Health-Care Providers' Perspectives towards Childhood Cancer Treatment in Kenya

Njuguna, F,Burgt, RHM van der,Seijffert, A,Musimbi, J,Langat, S,Skiles, J,Sitaresmi, MN,Ven, PM van de,Kaspers, GJL,Mostert, S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.9

Background: This study explored perspectives of health-care providers on childhood cancer treatment in Kenya. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 104 health-care providers in January and February 2013. Results: Seventy six percent of the health-care providers believed cancer to be curable. More doctors than other health-care providers had this positive opinion (p=0.037). The majority of health-care providers (92%) believed that most children with cancer will not be able to finish their treatment due to financial difficulties. They considered that prosperous highly-educated parents adhere better with treatment (88%) and that doctors adhere better with treatment for prosperous highly-educated parents (79%). According to 74% of health-care providers, quality of care is better for prosperous highly-educated parents (74%). Most health-care providers reported giving more explanation (71%), work with greater accuracy (70%) and use less difficult vocabulary (55%) to prosperous more educated families. Only 34% of health-care providers reported they feel more empathy towards patients from prosperous families. Reasons for non-adherence with the protocol according to health-care providers are: family refuses drugs (85%), inadequate supply of drugs at pharmacy (79%), child looks ill (75%), and financial difficulties of parents (69%). Conclusions: Health-care providers' health beliefs and attitudes differ for patients with families having high versus low socio-economic backgrounds.

온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 규정체계 개선에 대한 소고

나강(La, Kang) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2018 東亞法學 Vol.- No.80

디지털 네트워크 환경하에서 콘텐츠와 정보의 유통은 매개자인 온라인서비스제공자가 제공하는 각종 온라인서비스를 통하여 이루어지고 있다. 해당 서비스에서 발생하는 불법행위에 대하여 직접 침해자가 아닌 온라인서비스제공자는 어떤 법리를 근거로 책임을 물어야 되는가에 대하여 많은 논의가 있어 왔다. 온라인서비스제공자에 대한 법적 책임에 대한 입법은 일정요건을 충족하면 책임을 면제해 주는 미국의 DMCA, 유럽연합의 전자상거래지침 등 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 형태의 입법으로 나타나게 되었다. 우리나라의 경우 2003년 저작권법에 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 규정이 도입된 이후 몇 차례의 개정을 거쳐, 2011년 저작권법에서 온라인서비스제공자의 유형을 세분하고 유형별 면책요건을 규정하는 DMCA와 매우 유사한 규정체계를 취하게 되었다. 한편, 저작권법상 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 규정과는 별도로 2007년 정보통신망법을 시작으로 게임산업진흥법, 아동청소년성보호법, 전기통신사업법 등에서 불법정보에 대하여 형사책임 및 행정적 제재를 부과하는 개별 입법들이 계속되는 등 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한과 더불어 책임을 확대하는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 해외의 입법례들은 원칙적으로 온라인서비스제공자에게 책임을 부과할 때 인식하지 못한 정보에 대해서는 책임을 부과하지 않도록 하고 있으며, 사전검열이 될 수 있는 필터링 기술 등 일반적 감시 의무를 부과하는 것을 금지하고 있다. 그러나 우리의 경우 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 규정에 더하여 책임을 확대하고 일반적 감시의무라 볼 수 있는 개별 입법들이 이어지며 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한의 규정 취지를 퇴색시키고 온라인서비스제공자의 혼란을 야기하는 규정체계가 되고 있다는 점에서 개선이 필요하다. 디지털 시대의 인터넷은 소통의 공간이며 자유로운 정보 유통의 공간이다. 일반적 감시 의무의 부과는 사전검열로 인한 폐해를 발생시킬 우려가 있고 이러한 폐해는 불법으로 인한 폐해 못지않게 우리 사회와 문화에 중대한 피해가 될 수 있으며 자유로운 정보의 유통과 소통이라는 인터넷의 특성과도 배치되는 것이기 때문에 일반적 감시 의무를 부과하는 것은 금지되어야 한다. 본고에서는 일반적 감시 의무를 중심으로 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한에 관한 우리 법상 규정체계와 문제점을 살펴보고, 해외의 입법례 및 판례 등을 분석해 봄으로서 현행 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한 규정체계의 개선을 모색해 본다. The distribution of contents and information under the digital network environment is carried out through various online services provided by an online service providers as a mediator. There has been much debate as to why online service provider who is not a direct infringer should bear responsibility for the illegal activities that occur in the service. Legislation on legal liability to online service providers has emerged as a legislative form of liability for online service providers who exempt them from liability under certain conditions. The DMCA of the United States and the EU e-commerce directive are such legislations. In Korea, the limitation of liability of online service providers was introduced in copyright law in 2003. After several revisions, In 2011, the Copyright law has taken a very similar set of rules to the DMCA that subdivides the types of online service providers and sets out the requirements for exemptions by type. On the other hand, in addition to the limitation of liability of online service provider in the copyright law, individual legislations that imposed criminal liability and administrative sanctions against illegal information such as Game Industry Promotion Act, Child Juvenile Protection Act, There is a tendency to expand liability along with online service provider liability restrictions. In principle, foreign legislations prohibit liability for information that is not recognized when liability is imposed on online service providers, and prohibit the imposition of general monitoring obligation, such as filtering techniques that may be pre-screened. However, in Korea, in addition to the liability limitations of the online service providers, individual legislations are being followed, which can be seen as a broadening of liability and a general monitoring obligation. This phenomenon needs to be improved because it fades the intention of introducing online service provider liability restrictions and is becoming a confusing regulatory framework for online service providers. The Internet in the digital age is a space for communication and a space for free information distribution. The imposition of general monitoring obligation may create harm caused by pre-screening. In addition, it does not compatible with the characteristics of the Internet, such as free distribution and communication of information. For these reasons, imposing a general monitoring obligation should be prohibited. In this study, I analyze the regulation system and problems of Korea law regarding the limitation of liability of online service providers and the legislative cases and precedents of foreign countries, and suggests ways to improve the current liability limitation system of online service providers in Korea focusing on general monitoring obligation.

서비스 제공자의 고객 응대 능력 척도 정교화 및 타당화

이한근(Lee, Han),지성구(Ji, Seong Goo),이호택(Yi, Ho Taek),김영찬(Kim, Young Chan) 한국서비스경영학회 2015 서비스경영학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Extensive research on service providers’ customer-response ability has been examined in line with growth in global service industry. Most service literature and practice assume that relationship marketing effort such as service providers’ customer-response ability generate customer satisfaction and loyalty. but some researches couldn’t find consistent results from previous research. overall, these finding indicate that there are some mixed and ambiguous concepts in the construct of service providers’ customer-response ability. In this study, we tried to integrate relationship marketing and salespersons’ interpersonal skills for the purpose of conceptual elaborations for service providers’ customer-response ability. Researchers need to make clear factors of service providers’ customer-response ability in order to induce consistent results. To test the our research objective, data were collected from 290 customers who interact more than six month with service providers. Based on analysis, we showed that the service providers’ customer-response ability consists of five distinct factors of Rapport building, Detecting nonverbal cues, Taking bird’s-eye view, Shaping the interaction, and Listening skills. these results are our theoretical contributions for service providers’ customer-response ability by elaborating confused concepts in service marketing. and so, Those factors of service providers’ customer-response ability have been empirically tested to have significant effects on trust and post relationship-intent.

Continuous Improvements of a Clinical Pathway Increased Its Feasibility and Improved Care Providers` Perception in TKA

( Tae Kyun Kim ),( Moon Jong Chang ),( Seok Jin Kim ),( Young Dong Song ),( Sei Kyoung Kim ) 대한슬관절학회 2014 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.26 No.4

purpose: We aimed to determine 1) whether dropout rate decreased and 2) whether health care providers’ perceptions were changed with continued improvements of contents of clinical pathway (CP) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). materials and methods: This retrospective study included two separate analyses of patients and health care providers. In the analysis of patients, dropout rates and reasons were evaluated in two cohorts of patients who underwent TKA with CP applied at two different time periods (384 patients from 2009 to 2010 and 242 patients from 2012 to 2013). Contents of CP were continuously improved during the 3-year interval. Self-administered questionnaire surveys targeted to health care providers were carried out twice (2010 and 2013) and compared. results: Dropout rate decreased from 19.1% in the first time period to 10.4% in the second time period. Although overall satisfaction of care providers was high at both time-points, doctors had more favorable perceptions than nurses; most positive changes of perception were noted in nurses. The health care providers’ perceptions for potential concerns of CP were improved while the perceptions for potential benefits and satisfaction were maintained. conclusions: Continuously improved CP has increased feasibility for TKA patients and reduced health care providers’ concern about its value. We propose that CP can be implemented and actively used to improve the outcomes and efficacy of patient care for TKA, regardless of the rotation of care providers.

전문의약품 대중광고에 대한 의약전문인과 일반인간의 인식 비교 연구

오지운,김기태,안숙희,곽혜선 한국임상약학회 2015 한국임상약학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of perception on direct-to-consumer advertisement (DTCA) of prescription drugs between healthcare providers and consumers. Methods: The online and offline survey was conducted from May 26th to June 5th, 2013. The questionnaire was composed of 15 items about perception on DTCA of prescription drugs. Results: A total of 215 healthcare providers and 202 consumers responded to the questionnaire. Consumers had an overall positive attitude on permitting DTCA of prescription drugs and carried favorable views about the influence of the DTCA of prescription drugs on providing drug information, promoting communications between healthcare providers and consumers, and improving images of healthcare providers. Healthcare providers displayed negative perception for the needs of permitting the DTCA of prescription drugs compared to consumers. They showed somewhat skeptical perception about the influence of the DTCA of prescription drugs on necessities and efficiencies of delivering drug information, promoting communications between healthcare providers and consumers, and improving images of healthcare providers. Both healthcare providers and consumers were concerned about the increase of drug prices following the increase in advertisement expenses of pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: This study identified the perception differences on direct-to-consumer advertisements of prescription drugs between healthcare providers and consumers. This study could be of much help in the process of review on permitting DTCA of prescription drugs in Korea.

가상자산사업자의 업무행위 규제방안: MiCA와 자본시장법 및 금융소비자보호법의 비교를 중심으로

임재혁(Jayhyuk Im) 은행법학회 2024 은행법연구 Vol.17 No.1

가상자산사업자의 영업행위 규제는 가상자산이 갖는 특수성 및 위험성을 고려하여 2024. 7. 19. 시행 예정인 가상자산이용자보호법과 같이 별도의 법률로써 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서, 향후의 개선방안 역시 현행 자본시장법 및 금융소비자보호법의 규율체계를 참고하여 가상자산사업자에 공통되는 영업행위 규제와 가상자산사업자별 영업행위 규제로 나누어 검토되어야 한다. 먼저, 총론적인 차원에서의 가상자산사업자의 공통 영업행위 규제로 일반적 의무(투자자 보호의무 등), 업무규제(겸영, 부수업무), 업무위탁 규제, 이해상충방지규제, 투자권유규제, 직무관련정보이용금 지규제, 그 밖의 규제(광고, 수수료 등)가 필요하다. 일반적 의무로서 가상자산사업자에게 포괄적인 신의성실의무를 정하고, 업종별로 개별적인 선관주의의무 및 충실의무를 추가적으로 부과하여야 한다. 업무규제(겸영 및 부수업무)와 관련하여 가상자산업자가 영위할 수 있는 업무를 한정적·열거적 으로 제한하고, 겸영 또는 부수업무를 하고자 할 경우에는 일정한 요건을 갖추어 사전에 금융위원회의 승인을 얻도록 하는 방법으로 업무규제를 마련하여야 한다. 업무위탁규제(아웃소싱)와 관련하여서는 본질적인 업무 이외의 업무위탁을 가능하게 하면서 금융위원회에 대한 보고의무를 두고, 업무를 위탁받는 수탁자는 역시 인가를 받은 적격가상자산사업자로 제한하는 등의 규율을 두는 것이 타당하다. 이해상충방지규제와 관련하여서는 가상자산사업자에 대하여서도 자본시장법 제44조 및 제45조와 같은 형태의 일반적·포괄적인 이해상반행위 금지규정을 적용하면서, 개별 업종별로 이해가 상충될 우려가 있는 행위는 이용자의 동의 또는 금융위원회의 승인을 받도록 하여야 할 것이다. 가상자산의 높은 위험성을 고려하여 투자권유규제를 마련하고 가상자산의 특성을 반영한 새로운 투자권유준칙도 제정되어야 한다. 다음으로, 각론적인 차원에서의 가상자산사업자별 영업행위 규제로 매매중개업자규제, 자문일입업 자규제, 보관업자별 규제가 필요하다. 가상자산 주문집행업자의 경우 자기계약의 금지 및 최선집행의무 를, 인수주선업자의 경우 이해상반행위금지 및 불건전 영업행위의 금지를, 가상자산 주문접수·전송업 자는 매매명세의 통지의무를 각각 중심으로 하여 규율체계를 구축하여야 한다. 가상자산 자문업자에 대하여서 현행 자본시장법상의 규제 체계를 도입하면서, 장기적으로 가상자산 일임업을 허용하는 방안으로 체계정합성이 제고되어야 할 것이다. 가상자산 자문업자에 대하여서는 가상자산 평가의 공정성 확보, 비용등에 대한 완전한 정보제공, 정기적인 적합성 평가의무를 부가할 수 있다. 가상자산 보관업자에 대해서는, 가상자산 보관업자의 개념을 명확하게 정의하는 것을 전제로 ‘가상자산 보관’에 관한 내용을 정한 현행 가상자산이용자보호법 제7조의 편장을 이관하고, 보관방법을 보다 구체화하며, 제3자에 대한 보관위탁을 의무화하여야 한다. The regulatory framework for virtual asset service providers should be structured separately under existing laws such as the Virtual Asset Consumer Protection Act and MiCA, taking into account the unique characteristics and risks associated with virtual assets. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to the regulatory systems of the existing Capital Market Act and Financial Consumer Protection Act and to divide the regulations for virtual asset service providers into general business operation regulations applicable to all and specific business operation regulations tailored to each type of virtual asset service provider. For the general business rules of virtual asset service providers, it is necessary to establish general duties, business rules, business outsourcing rules, conflict of interest prevention rules, investment solicitation rules, rules prohibiting the use of professional information, and other rules. As a general obligation, comprehensive duties of good faith and fair dealing should be imposed on virtual asset service providers, with additional sector-specific duties of care and loyalty proposed. With respect to business operation regulations, it is proposed to limit restrictively and exhaustively the types of activities in which virtual asset service providers can engage, and if they wish to engage in concurrent or ancillary businesses, they should obtain the approval of the Financial Services Commission (FSC) after meeting certain requirements. Regarding the regulation of outsourcing, it would be appropriate to allow the delegation of tasks other than the core business while requiring reporting to the FSC and limiting the trustee to a licensed qualified virtual asset service provider. Regarding the rules for preventing conflicts of interest, similar to the provisions in Articles 44 and 45 of the Capital Market Act, general and comprehensive rules prohibiting conflicts of interest should be applied to virtual asset service providers. For activities that may conflict with individual sectors, user consent or FSC approval should be required. Given the high risks associated with virtual assets, regulations on investment solicitation should be established and new guidelines should be developed to reflect the characteristics of virtual assets. Next, the specific business operation rules for virtual asset service providers can be formulated by referring to the rules for brokerage firms, advisory firms and custodian firms. Specific rules can be formulated for each type of virtual asset service provider. For brokerage firms, rules may include prohibitions on self-dealing and best execution obligations. Advisory firms may be subject to rules prohibiting conflicts of interest and unethical business practices. Order receiving and transmitting firms should be regulated with a focus on obligations such as trade specification reporting. For virtual asset advisory firms, adopting the regulatory framework of existing capital markets law while allowing for discretionary management should enhance regulatory consistency. Additional requirements for advisory firms may include ensuring fairness in the valuation of virtual assets, providing complete information on costs, and mandatory periodic suitability assessments. Regarding virtual asset custodians, it is proposed to move the provisions on "virtual asset custody" from Article 7 of the current Virtual Asset Consumer Protection Act to specific regulations for each type of business.

HOW CONSUMERS REACT TO HIGHLY COMPETENT BUT POLITICALLY OPPOSITE SERVICE PROVIDERS: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

Sohyun Bae 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Expressing political stances is not rare among service providers such as taxi drivers and chefs. For instance, in 2021, a restaurant owner angry at the death of U.S. soldiers during the evacuation of Afghanistan posted a sign on the front door telling Biden supporters to eat elsewhere (Miller 2021). Given findings from research on brand activism, consumers can be expected to have less favorable attitudes toward service providers who are more politically different from them. However, if service providers who are politically opposite are more competent than ones who are politically identical, would consumers still choose politically identical but less competent service providers? To our knowledge, no research has been conducted to examine what factors influence consumers’ choices between more competent but politically opposite service providers and less competent but politically identical service providers. To fill that gap, in our research, we examined the role of consumers’ political ideology (i.e., conservative vs. liberal) in making trade-offs between more competent but politically opposite service providers and less competent but politically identical ones.

Selecting Service Providers with Neural Networks: Evidence from Car Service Providers

S. M. Khairova,V. A. Kovalev,B. G. Khairov,A. V. Shimohin 대한산업공학회 2019 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.18 No.3

The research goal is to test the ability of neural networks to solve management problems, e.g. to select a car service provider. To achieve this, the authors proposed a reliability scale of a car service provider and obtained a dependence to assess this reliability. These procedures provided the data that were used to train a neural network. The authors applied the expert method to obtain the weights of the parameters describing car service providers. The opinions of experts were used to compile the characteristics of the car service providers. These data helped train neural networks to identify the most optimal parameters for solving this problem – to select of a car service provider. The conducted research confirms the ability of neural networks to solve management problems of choosing service providers. The study revealed the most appropriate type and structure of the neural network for dealing with such a management task. The findings of the study can be used to create a software product that can help managers choose a service provider. Besides the authors proposed the criteria for identifying changes in the quality of services provided.

채널사용사업자의 지분제한 완화에 따른 지상파 광고 시장에의 영향 분석

여송필(Song Pil Yeo),오세성(Se Sung Oh),염성원(Sung Won Yeom) 한국광고홍보학회 2008 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 한·미 FTA 협정을 통해 타결된 방송서비스의 개방 내용 중 채널사용사업자(PP)에 대한 외국인 지분제한 철폐가 국내 광고시장에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석, 논의하였다. 이 과정에서 일차적으로 채널사용사업자의 광고매출을 결정하는 요인을 생산함수 추정에 사용된 자료와 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한 자료를 결합하여 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 도출된 결과는 방송채널사용사업자에 있어서 외국자본이 1% 증가하면, 광고매출이 0.079% 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 방송채널사용사업자의 광고매출 증가가 지상파 광고매출증가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 채널사용사업자의 광고매출이 1% 증가하고 외국자본이 1% 증가하면, 지상파 사업자의 광고매출은 0.299% 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 현재 국내에 진입해 있는 9개의 합작 채널사용사업자들이 모두 현지법인화 하는 경우를 가정하여 미국계 방송채널사용사업자의 광고매출 증가와 지상파사업자의 광고매출 감소를 추정한 결과, 2011년 채널사용사업자 광고 매출액이 총 376억 2,100만 원이 증가하였으며, 지상파 방송광고 매출액이 211억 5,900만 원 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 금액은 2011년 기준 지상파방송광고 매출액의 0.69%에 해당하는 금액이다. The Purpose of this study is to investigate and discuss the influence of reducing the limitation of ownership in PP of Cable TV on the broadcast advertising industry, while the various issues concerning the opening of broadcasting services that have contracted through Korea-US FTA. To obtain the factors determining the advertising sales of program providers(PP), this study performed a regression analysis by combining the data used for the estimation of production function with those analyzed for the effects of company performance. From the findings of these processes, it has been observed that advertising sales increased by 0.079% in case that foreign capital went up by 1% in broadcasting program providers. Then, the study also analyzed the effects of their increase in advertising sales on an increase in the advertising sales of ground waves. As a result, it has been found that the latter`s advertising sales decreased by 0.299% if both those of the program providers and foreign capital increased by 1%. By speculating the case that all of nine joint-venture program providers currently operating in Korean market would be transplanted, the increase in the advertising sales of US-owned broadcasting program providers and the decrease in those of ground wave providers were estimated. Then, it has been shown that there would be an increase of 37,621,000,000 won from the advertising sales of program providers and a decrease of 21,159,000,000 won from those of ground wave broadcasting in 2011. The amount would be corresponding to 0.69% of the advertising sales of ground wave broadcasting as of 2011.

A Study on the Development Strategy of Third-Party Logistics Service Providers in China

Yong-keun Lee,Hua Guo 한국유통과학회 2012 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2012 No.-

Third-party logistics (3PL) has been paid extensive attention since it was introduced to China. However, it is still at the early stage. This report analyses the result of a survey questionnaire which is made to determine the usage of the 3PL practices in China. The study results mainly focus on four issues. Firstly, it is the present extent of usage of 3PL service; secondly, on the one side of 3PL shipper the report analyses the reasons for outsourcing and impact of using the 3PL services; thirdly, on the other side of 3PL service provider the author compares the Chinese 3PL service providers with the foreign, and reveals Chinese 3PL providers' major execution obstacles; finally, the report emphasizes the importance of the relationship between 3PL shipper and service provider. According to the survey, this report describes major backwardnesses of 3PL service providers in China, and tries to provide a few of useful strategies for continuously development by improving their services.