전쟁과 식민의 기억 : 히노 게이조의 문학을 중심으로

김계자 ( Gae-ja Kim ) 국민대학교 일본학연구소 2021 일본공간 Vol.29 No.-

This paper considers how Hino Keizo began writing novels after covering the Vietnam War, and analyzes that the memories of war and colonization are newly recalled and embodied. Hino Keizo was born in Japan and moved to colonial Chosun in 1934. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, he repatriated to Japan. In the 1960s, he visited Seoul again, and returned to Japan as a correspondent to cover the Vietnam War. As a result, his literature represents the relative topology by the continuous movement and the existence of floating people, showing the expansion of boundaries between subject and space. This characteristic composes new relationships, representing a literary embodiment of “home”. Hino Keizo’s works from the early works to the series of autobiographical novels are created by continuous movement, representing the memories of war and colonization and symbolic of a new relativity and place of memory.

민족/국가와 여성의 재현 - 孫昌涉과 日野啓三의 소설을 중심으로

한국어문학회 2009 語文學 Vol.0 No.104

<P>This dissertation is the analysis of how the literature of Korea and Japan which have a special experience of the Japanese colonial rule in Korea represents the women in the each other nation. For this, I compared the novels of Son Chang-sub and Hino Keizo and reviewed them. As a result, I got a following conclusion:</P><P> The first one I found is that when the representation of woman is identified by ‘nation/state’ based on the subjectivity of man, the women in the literature are forced to be distorted.</P><P> The second one is that Son and Hino has a common point in which both of them connected the representation of women with ‘nation/state’, but what they wanted to acquire through the representation are different to each other.</P><P> The last one is that we must stop the representation of marriage immigrants through ‘nation/state’prevailed in the society of Korea in order to solve the tension at the present when an international marriage increases rapidly, and as Hino said, understand the secret desires of marriage immigrants.</P>

포스트콜로니얼의 어떤 복잡한 월경적 연애에 관하여

김예림(Yerim Kim) 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 서강인문논총 Vol.0 No.31

이 논문은 전후 일본의 집합기억의 역학을 분석하고 이 장에서 구식민지였던 조선-남한이 어떠한 위치에 놓여 있었는지를 고찰한다. 문제적인 것은, 전후 일본에서 전쟁을 기억하는 행위가 결코 식민지를 기억하는 행위는 아니었다는 점이다. 따라서 전후 일본의 기억-기록의 장에서 드러나는 불균형과 구식민지를 향한 현실적, 상징적 처리 방식에 주목할 필요가 있다. 1945년 이래 일본에서는 전쟁(패전)을 둘러싼 다양한 기억-기록물과 재현물이 지속적으로 재/생산, 재/구성되어 왔다. 반면 구식민지 조선에 대한 기억은 소거되었다. 그러나 당시 패전한 일본과 해방된 조선-남한이 서로에 대해 맺고 있던 관계를 보여주는 몇몇 자료들이 존재한다. 해방된 조선-남한에 대해서 일본은 연장된 식민주의나 공포와 같은, 모순적이고 양가적인 태도를 취했다. 1945년 이후, 기존의 제국/식민지라는 계서제적 권력관계에서 벗어난 조선은 일본에 대해, 동등한 위상을 갖는 불투명한 ‘이웃’이 되었다. 이제는 ‘이웃’이 되어버린 타자로서의 조선은 일본의 자기의식을 계속 자극하는 존재가 된다. ‘인양서사’는 이와 같은 전후 일본의 복잡한 자기 구축의 맥락과 과정을 반영하고 있다. 특히 이 글에서는 조선-남한과 일본의 경계를 넘나드는 ‘월경적 연애’의 상상이 갖는 의미론적 위상을 규명하였다. 이를 위해 1950년대에서 1970년대에 이르기까지 한일 양국에서 나온 월경적 연애의 서사들 즉 후지와라 데이의 『灰色の丘』, 이범선의 『검은해협』, 히노 게이조의 중단편을 주요 분석대상으로 삼았으며, 이와 더불어 『親和』의 담론을 분석하였다. This paper analyzes the dynamics of the collective memories of postwar Japan and the position of the old colony Korea at terms of postcolonial Japanese memories-field. It is problematic that the memories of the war don’t mean the memories of the colonies which Empire Japan had occupied. Therefore, it’s necessary to pay attention to unevenness of collective consciousness and the way of treatment of past colonies like Korea in postwar Japan. Since 1945, various kinds of memories or representations concerning (defeated) war had been continuously (re)produced and (re)constructed, while those of old colony Korea have been erased in postwar Japan. But there are some materials which describe realistic and symbolic relations between Japan and Korea. Toward liberated Korea, postwar Japan has contradictory attitudes such as extended colonialism and fear for the others. Liberated Korea which got out of empire/colony hierarchy became equal but obscure ‘neighbor’, that is to say the other who stimulates self-consciousness of defeated Japan. The narratives of Japanese refugees(hikiagesha) show the context and process of complicated self-construction in postwar Japan. Especially, this paper probes the location and meaning of imagination regarding ‘transnational love’ between postwar Japan and Korea, focusing on the novels and essays written in 1950s~1970s. For this work, I analyze Hujiwara Tei(藤原てい)’s 『灰色の丘』, Lee Beomseon’s Geomeun Haehyeop(Black Strait), Hino Keizo’s novels and articles of monthly magazine 『親和』.

전후일본에서 문예비평의 굴절— 한국전쟁의 문학적 영향 —

가지오후미타케 한국일본사상사학회 2023 일본사상 Vol.- No.44

This paper focuses on the coterie magazine “Gendai Bungaku” (Contemporary Literature), which was founded in 1950 by students at the University of Tokyo during the Korean War, and examines the starting period and subsequent trends of Hino Keizo, Ooka Makoto, and Kim Tae-joong, who gathered at this magazine, from the perspective of postwar conversion. Hino Keizo, who accepted the outbreak of the Korean War as the end of the “postwar” period, recognized that revolution and war were imminent for Japan, still a backward country. He defined contemporary literature as a fictional position that rejects bloodshed. This acceptance of the primacy of politics in reality distorted the postwar critical framework of “politics and literature,” which defends the autonomy of literature. However, the Korean War brought prosperity, not bloodshed, to Japanese society. Having thus lost the basis for his criticism, Hino then turned to depoliticization and warped the framework of “politics and literature” in the opposite direction. Ooka Makoto’s poem “Around the Nativity of 1951,” published in “Gendai Bungaku”, is a resistance or anti-war poem against the Korean War, but it is also inclined toward word play. The work itself is bound by a sense of taboo against using the bloodshed of war as material for a play on words in poetry. Later, however, Ooka took a more defensive stance toward his “dream” as a poet than toward social morality. Ooka, who regarded Paul Éluard not as a poet of resistance but as a poet with the sensitivity to internalize nature, called the 1950s, the political season he had experienced, “the age of the festival of sensitivity. This was inextricably linked to his desire to forget the experience of the Korean War. “Otozure ni” (“To visit”), published by Kim Tae-joong in “Gendai Bungaku”, is a poem that can be seen as a parody of Ooka’s work. It is inscribed with the experiences of the diaspora as a Korean in Japan, from the colonial period to the Korean War era. Kim Tae-joong, however, went on to become a business manager, and from the late 1950s onward, he was away from the world of poetry. Japan’s postwar reconstruction in the wake of the Korean War determined the triumph of literary autonomy, but it was also inseparable from turning a blind eye to the social contradictions hidden behind the “peace under heaven”.

민족/국가와 여성의 재현

강진구(Kang Jin-goo) 한국어문학회 2009 語文學 Vol.0 No.104

This dissertation is the analysis of how the literature of Korea and Japan which have a special experience of the Japanese colonial rule in Korea represents the women in the each other nation. For this, I compared the novels of Son Chang-sub and Hino Keizo and reviewed them. As a result, I got a following conclusion: The first one I found is that when the representation of woman is identified by ‘nation/state’ based on the subjectivity of man, the women in the literature are forced to be distorted. The second one is that Son and Hino has a common point in which both of them connected the representation of women with ‘nation/state’, but what they wanted to acquire through the representation are different to each other. The last one is that we must stop the representation of marriage immigrants through ‘nation/state’prevailed in the society of Korea in order to solve the tension at the present when an international marriage increases rapidly, and as Hino said, understand the secret desires of marriage immigrants.

전쟁의 어떤 당사자인가? - 1970년 전후 일본에서의 베트남 전쟁 르포르타주와 소설 표현 -

가게모토 츠요시(KAGEMOTO, Tsuyoshi) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2020 동방학지 Vol.190 No.-

일본은 베트남전쟁을 통해 경제 성장을 했다. 1965년, 베트남 전쟁이 본격화되면서 현지 르포르타주가 양산되었다. 그것은 읽을거리로 소비되는 한편, 전쟁으로 희생되는 베트남 민중에 대한 관심을 불러일으켰다. 베트남 반전 운동에 참여했던 일본 시민 대다수는 베트남과 직접적인 관련을 가지지 않았다. 반전 운동은 그들에게 운동에 참여하는 각자의 행동 근거를 찾게 만들었다. 그것은 ‘2차 대전의 피해자’도 ‘계급’도 아닌 미일 안보체제 하에서의 일상생활 비판으로 연결되어, 전쟁의 ‘가해자’라는 입장으로 나타났다. 반면 베트남전쟁을 취재한 작가들은 반복해서 베트남을 그렸다. 가이코 다케시(KAIKO Takeshi)와 히노 게이조(HINO Keizo)는 문학표현을 통해 반전 운동과는 다른 사상을 펼쳤다. 그것은 개인적 경험을 부각시키는 비정치적 작업이었다. 가이코의 경우 피해자도 가해자도 아닌 방관자로서의 당사자성을 모색하면서 동시에 베트남 민중들의 생활력을 형상화했다. 그러한 모색은 일본이 베트남전쟁에서의 직접적 당사자가 아닌 위치에 있다는 조건으로 인해 가능했다. 당사자가 아니기 때문에 당사자성에 대해 모색할 수 있던 것이다. 제3자의 당사자성을 모색한 기록은 문학이 가지는 정치성이라고 할 수 있다. The Vietnam War has grown the Japanese economy. A lot of Reportage from the Vietnam War has been published. Japanese people became interested in the Vietnam War after reading Reportage. Through the anti-war movement, the Japanese discovered that Japan is the perpetrator of the Vietnam war. The writers wrote a novel about the Vietnam War. KAIKO Takeshi and HINO Keizo have written stories about Vietnam over and over again. They developed ideas different from those of the antiwar movement.

정체(政體), 인민 그리고 베트남(전쟁)이라는 사건

김예림 ( Kim Ye Rim ) 역사문제연구소 2014 역사문제연구 Vol.18 No.2

This paper explores the perception of Vietnam and the Vietnam War in 1960s Korea, fo-cusing on the problems of political systems and governmentality. In the early 1960s, Korea and Vietnam were both undergoing political crises, with the delayed transfer of power to the civil government in South Korea, and the political uprising against the dicta-torship and continuous coups d`etat in Vietnam. The two nations shared a common his-torical and socio-political background as the new states of Asia, considered `backward na-tions` or third-world countries. Japanese intellectuals noticed the similarities between these two countries. This paper examines the respective perspectives of South Korean and Japanese intellectuals, who reflected on broken democracy, the reality of the governed, and people`s struggle to build a nation-state. The Vietnam War was an important event which allowed South Korean and Japanese intellectuals` interests in Asian political con-ditions to converge. However, it is clear that the point of view of South Korean in-tellectuals toward Vietnamese and the Vietnam War differed from that of the Japanese. In Korea, it was hard to understand the significance of the Vietnamese resistance to America or the Vietcong`s struggle, while Japanese intellectuals imparted historical mean-ing to their movement. This paper analyzes the convergence and differences in the opin-ions of Korean and Japanese intellectuals, as represented by writers Choi In Hoon and Oda Makoto, and Vietnam correspondents Hino Keizo, Son Joo Hwan, and Shim Sang Joong.