정보기술과 발전, 그리고 북한 정보기술 개발지원

고경민 통일연구원 2009 統一 政策 硏究 Vol.18 No.2

This paper critically reviews the relationship between information technology(IT) and development of developing countries, and then draws out implications for the South Korean development assistance to North Korea. In order to achieve this aim, this paper examined regarding the relationships between IT and economic and political development and based on this examination, critically reviewed two cases. One is IT ODA (official development assistance) which being carried out by developed countries in the context of IT impact on the economic development of the developing countries. And the other is U.S. policy of License Exceptions for computer exports which adjusted in the context of IT impact on the political development of the authoritarian developing countries. Based on this analysis, this paper suggests some following implications for IT development assistance to North Korea. First, it needs to assistance considered economic and cultural basis of IT utilization, and the will of the government and its strategy. Second, it should be reflect what is North Korea's needs and demands in recipient country perspective. Third, it need to careful and gradual approach to the distinctiveness of North Korean regime. Fourth, it should be beware overoptimism, that is IT impact on democratization of North Korea. Finally, it should be beware the South-South conflict between conservative and progressive views around the democratic potential of IT. 이 글의 목적은 정보기술과 개발도상국의 발전의 관계를 비판적으로 검토하고 대북 개발지원에 관한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 정보기술과 발전(경제발전과 정치발전)의 관계 및 두 가지의 사례를 검토한다. 하나는 정보기술의 경제적 효과의 맥락에서 추진되고 있는 개발도상국의 발전을 위한 국제협력, 특히 선진국들의 공적 개발원조(official development assistance: ODA) 사례이고, 다른 하나는 정보기술의 정치적 영향이라는 관점에서 정보기술 이전을 통해 민주주의의 확산을 꾀하고자 하는 미국의 수출통제정책 완화 사례이다. 이러한 분석을 통해서 이 글은 다음과 같은 대북 정보기술 개발지원에 관한 몇 가지 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, 정보기술 활용의 경제적·문화적 토대와 정부의 의지 및 전략 등을 고려한 지원이 필요하다. 둘째, 북한의 요구와 필요를 반영한 수원국의 시각에서 구체적인 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 북한사회체제의 특수성을 고려하여 신중하고 점진적으로 접근해야 한다. 넷째, 정보기술의 정치적 효과로서 북한의 민주화에 대한 과도한 낙관론을 경계해야 한다. 마지막으로, 정보기술의 민주적 효과와 관 련한 남한 내부의 갈등, 즉 진보와 보수 세력간의 남남갈등을 고려해야 한다.

공적개발원조(ODA)를 통한 선제적 보훈외교

라미경 한국동북아학회 2015 한국동북아논총 Vol.20 No.1

The Purpose of this article to explore preemptive Patriots & Veterans Diplomacy through Korea's Official Development Assistance. South Korea, which was one of the poorest countries after the Korean War, has become the eleventh largest economy in the world. Since we successfully reconstructed by virtue of international emergency aid, we are repaying the benefit by aiding developing countries as a member of OECD Development Assistance Committee, so-called aid club of developed countries. Finally, The expansion of Korea's Official Development Assistance goes beyond a simple monetary contribution 'national status' rise of the Republic of Korea and the international community to build its presence in a key role. 본 논문의 목적은 보훈문화 창달과 선제적 보훈선양정책의 추진방안을 모색하기 위해 6.25전쟁의 폐허에서 공적개발원조(ODA: Official Development Assistance)의 수원국에서 공여국으로 전환된 우리나라 현재의 정체성을 분석해 보고 공적개발원조(ODA)를 통해 6.25전쟁 당시 우리나라를 지원했던 지원국을 중심으로 ‘보훈외교’를 할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 우리나라는 2010년 1월에는 공적개발원조(ODA) 공여국 포럼인 OECD 개발원조위원회(DAC: Development Assistance Committee)의 24번째 회원국으로 정식 가입했다. 국제원조에 의존하던 세계 최빈국 대한민국은 50년 만에 세계 10위권의 경제대국으로 성장하여 이제는 국제원조의 공여국으로서 세계로부터 받았던 원조를 되갚고 있다. 1970년대 UN의 재정적 도움으로 시작했던 국제원조 사업이 이제는 연간 수조원의 기여를 하는 개발원조로 발전하였다. 이러한 공적개발원조의 확대가 단순한 금전적인 기여를 넘어서서 대한민국의 국격의 상승과 국제사회에서의 입지를 구축하는 데에 매우 핵심적인 역할을 하고 있다.

REVISITING EFFECTS AND STRATEGIES OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA): A PANEL ANALYSIS

진상기,오철호 한국행정학회 2012 International Review of Public Administration Vol.17 No.3

Since the 1960s there have been disputes among economists and international relations experts about the contribution of official development assistance (ODA) to recipient countries’ economic development. Under the circumstances, this paper attempts to empirically examine the effects of ODA on the economic development of developing countries. To this end, this paper conducted a panel data analysis of 117countries categorized as aid recipients since 1980 under the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Among several models, the best fitmodel (a fixed effects model with autocorrelation) was identified. The model shows what factors affect the relationship between ODA and economic development. Further, the interaction between ODA and national transparency reveals an interesting finding: once national transparency rises over a certain level (i.e., critical level 2.288 in the analysis of this study)in a recipient nation, ODA’s effect on the nation’s economic development reaches its upper limit. This paper also examined the ODA’s economic effectiveness according to the income levels of recipient nations. For example, for middle-income nations, ODA, national transparency, and education level were all found to positively influence national economic development. Moreover, this study categorized aid recipient countries into four groups according to their levels of national transparency and income,and suggested differentiated ODA approaches for each type.

한국의 對아프리카 ODA 중점분야 도출 방법론에 관한 소고

박영호(Park Young Ho) 한국아프리카학회 2016 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.47 No.-

The amount of the official development assistance(ODA) that Korea has made to Africa, including grants and loans, showed an unprecedented progress from the mid 2000s while the region has been newly emerging as an important partner for Korea in terms of economic and political aspects. Despite the significant and impressive growth in the quantity of ODA funding, not much detailed analysis has been done on the quality of Korea’s ODA projects in Africa. The quality of Korea’s ODA for Africa is expected to be enhanced once we identify which areas or sectors of development cooperation Korea should focus on in providing such assistance. In recognition of this growing need, this study seeks to identify the core areas of development cooperation between Korea and Africa through quantitative analysis, measuring the degree of Africa’s needs and Korea’s aid supply capacity, and draw some policy implications. For the purpose of the study, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique which are primary recipient countries of Korea’s ODA were selected. The study paired the above four selected countries with a respective benchmarkable(one-step advanced) country, based on income levels and development stages for comparative analysis which, in turn, identified development needs of recipient countries. The paper then ranks priority sectors by harmonizing development needs of recipient countries and Korea’s aid capability. For example, sectors in which both the development needs of recipient countries and Korea’s aid capabilities is strong are ranked “no 1”, followed by sectors in which the development needs of recipients are high, but Korea’s aid capacity is relatively low(no.2), and then sectors in which the development needs of recipients are low, yet Korea’s aid capabilities are strong(no.3). Lastly, sectors in which both the development needs of recipients and Korea’s aid capabilities are low are placed in the ‘aid to be deferred’ category. Priority sectors(no.1) identified for all countries are water and telecommunication, which is reflecting well on the situations and challenges Africa countries face. Agriculture was measured as priority sector for Ethiopia and Kenya. As a matter of fact, there is a broad consensus that agricultural development is the key to addressing the poverty trap and initiate take-off economic development in African continent. It is because more than 90 percent of the continent’s poor population live in rural areas and depends on agriculture for their livelihood. This study takes a sector-by-sector approach in recognition of the pressing need to improve the quality of Korea’s ODA toward Africa. Notwithstanding its motive and aim, this study has an obvious limitation in terms of the methodology it has adapted in identifying the core areas of cooperation. Follow-up research will, therefore, be necessary to provide more in-depth and scientific analysis for development cooperation between Africa and Korea.

스포츠와 국제개발: 한국스포츠외교의 세계화 뿌리내리기

김범식(BeomSigKim),이루지(RuJiLee),최문정(MoonJungChoi),임영선(YoungSeonLim) 한국체육학회 2016 한국체육학회지 Vol.55 No.4

한국은 2009년 9월 선진 공여국 클럽인 OECD의 개발원조위원회(Development Assistance Committee)에 가입하였지만, 스포츠원조에 있어서 아직도 초보적인 걸음마 단계를 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 앞으로 한국이 국제스포츠사회에서 영향력 있는 선진 스포츠 강국으로 도약하기 위해서는 경기력에 걸맞는 해외 스포츠 지원 사업을 보다 활발히 전개할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식에서 출발하여 스포츠 국제개발의 의의와 한국 스포츠 국제개발의 가능성을 사례로 탐구하면서 대안을 찾고자 하였다. 한국의 스포츠 국제개발은 첫째, 인류의 보편적 가치에 정합성을 둔개도국의 질병예방 및 건강 증진, 교육 수단의 활용, 양성평등의 가치 확산, 스포츠의 산업적 가치 활용, 전쟁과 갈등의 해소, 사회구성원간의 접촉 및 소통, 전 지구적인 협력체계 구축을 목적으로 해야 한다. 둘째, 국제개발의 효율적인 전개를 위해 수원국의 국가발전계획, 신흥원조 공여국의 개발경험, 민간역량 개발, 우수 프로그램 확보, 재원조달 방법의 다양화와 개발사업의 사전 및 사후 평가도 실시하여야 한다. 셋째, 국내의 문화체육관광부, 대한체육회, 외교 통상부, 한국국제협력단, NGO, 기업 등과 해외의 각국 정부, UN, IOC, FIFA, Right to Play 등과 같은 기관 및 단체 간의 유기적인 협력관계를 구축하여야 한다. Even though Korea has become a member state of OECD DAC in September, 2009, the country``s coverall contribution to international development through sport seems still insufficient. Likewise, Korea should initiate proactive development through sport programs at various levels for developing countries in order to enhance the country``s position at international sport governing bodies. In this view, the current study examined relatively successful sport development programs conduced by foreign agencies including governmental organizations with implementing the significance of international development activities using sports. Attention was also paid to Korean sport programs and their potential to be used for international development. First, Korean sport development program for developing countries must have following aims on based on conformity to the universal values of human life: preventing diseases, promoting health, universal education, gender equality, alleviating conflict, inter and intra community communication, industrial development, and global partnership. Second, The need for long-term national development plan of a recipient country, the experience of emerging donor, the improvement of civilian ability, Korea-self outstanding program in oder to deliver the international development through sport program effectively. Also, funding sources must be diversified and the program must be systematically evaluated. Finally third, a close cooperation between governmental and non governmental organizations such as Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Korean Olympic Committee, NGO, enterprise domestically and the government, UN, IOC, FIFA, Right to Play internationally are required.

국제보건에서 한의약 공적개발원조의 현재와 지속가능한 발전전략

황예은,이승현,김형우,남효주,이승언,백유상,채한 대한한의학회 2024 대한한의학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Objectives: Korea has a unique history of being both a recipient and a donor of Official Development Assistance (ODA), and the international community expects Korea to contribute to the development of developing countries by utilizing this experience. Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) seeks to contribute to global health, however the concept of ODA has been unclear and there has been no clear strategy and sustainable initiatives. Methods: This study examines the concept of ODA and its application in global health, including business objectives, scale, evaluation principles, and development strategies. Additionally, we reviewed the current status of Traditional Korean medicine globalization projects and conducted a SWOT analysis of the internal and external environment of the TKM sector. Based on these findings, we redefined the concept of ODA for TKM and proposed suggestions for its development. Results: The current study identified key ideas for TKM ODA. It should prioritize the improvement of primary healthcare in recipient countries, aligning with the international evaluation criteria of the SDGs. Secondly, TKM's 70 years of experience can be leveraged to enhance both the competence and economic benefits of recipient countries' medical systems. Based on these concepts, a TKM ODA development model was proposed, comprising two core visions, three development strategies and goals, and six core values. Conclusion: This study systematically examined the TKM in global health and suggested sustainable development strategies for TKM ODA. Through its expansion, TKM could contribute to the advancement of global traditional medicine and its overall engagement in healthcare.

타지키스탄 대상 산림부문 공적개발원조 사업 타당성 평가

안지은(Jieun Ahn),김가은(Gaeun Kim),김지원(Jiwon Kim),김승현(Seunghyun Kim),손요환(Yowhan Son) 고려대학교 생명자원연구소 2022 생명자원연구 Vol.30 No.-

건조한 대륙성 기후를 가지는 중앙아시아 지역에서 아랄해 고갈 및 사막화에 대응하기 위한 산림 조성 및 산림 복원 협력 수요가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대한민국의 타지키스탄에 대한 산림부문 공적개발원조(official development assistance, ODA) 사업의 타당성을 조사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 사업 추진 여부를 결정하고 추진 전략에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. 타당성 평가를 위해 경제협력개발기구 개발원조위원회(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee, OECD/DAC)에서 제공하는 6대 평가 기준을 변형하여 세 가지 평가 기준(적절성, 협력국준비태세, 지속가능성)을 수립하였다. 이 기준으로 평가한 결과 후속 사업을 추진하는 것이 타당하다고 판단된다. 아울러, 사업의 성과 유지 및 지속가능성 증진을 위해 관계 기관의 역량 배양이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 중앙아시아 대상 산림 ODA 평가에 대한 사례 연구로써 향후 실효성 있는 평가법 개발 및 대(對)중앙아시아 산림 협력 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Central Asian countries have demanded forest sector development to cope with depletion of the Aral Sea and desertification. As one of the development measures, the forest official development assistance (ODA) project between the Republic of Korea and Tajikistan has been discussed. This study evaluated the feasibility of the project by reviewing the literature materials, and the implications for establishing strategies were drawn. The feasibility study was conducted in accordance with three evaluation criteria (relevance, readiness, and sustainability), which were modified from the ones of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee (OECD/DAC). Even though the project was evaluated as feasible, the result of the evaluation revealed that the overall capacity of forest sector in Tajikistan should be advanced to guarantee sustainability of the project's outcome. This study will serve as a referable case study for developing reasonable evaluation system for the forest ODA projects and promoting the forest cooperation projects in Central Asia.

새마을운동의 아프리카 공적개발원조(ODA) 적용 방향

임형백(Lim Hyung Baek) 한국지역개발학회 2011 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The Korea became a member of Development Assistance Committee(DAC). DAC is the subordinate body of the OECD, which deals with issues related to cooperation with developing countries. Korea is in Official Development Assistance(ODA) in Africa. Saemaul Undong gained in popularity as successful development model in Africa. People enlightenment, leader upbringing, voluntary participation of people in Saemaul Undong is important thing that helps differentiate from western development model. The objectives of this study were to seek for directions of Saemaul Undong to Africa as ODA. This paper suggested directions of Saemaul Undong to Africa as ODA as followings. First, formulation of propulsion system. Second, development of Saemaul Undong as Korean-type development model and apply to Africa through ODA; guideline, manuals, evaluation indicators. Third, indigenization policy. Fourth, building trust(confidence-building). Fifth, reach in good condition in development cooperation. Sixth, building cooperation system according to industrial process(=stages-of-growth). Seventh, building human network. Eighth, support for not only economic development but also democracy development.

수자원 개발사업 ODA의 방향

이종호(Lee, Jong Ho) 한국지적정보학회 2018 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라 수자원개발사업의 역사, 현황을 고찰한 후 수자원개발사업의 문제점을 도출하기 위해 갈등이 컸던 새만금 간척사업, 경인운하, 영월다목적댐(동강댐), 한탄강댐, 4대강살리기사업에 대해 갈등요소, 거버넌스, 법정소송 등을 중심으로 비교․고찰하였다. 그리고 우리나라 수자원 및 위생 분야 공적개발원조 (ODA: Official Development Assistance)를 경제협력개발기구 개발원조위원회(OECD DAC: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Development Assistance Committee)와 비교하고 나아가 우리나라, 일본 등의 수자원개발사업 ODA 사례를 토대로 문제점을 고찰하였다. 수자원개발사업 ODA 평가방안으로 한국국제협력단(KOICA) 및 대외경제협력기금(EDCF)의 평가, OECD DAC의 동료검토, 환경영향평가를 고찰한 후 이를 토대로 수자원개발 ODA 개선방향을 제시하였다. 첫째 수자원개발사업 ODA 시행시 물-에너지-식량 넥서스 관점에서 접근해야 할 것이다. 둘째 수자원 개발사업 ODA의 경우 OECD DAC의 개발사업에 대한 전략환경평가와 환경영향평가에 대한 지침을 반영하고 한국의 환경영향평가법의 내용과 취지에 입각하여 특히 사회영향평가를 강화하여 환경영향평가를 시행함으로써 부작용을 예방하거나 최소화하도록 한다. 셋째 주민의견이 제대로 반영되는 주민 조직이 형성되고 거버넌스가 강화되어야 할 것이다. This study considers the history and current state of water resources development in Korea. In order to identify the problems of water resources development, this study compares and analyses water resources development cases such as Saemangeum Reclamation Project, Gyeongin Carnal, Youngweol Multi-purpose Dam, Hantan River Dam, and Four Major Rivers Restoration Project based on conflict issues, governance and lawsuit. And it compares Korea’s ODA(Official Development Assistance) on water resources and sanitation and those of OECD DAC(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Development Assistance Committee) and compares the problems of Korea’s ODA on water resources and sanitation with those of other countries. After considering the evaluation of KOICA and EDCF, peer review of OECD DAC and environmental impact assessment as assessment method, it suggests the improvements for ODA on water resources development: first water-energy-food nexus approach with multi-purpose water resources development. second implementation of environmental impact assessment emphasizing social impact assessment, and third resident participation and strengthening governance.

국제 미디어 리터러시 교육 개발 협력에 관한 연구: 베트남 청소년 대상 프로그램 개발 전략을 중심으로

최숙 ( Sook Choi ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2018 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 국제개발협력 차원에서 지속가능한 발전을 추구하는 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램을 개발할 필요성과 의의를 검토하기 위해 관련 이론 및 현황을 탐색하고, 해당 교육 프로그램의 개발 전략을 모색하는데 있다. 복합적 개념을 지향하는 미디어 리터러시 교육과 국제개발협력의 새로운 패러다임으로 제시된 지속가능한 발전을 위한 목표(SDGs)에 대한 이론적 논의와 쟁점을 탐색하고 이를 통합한 3E(탐색/참여/권한) 교육 모델을 기반으로 베트남 청소년 대상 미디어 리터러시 교육 개발 협력 프로그램의 개발 전략을 수립하였다. 전략의 수립에 요구, 학습자, 교육환경 현황을 파악하기 위해 실시한 요구조사 결과를 반영하여 SDGs 중 인권과 국가간 평등성 제고를 위한 문화 다양성 추구라는 의제를 중심으로 협력국에 대한 이해가 핵심적인 가치로 전제된 프로그램 개발 방향과 내용 개발전략을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the relevant theories and current status of media literacy education programs to pursue sustainable development in international development assistance. Based on the theoretical discussions and issues on SDGs presented as a new paradigm of media literacy education and international development assistance aimed at a composite concept, and the 3E (Explore/Engage/Empowerment) education model incorporating them, the development strategy of the media literacy education development assistance program for the youth of Vietnam was established. The results of the preliminary research on the needs, the participants, and the educational environment are presented, and the metrics for the program development direction and the contents development are suggested.