

Contemplation of the Surgical Normogram of Lateral Rectus Recession for Exotropia Associated with Superior Oblique Palsy

이주연,김승현,이성태,이태은,조윤애 대한안과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: To suggest a surgical normogram for lateral rectus recession in exotropia associated with unilateral or bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 71 patients with exotropia who were successfully corrected over one year. Each patient had undergone unilateral or bilateral rectus recession associated with unior bilateral inferior oblique (IO) 14 mm recession, using a modified surgical normogram for lateral rectus (LR)recession, which resulted in 1 to 2 mm of reduction of LR recession. We divided all patients into 2 groups, the 34 patients who had undergone LR recession with unilateral IO (UIO) recession group and the remaining 37patients who had undergone LR recession with bilateral IO (BIO) recession group. Lateral incomitancy was defined when the exoangle was reduced by more than 20% compared to the primary gaze angle. The surgical effects (prism diopters [PD]/mm) of LR recession were compared between the two groups using the previous surgical normogram as a reference (Parks’ normogram). Results: The mean preoperative exodeviation was 20.4 PD in the UIO group and 26.4 PD in the BIO group. The recession amount of the lateral rectus muscle ranged from 4 to 8.5 mm in the UIO group and 5 to 9 mm in the BIO group. Lateral incomitancy was noted as 36.4% and 70.3% in both groups, respectively (p = 0.02). The effect of LR recession was 3.23 ± 0.84 PD/mm in the UIO group and 2.98 ± 0.62 PD/mm in the BIO group and there was no statistically significant difference between two the groups (p = 0.15). Conclusions: Reduction of the LR recession by about 1 to 2 mm was successful and safe to prevent overcorrection when using on IO weakening procedure, irrespective of the laterality of SOP.

근거리‐원거리 사시각 불일치를 보인 외사시에서 양안 외직근 근경사후전술의 효과

송인제,이슬기,In Je Song,Sul Gee Lee 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of slanted recession of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle for exodeviation with larger deviation angle at near than far fixation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 31 patients. Seventeen patients underwent slanted LR recession, the upper fiber of the LR was recessed according to the distance deviation angle and the lower fiber was recessed according to the near deviation. Fourteen patients underwent classic recession. To evaluate the effect of slant LR recession, postoperative ocular alignment between them was checked at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. Results: At the postoperative 6 months, bilateral slanted LR recession reduced the mean exodeviation at near from 33.82 PD to 7.29 PD, and same amount recession group reduced 33.67 PD to 11.13 PD. The far deviation change was from 25.59 PD to 2.59 PD, 23.67 PD to 4.00 PD in each group. The change of near-distance difference was from 10.29 PD to 4.71 PD in slanted recession group, and 9.67 PD to 7.93 PD in same amount recession group, showed that slanted recession group reduced angle more significantly (p = 0.002). Success rate was 35% in bilateral slanted LR recession group, 7% in classic recession group, showed that slanted recession group had significantly high success rate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral slanted LR recession effectively reduces near and distance exodeviation angle, and reduces near-distance incomitance more superior to classic bilateral LR recession technique. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(2):311-315

주시안을 가진 간헐외사시의 편위안 증량 비대칭 외직근후전술

송현재,백혜정,Hyun Jai Song,MD,Hye Jung Paik,MD,PhD 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.7

Purpose: To document and compare the clinical results of symmetrical rectus muscle recession and asymmetrical rectus muscle recession in intermittent exotropia. Methods: The medical records of 27 patients who had symmetric bilateral rectus recession and 24 patients who had asymmetric bilateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia with at least six months of postoperative follow-up from March 2004 to March 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The authors performed a recession of 2 mm or greater in the deviating eye than in the fixing eye. Results: The mean age was 7.14±4.23 (range 3 to 15) years for symmetric bilateral rectus recession and 7.33±4.01 (range 3 to 14) years for asymmetric bilateral rectus recession. The mean follow-up was 11.83±5.74 (range 6 to 26) months in the symmetric bilateral rectus recession group and 11.14±5.05 (range 6 to 30) months in the asymmetric bilateral rectus recession group. The mean preoperative angle deviations were 27.5±4.8 prism diopter (PD) (range 30 to 40PD) and 27.3±4.6PD (range 20 to 40PD) in each group. The outcome of final follow-up (postoperative 24 months) was favorable in both groups, and slightly more successful in the asymmetric bilateral recession group but not a statistically significant amount (75.5% in the symmetric bilateral recession group and 81.2% in the asymmetric bilateral recession group). Conclusions: The present study suggests that there are no significant differences at postoperative 24 months between symmetric bilateral recession and asymmetric bilateral recession in intermittent exotropia having a fixing and a deviating eye.

듀안안구후퇴증후군의 얼굴돌림과 내전시 과도한 상하전에 대한 수술적 치료

오현주,문성혁,김명미,Oh Hyun Ju,Sung Hyuk Moon,Myung Mi Kim 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.6

Purpose: To present the results of patients undergoing surgical treatment and determine clinical guidelines for the face turn, and up and down shoot in Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). Methods: Thirty-four patients with DRS were treated with single horizontal rectus muscle recession, lateral rectus (LR) recession with Y-splitting, or LR recession with Y-splitting combined with medial rectus (MR) recession. The different treatment approaches were based on the angle of deviation in the primary position, versions, and ductions. In all patients, ocular alignment, face turn and up and down shoot were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The average standard deviation reduced from 18.5 ± 6.5 prism diopters (PD) to 4.6 ± 5.8 PD in horizontal rectus muscle recession and 14.4 ± 5.5 PD to 1.6 ± 2.8 PD in LR recession with Y-splitting. LR recession with Y-splitting combined with MR recession was effective in reducing globe retraction. Postoperative 4-mm LR recession with Y-splitting did not change ocular alignment; 7-mm LR recession with Y-splitting showed an average correction of 12.8 PD. Postoperatively, all patients presented a reduction in face turn; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 procedures (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.620). Conclusions: Decisions regarding surgical approaches in DRS should be based on the amount of deviation in primary eye position, the expression of up and down shoot, and the degree of face turn. Surgeons planning Y-splitting of LR with MR recession must consider modifying the MR recession amount due to the smaller LR recession effect of Y-splitting compared with conventional LR recession.

불황기에서 회계정보에 의한 기업 부실화 예측

조성표(Seong-Pyo Cho),류인규(In-Gyu Ryu) 한국산업경영학회 2007 經營硏究 Vol.22 No.1

  기업부실예측에 대한 종전의 연구들은 기업의 내부 변수만 이용할 뿐, 경기변동 등 외부변수를 고려하지 않았다. 본 연구는 기업의 부실예측 요인이 경기변동에 따라 달라지는가를 실증 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 다양한 경기순환과정을 경험한 1993년 1월부터 1998년 10월 사이에 부실화 된 상장기업 148개를 표본으로 선정하고, 이와 비교하기 위해 부실기업과 같은 업종에 속하는 건전기업을 1:3의 비율로 대응시켰다. 재무비율로는 영업활동현금흐름, 차입금의존도, 당기순이익률, 당좌비율, 경영자본회전률, 기업규모를 t-검증, 로짓분석에 적용하였다. 또한 경기시점별로 불황기를 하락기(1996년 1월~1997년 9월), 위기기(1997년 10월~1998년 1월), 지속기(1998년 2월~10월), 그리고 불황이 시작되기전 호황기(1993년 1월~1995년 12월)로 구분하여 기업부실화 예측모형의 요인이 달라지는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 기업부실화 예측모형에서 부채비율, 현금흐름, 그리고 활동성, 기업규모가 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 기업 부실화 요인은 경기시점별로 차이가 있었는데, 경기 하락기에는 부채비율과 활동성, 수익성이, 위기기에는 부채비율과 기업규모와 현금흐름이, 지속기에는 부채비율과 현금흐름이, 그리고 호황기에는 현금흐름이 유의적으로 나타났다. 부실화 시점에 따라 유의적인 변수가 달리 나타난 것은 경기가 가진 특성 중의 하나인 시중의 자금사정여부에 따른 것으로 생각된다. 또한 예측정확도에서 1종오분류율이 하락기에는 낮게 나타난 반면 위기기와 지속기에는 높게 나타났다. 이는 하락기에는 부채비율이나 수익성 등 재무적 정보만으로 부실 예측이 용이한 반면, 경기가 위기 상태로 악화된 경우에는 재무적 정보만으로는 부족하며, 외부환경변수 등 다른 비재무적 정보가 추가적으로 필요함을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 부실화 시기를 분석에 명시적으로 도입하였고, 경기 상황에 따라 부실화 원인이 다름을 규명하였다는 데에 그 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.   This study presents some empirical results of a study predicting corporate failure during a recession using financial ratios. The sample consisted of 148 failed firms and 421 nonfailed firms from listed companies. Logit model was composed of an intercept and the six independent variables: cash flow from operation to total assets, debt to equity, net income to sales, quick ratio, management capital turn over, and firm size. One distinguishing feature of this study is that significant factors in the prediction models were estimated across the evolution of recession: initial recession (January 1996 ~ September 1997), panical recession(October 1997 ~ January 1998), sustained recession(February ~ October 1998). The results of recession were compared with those of economic boom(1993~1995). The results indicated that the four factors derived from financial statements were statistically significant for purpose of assessing the probability of corporate failure. They were debt to equity, cash flow from operation, turn over ratio, and firm size. In all subperiods, the ratio of debt to equity appeared as an most important factor. Significant factor were different for each subperiod which were: debt to equity, cash flow from operation, turn over, and net income ratio of the firms failed in the initial recession; debt to equity, firm size, and cash flow from operation of those in panical recession; debt to equity, cash flow from operation of those in sustained recession; cash flow from operation of those in economic boom. The difference seemed to be caused due to the currency condition of the period. Prediction error, especially Type I error, was much less in initial recession than panical and sustained recession, which suggested that non-financial data need to be supplemented in the model predicting the firms failed in the panical and sustained recession.

Comparison of Postoperative Exodrift after First Unilateral and Second Contralateral Lateral Rectus Recession in Recurrent Exotropia

Eun Yeong Kim,Hyun Kyung Kim,이세엽,이영춘 대한안과학회 2016 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.30 No.1

Purpose: To compare postoperative exodrift of the first unilateral lateral rectus (ULR) muscle recession with theexodrift of the second contralateral ULR muscle recession in patients with recurrent small-angle exotropia (XT). Methods: We evaluated the results of a second ULR muscle recession in 19 patients with recurrent XT with deviationangles under 25 prism diopter (PD), following a first procedure of ULR muscle recession for small-angleXT. Recession of the lateral rectus muscle ranged from 8 to 9 mm. The postoperative motor alignment anddegree of exodrift were investigated after the first ULR muscle recession and the second ULR muscle recessionin the same patients. Results: Observed differences in postoperative ocular alignment between the first ULR muscle recession andthe second ULR muscle recession were statistically significant at follow-up periods of six months (7.84 ± 4.43vs. 3.89 ± 3.47 PD), one year (9.58 ± 4.97 vs. 5.21 ± 4.94 PD), and at a final follow-up (21.11 ± 2.98 vs. 7.52 ± 4.06PD) after surgery (p = 0.006, 0.013, and 0.000). Postoperative exodrift was statistically different between thefirst and second ULR muscle recessions at three to six months (2.89 ±3.75 vs. 0.63 ± 3.45 PD) and one yearto final follow-up (11.52 ± 5.50 vs. 2.32 ± 3.53 PD) (p = 0.034 and 0.000). All of the first ULR muscle recessionpatients showed XT with deviation angles of more than 15 PD at the final follow-up. Regardless, the surgicalsuccess rate (<8 PD) after the second ULR recession was 63.16% (12 patients) among the total amount ofpatients with recurrent XT. Conclusions: This study shows that changes in exodrift after a second ULR muscle recession are less thanchanges after the first URL muscle recession among patients with recurrent XT. A second ULR muscle recessionmay be a useful surgery for small-angle XT patients with deviation angles of 25 PD or less after a firstULR muscle recession.

불황기에서 회계정보에 의한 기업 부실화 예측

趙盛豹(조성표),柳寅規(류인규),최현돌 한국산업경영학회 2006 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

본 연구는 최근의 불황기에 재무비율을 이용한 기업의 부실화 예측에 관하여 실증 분석하였다. 다양한 경기순환과정을 경험한 1993년 1월부터 1998년 10월 사이에 부실화 된 상장기업 148개를 표본으로 선정하고 이와 비교하기 위해 부실기업과 같은 업종에 속하는 건전기업을 1:3의 비율로 대응시켰다. 재무비율로는 영업활동현금흐름, 차입금의존도, 당기순이익률, 당좌비율, 경영자본회전률, 기업규모를 t-검증, 로짓분석에 적용하였다. 또한 경기시점별로 불황기를 하락기(1996년 1월~1997년 9월), 위기기(1997년 10월~1998년 1월), 지속기(1998년 2월~10월), 그리고 호황기(1993년~1995년)으로 구분하여 기업부실화 예측모형의 요인이 달라지는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 기업부실화 예측모형에서 부채구조, 현금흐름, 그리고 활동성, 기업규모가 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 기업 부실화 요인은 경기시점별로 차이가 있었는데, 경기 하락기에는 부채구조와 활동성, 수익성이, 위기기에는 부채구조와 기업규모와 현금흐름이, 지속기에는 부채구조와 현금흐름이, 그리고 호황기에는 현금흐름이 유의적으로 나타났다. 부실화 시점에 따라 유의적인 변수가 달리 나타난 것은 경기가 가진 특성 중의 하나인 시중의 자금사정여부에 따른 것으로 생각된다. 또한 예측정확도에서 1종오분류율이 하락기에는 낮게 나타난 반면 위기기와 지속기에는 높게 나타났다. 이는 하락기에는 부채비율이나 수익성 등 재무적 정보만으로 부실 예측이 용이한 반면, 경기가 위기 상태로 악화된 경우에는 재무적 정보만으로는 부족하며, 외부환경변수 등 다른 비재무적 정보가 추가적으로 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또한 기업집단 내 한 계열사사 부실화되면 다른 계열사들도 함께 부실화되는 동반 부실화 현상을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 부실화 시기를 분석에 명시적으로 도입하였고, 시기를 경기에 따라 구분하여 부실화 원인을 규명하였다는 데에 그 의의를 찾을수 있을 것이다. This study presents some empirical results of a study predicting corporate failure during a recession using financial ratios. The sample consisted of 148 failed firms and 421 nonfailed firms from listed companies. Logit model was composed of an intercept and the six independent variables: cash flow from operation to total assets, debt to equity, net income to sales, quick ratio, management capital turn over, and firm size. One distinguishing feature of this study is that significant factors in the prediction models were estimated across the evolution of recession: initial recession (January 1996 ~ September 1997), panical recession (October 1997 ~ January 1998), sustained recession (February ~ October 1998). The results of recession were compared with those of economic boom (1993 ~ 1995). The results indicated that the four factors derived from financial statements were statistically significant for purpose of assessing the probability of corporate failure. They were debt to equity, cash flow from operation, turn over ratio, and firm size. In all subperiods, the ratio of debt to equity appeared as an most important factor. Significant factor were different for each subperiod which were: debt to equity, cash flow from operation, turn over, and net income ratio of the firms failed in the initial recession; debt to equity, firm size, and cash flow from operation of those in panical recession; debt to equity, cash flow from operation of those in sustained recession; cash flow from operation of those in economic boom. The difference seemed to be caused due to the currency condition of the period. Prediction error, especially Type I error, was much less in initial recession than panical and sustained recession, which suggested that non-financial data need to be supplemented in the model predicting the firms failed in the panical and sustained recession. We found domino effect of corporate failures among member companies in large corporation groups.

광고 크리에이티브에 있어 불황기의 광고 표현 유형 특징 분석 연구 - 2008~2009년의 국내 TV-CF를 중심으로 -

백주연 한국기초조형학회 2009 기초조형학연구 Vol.10 No.5

The second economic recession in Korea has affected the advertisement market, advertisement production environment, application of advertisement media, and psychological change of consumer. The advertisement varies according to the social change. Especially, after the economy, a social phenomenon, has been an issue, a significant change has been made on the advertisement creative. The advertisement expression in the recession shows different aspects from that in the boom. Generally, changes in the advertisement expression types depend on the economic fluctuation, product types, and market competition. The advertisement in the recession affects consumers’ interest and plays an important role in consumers’ trust to manufacturers. In addition, it contributes effectively to the consumption increase along with the increase in the brand values of manufacturers and in the sale amount. In this study, the domestic TV-CFs in 2008 and 2009 were used to analyze the advertisement expression type features in the recession. Moreover, the consumer reports in 2008 and 2009 created by famous domestic and international advertisement production companies were reorganized to investigate the consumers’ psychology and behavior in the recession. The advertisement expression types in the recession were analyzed according to the involvement, appeal, and values. The consumers’ characteristic in the recession was investigated by analyzing consumers’ psychology and change in their behavior during the recession. On the advertisement creative, this analysis of the advertisement expression type features in the recession will play a role in the suggestion of the effective advertisement expression methodologies that can appeal to consumers’ psychology in the recession. Further studies are needed to analyze the reaction of the advertisement customer in the recession. 제 2의 불황기라는 특수한 경제적 상황은 광고시장의 변화, 광고제작 환경, 광고매체의 활용 그리고 소비자의 심리와 구매행동 등을 변화 시켰다. 광고는 사회가 변화함에 따라 달라진다. 특히, ‘경제’라는 사회적 현상이 이슈(Issue)가 된 후에는 광고 크리에이티브에 커다란 변화를 가져왔다. 광고 크리에이티브 측면에서 불황기의 광고 표현 방법은 호경기와는 다른 양상을 보인다. 일반적으로 광고 표현유형의 변화는 경기변화의 영향, 제품군 그리고 시장의 경쟁구도에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 불황기 광고의 역할은 소비자의 소비성향 변화에 많은 영향을 주고, 소비자의 기업에 대한 신뢰와 공감대 형성에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 기업의 브랜드 가치상승, 기업 상품의 매출증대와 맞물려 빠른 소비심리 회복을 위한 경제적이고 효과적인 방법으로서의 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 불황기의 광고 표현 유형 특징 분석을 위해 2008년부터 2009년의 국내 TV-CF들을 사용하고, 또한 불황기 소비자의 심리 파악과 행동 유형 분석을 위해 2008년과 2009년의 국내외의 유명 광고대행사의 실제 소비자 조사 분석(인터뷰와 설문을 통한 실증 결과)을 재구성하고 인용하여 사용하였다. 불황기 광고 표현유형 분석은 관여도(Involvement), 광고소구(Appeal), 가치관소구(Values)에 따라 분석하였고, 불황기 소비자의 특징은 소비자 심리와 불황으로 인해 변화된 소비자 행동 유형의 특징을 분석하였다. 광고 크리에이티브에 있어 불황기의 광고 표현 유형 특징 분석 연구는 경제적인 위기에 직면한 불황기 소비자의 소비심리에 어필 할 수 있는, 새롭고 효과적인 불황기 광고 표현 방안으로서 역할을 할 것이고, 더 나아가 후속 연구에서는 불황기 광고 수용자를 위한 수용반응에 대한 실증적인 연구까지도 생각해 보아야 할 것이다.