건강 관련 위험 기저율 정보의 제시 방식에 따른 효과적인 메시지 전략 -사회적 거리 지각을 중심으로

김수정,김재휘 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2017 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.18 No.1

This research suggests that when the base rate of health risk is presented in health communication, if the population size is changed while maintaining the same absolute probability of base rate, risk susceptibility perception will change. And, this is due to the fact that the social distance perception of the subject who is at risk of emerging through the risk base rate changes. People who have encountered a base rate of health risk are naturally brought to mind n out of N people. At this time, the smaller the population size, the more concrete and vivid it will be. Thus, they will perceive the social distance of the subject at risk more closer, and as a result, perceive the high risk susceptibility. Furthermore, this research suggests that if a base rate of health risk and a positive or negative message framing to encourage preventive health behavior are presented, the social distance perception, which depends on the population size of the base rate of health risk, would have affected the type of message framing that could increase intention to preventive health behavior more effectively. This is because the type of message framing that is more effective in persuasion depends on the Construal-Level that changes due to the social distance perception. In Study 1, it is assumed that the social distance perception varies depending on the population size of the base rate of health risk, and thus the risk susceptibility perception changes. To verify this, the population size (larger size / smaller size) of the base rate of health risk was treated, and then the social distance perception and risk susceptibility perception for the subjects at risk were identified. As a result, the risk susceptibility perception was higher in the condition with the smaller population size than the large condition. It was also confirmed that this result was mediated by social distance perception. In Study 2, it is assumed that the intention to preventive health behavior will vary according to the type of message framing and the population size of the base rate of health risk. To verify this, the experiment was designed with 2(population size: larger size/smaller size) X 2(message framing: positive/negative), and intention to preventive health behavior was measured. As a result, in the case of a small population size, the intention to preventive health behavior was higher when the negative framing message was used. In conclusion, this study revealed a psychological mechanism in which audience responses vary according to population size of base rate of health risk, and through this, it is significant in that it provides a message strategy that can persuade people more effectively in health communication. 본 연구는 건강 커뮤니케이션 상황에서 빈도 형태의 위험 기저율 정보를 제시할 때 기저율의 절대적인 확률은 동일하게 유지한 채 인구 표본의 크기를 변화시킬 경우 사람들의 위험 취약성 지각이 달라질 것이며, 이는 위험 기저율을 통해 떠올린 위험에 처하는 대상에 대한 사회적 거리 지각이 달라지기 때문임을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는, 건강 관련 위험 기저율의 인구 표본 크기에 따라 사회적 거리 지각이 달라지며, 그로 인해 위험 취약성 지각이 달라질 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 위해, 위험 기저율의 인구 표본 크기(큰 인구 표본 조건/작은 인구 표본 조건)를 처치하고, 이후 위험에 처하는 대상에 대한 사회적 거리 지각과 위험 취약성 지각을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 인구 표본 크기가 큰 조건에 비하여 작은 조건에서 위험 취약성 지각이 더 높게 나타났다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 사회적 거리 지각이 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는, 건강 관련 위험 기저율 정보의 인구 표본 크기와 예방 행동을 촉구하기 위한 긍, 부정 메시지 프레이밍 유형에 따라 예방 행동 의도에 미치는 효과가 달라질 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 위해, 2(인구 표본 크기: 큰 인구 표본 조건/작은 인구 표본 조건) X 2(메시지 프레이밍: 긍정/부정)으로 실험을 설계하였으며, 예방 행동 의도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 인구 표본 크기가 작은 조건의 경우 부정 프레이밍 메시지일 때 예방 행동 의도가 더 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 빈도 형태의 위험 기저율 정보의 인구 표본 크기에 따라 수용자의 반응이 달라지는 심리적인 기제를 밝혔으며, 이를 통해 건강 커뮤니케이션 상황에서 더 효과적으로 사람들을 설득할 수 있는 메시지 전략을 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

건강 위험 인식 연구 : 보건학 연구를 위한 함의

유명순 한국보건행정학회 2009 보건행정학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Outbreaks of health risks such as the Influenza A virus (H1N1) are continuing, which highlights the immediacy of risk control strategies to reduce public’s fear and protect the safety of the society. Evidence suggests that success for risk management is basically dependent on the public’s willingness to adopt health behaviors recommended by experts, and the behavioral intention relies on their risk perception. Understanding of how individuals think of and feel about health risks is thereby important. This article aims to provide insights for future study on health-risk perception. The main streams and recent developments of theorizing and research on health risk perception are reviewed. The issues, such as (1) health risk perception is an important component for shaping relevant health policies as it reflects public trust of the institutions managing health risks, (2) despite this significance, however, few attempts have been made to address the meaning of 'perceiving health risks' in health services research, are shed light on. On the basis on the critical discussion of the contributions and the limitations of the literature, this article finishes with a few of research agendas by three levels of analysis in risk perception research.

20~30대 여성의 코로나-19 위험지각이 예방효능감과 뷰티헬스케어행동에 미치는 영향

임채원 ( Chae-won Lim ),김주연 ( Ju-youn Kim ) 한국미용학회 2021 한국미용학회지 Vol.27 No.6

This study examines the effects of COVID-19 risk perception in women in their 20s and 30s on preventive efficiency and beauty health care behaviors. For this study, a survey was conducted on women in their 20s and 30s in Seoul and Gyeonggi region. It was distributed online from March 28 to April 28, 2021. A total of 610 questionnaires were distributed, of which 602 questionnaires were used for final analysis, excluding 8 unfaithful responses. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 21.0 Program, and the results of the analysis are as follows. First, the level of COVID-19 risk perception, preventive efficiency, and beauty health care behavior among women in their 20s and 30s were found to be high in the order of preventive efficiency, COVID-19 risk perception and beauty health care behavior. Second, it was found that beauty health care behavior has a high correlation of positive(+) in the order of economic, physical, and social perception in relation to COVID-19 risk perception. Third, an analysis of the effects of COVID-19 risk perception on preventive efficiency showed that the higher the social and physical perception of COVID-19 risk perception, the lower the economic perception, the higher the preventive efficiency. Fourth, an analysis of the effect of COVID-19 risk perception on beauty healthcare behavior showed that the higher the economic perception of COVID-19 risk perception, the higher the beauty health care behavior. Therefore, this study raises awareness of COVID-19, promoting preventive action. at the same time, it aims to contribute to the development of the beauty health industry by providing basic data for establishing effective beauty healthcare behavior strategies for the beauty healthcare industry that changes in the environment of the COVID-19 era.

Comprehensive Examination of Heavy Metal Risk Perception

Youngkee Ju,Myoungsoon You 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2016 보건학논집 Vol.53 No.2

Objectives: Heavy metals represent a substantial health risk in societies of rapid industrialization, such as South Korea. We examined the level of South Korean heavy metal risk perception and factors influencing this level. Methods: A nationwide online survey of 800 individuals was conducted to measure the respondents’ affect, trust, health literacy, and risk perception. Results: The risk perception ranked third highest out of seven risks compared, with the highest being radiation leakage, followed by hazardous waste dumps. A negative affect and little trust in public institutions were associated with a higher risk perception. Moreover, health literacy and socio-economic status (SES) indirectly fostered risk perception by exerting powerful influence on affect and trust, which in turn impacted the risk perception. In addition, those with the lowest health literacy showed the highest perception of risk, signifying a distorted impression of a risk; increased health literacy tended to heighten risk perception for the rest group. Conclusion: Affect and trust are considered as heuristics that influence ordinary people’s risk perception. This study substantiated the role of those heuristics. Furthermore, we demonstrated that health literacy indirectly influences risk perception by directly influencing affect heuristic.

서울시민의 환경보건 위험인식과 정책 필요성에 영향을 미치는 요인

장미정,김정훈,이은주,김규상 사단법인 대한보건협회 2019 대한보건연구 Vol.45 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze risks perceived by Seoul citizens, opinions on environmental health risks, and the effects on risk perception and policy needs through a quantitative psychology method and to build a basic reference in establishing environmental health policies. Methods: Data were collected using an online questionnaire survey for 6 days in August 2017 from 2,000 adult men and women aged 19 or older, who had lived in Seoul for more than 1 year. The present study referenced a psychometric paradigm study for the risk perception tool, identified 20 perceived risks in the field of environmental health, and measured 6 risk characteristics. In addition, the present study added general perception and the needs of preventative policies, used factor analysis to reduce factors into two risk perception structures, and measured the size of their effects. Results: The average of Seoul citizens’ general perception about environmental health risks was calculated by age, gender, marital status and revealed that the risk they perceived as most hazardous was radioactive contamination. In regards to policy needs, the respondents said particulate matter needed policies most. There were statistically significant differences between the groups. 6 risk characteristics were categorized into two attributes—dread risk and controllable risk—and four different types. Higher dread risk and lower controllable risk had a larger effect on both risk perception and policy needs. Conclusions: A gender difference was observed in environmental health risks perceived by Seoul citizens, and general risk perception and policy needs varied depending on dread risk and controllable risk. When enforcing environmental health policies, it would be important to consider the above, identify priorities, and provide appropriate adjustments and interventions. 연구목적: 서울시민이 느끼는 위험인식과 환경보건위해에 대한 의견, 위험인식과 정책 필요성에 미치는 영향을 계량심리학적 방법에 따른 분석을 통해 환경보건정책 수립의 기초자료 구축을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 자료는 서울시에 1년 이상 거주한 만 19세 이상 성인 남녀 2,000명을 대상으로 2017년 8월 총 6일간의 온라인 설문조사로 수집되었다. 위험인식에 관한 도구는 심리측정패러다임 연구를 참고하여 환경보건분야로 한정한 20개의 위해요소를 도출하고 6개의 위험특성으로 측정하였다. 또한 일반적인 위험인식과 예방 정책 필요성을 추가하고 요인분석을 통해 위험인식 구조를 2개로 축소한 후 그에 미치는 영향 정도를 측정하였다. 연구결과: 20개 환경보건위해요인에 대한 일반적인 위험인식 순위를 성별, 연령별, 혼인상태별 평균값 순으로 나열한 결과 방사능의 위험인식이 가장 높았고 정책 필요성 순위는 미세먼지가 가장 높았으며 항목마다 집단별로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 서울시민의 환경보건위해요인에 대한 서울시민의 일반적인 위험인식을 평균값에 따라 도출한 결과 방사능, 산업폐수, 환경호르몬 순으로 위험하다고 인식하고 있었다. 정책의 필요성에 대한 응답으로는 미세먼지, 자동차 배기가스, 산업폐수 순으로 필요하다고 응답하였다. 6개의 위험특성은 위험에 대한 두려운 정도와 위험의 통제가능성 정도의 2개의 속성과 4개 유형으로 분류되었다. 위험에 대한 두려운 정도가 높을수록, 위험에 대한 통제가능성이 낮을수록 위험인식과 정책 필요성 모두에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 서울시민이 체감하는 환경보건위해는 성별, 연령별, 혼인상태별로 차이가 있었으며, 위험의 두려운 정도와 통제가능성 정도에 따라 일반적인 위험인식과 정책 필요성이 변화하였다. 환경보건정책 집행 시 이러한 점을 고려하여 우선순위를 파악한 적절한 조정과 중재가 필요할 것이다.

전북지역 대학생의 COVID-19에 대한 두려움, 우울, 위험인식, 건강신념과 예방적 건강행위의 연관성

김호림,권주한,박종일,정상근 대한불안의학회 2022 대한불안의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among the fear of COVID-19, de- pression, risk perception, health belief, and preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19 among univer- sity students in Jeonbuk region. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included The Korean Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Korean Version of the Patient Health Question- naire-9, and measurement tools adapted from previous studies for risk perception, health belief, and preventive health behaviors of subjects. We analyzed data using Pearson’s correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analy- sis, and path analysis using SPSS 22 and AMOS 21. Results : The fear of COVID-19 showed significant positive influence on health belief as well as risk percep- tion. Depression had a significant negative impact on preventive health behaviors and risk perception. Health belief showed a significant positive impact on preventive health behavior. Conclusion : Rresults revealed that the higher the level of depression was, the lower risk perception and performance of preventive health behavior were among university students in Jeonbuk region. As the level of the fear of COVID-19 became higher, the level of health belief and risk perception became higher. The higher the level of health belief was, the higher the performance level of preventive health were. Thus, it is prudent to increase the level of health belief, and lower the level of depression, in promoting preventive health behavior.

헬스 리터러시 측정을 위한 공공기관 건강정보의 활용 가능성 탐색

홍경진(Kyung Jin Hong),주영기(Young Kee Ju),전상일(Sang Il Jun),윤혜정(Hae Jung Yoon),유명순(Myoung Soon You) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2012 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Objectives: Improving public capability to obtain, understand, and use health information is important for decision-making and communication. This study attempts to measure adults’ literacy of the information provided by a public health institution. Factors affecting different health literacy level are also investigated. The relation between public risk perception and health literacy is examined as well. Methods: A total of 800 korean adults were surveyed. To provide the participants health literacy questions, health messages of heavy metals released by KFDA as well as literacy questions developed by NIKL were used. A total of eight questions were developed to measure health literacy. The dimensions of risk perception proposed by Brewer et al.(2008) were modified to measure risk perception. Results: The average percentage of correct answer for all literacy questions was only 65.57%. Individuals at the older age, and with lower education/ income level were more likely to be low literate. In addition, health literacy was strongly associated with risk perception. Conclusions: Public literacy of health information is influenced by socio demographic factors. This study suggested a possibility that low health literacy may affect unrealistically high risk perception. Further studies with sophisticated methodologies to measure health literacy need to be developed.

자가건강인지도에 따른 3년간의 의료이용도와 사망위험 비교

김상용,임정수,손석준,최진수,권순석,Kim, Sang-Yong,Im, Jeong-Soo,Sohn, Seok-Joon,Choi, Jin-Su,Kweon, Sun-Seog 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: This 3-year longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the influence of self-rating health perception on health care utilization and all cause-death risk. Methods: The hypothesis was tested using a community-based samples, among which subjects 3,414 were interviewed in 1995, Self-rating health perception was assessed by single-item question. Three components of health care utilization amount(number of visits, number of medications, yearly health care expenses) per year were measured using medical insurance data during 3-year follow-up period among subjects in district health care insurance. There were 123 deaths from all causes among 3,085 subjects interviewed. Results: The results showed that those who had poor health perception revealed more increases in the amount of health care utilization than good health perception group (p<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, the poor health perception group had higher death risk over 3 years than good health perception group(hazard ratio=1.88). but, after adjusting health care utility, supplementary, was not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-rating health perception was associated with difference in health care utilization and all cause-death risk. 1995년 1월과 7월에 전라남도 일부 농촌지역에 거주하는 20세 이상의 주민 3,085명을 대상으로 자가건강인지도를 측정하였다. 이후 3년간의 지역의료보험 지불자료에서 나타난 의료이용도 및 해당 지역 행정관청의 사망신고 자료를 이용하여 사망여부를 파악하여, 이들 변수들과 자가건강인지도와의 관련성을 조사해본 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 지역의료보험 대상자 1,090명에서 자가건강인지도에 대한 설문을 실시하기 이전인 1994년의 의료이용량에 비해 이후 3년간의 의료이용량이 자가건강인지도 불량군에서 더 많았으며, 수진일과 투약일은 더 크게 증가하였다. 2) 조사대상자 3,085명중 3년간의 사망자는 123명으로 연령과 성별을 보정한 생존분석 결과, 자가건강인지도 불량군이 양호군에 비해 더 높은 사망위험도를 나타냈다. 94년 지역의료보험에 가입되었던 1,376명중 사망자는 72명, 연령과 성별, 그리고 94년도 의료이용량을 보정 한 생존분석 결과 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 볼 때, 비교적 단기간의 비교를 통해서도 의료이용도와 사망은 자가건강인지도에 따라 차이가 발생함을 알 수 있다. 특히 기존에 같은 정도의 의료이용을 하는 사람 중에서도 자신을 건강하지 않게 생각하는 사람이 향후 의료이용량이 더 크게 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 자가건강인지도의 측정은 향후 개인 및 지역사회집단의 의료이용도와 사망 등 건강상의 문제를 예측하는데 유용한 도구로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

노인의 건강위험지각이 여가지속의도와 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

김정준 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2020 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.16 No.3

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of health risk perception on intention to continue leisure and quality of life of the elderly. Design, data, and methodology –Based on extensive literature review and recent issue, this study chose 2 main components of health risk perception: ‘fine dust’ and ‘covid-19’. A total of 472 samples were collected from leisure club participants over the age of 60. And 416 samples were analyzed using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis Results – First, among the health risk perception factors, fine dust factor showed a significant positive effect on intention to continue leisure. Second, both 2 factors of health risk perception showed significant effects on quality of life. Third, intention to continue leisure showed a positive effects on quality of life. Conclusions – This study established a theoretical model for health risk perception and verified the relationships between health risk perception and leisure-related intention and quality of life. Based on the results, also the practical implications for strengthening leisure motivation and promoting leisure for the elderly can be discussed later in the study.

Covid-19 상황에서 걷기 참여 노인의 운동자기효능감과 건강위험지각 및 운동지속의지와의 관계

이문숙 ( Moon-sook Lee ) 한국특수체육학회 2021 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.29 No.3

이 연구는 Covid-19 상황에서 걷기 참여 노인의 운동자기효능감과 건강위험지각 및 운동지속의지와의 관계를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 D광역시 일대의 공원과 등산로에서 걷기에 참여하는 65세 이상의 노인으로 걷기 경험이 3년 이상, 주 2회 이상으로 하였다. 148명의 연구대상자를 선정하고 설문지를 작성 및 수집하였고 137부의 설문지를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 측정도구는 운동자기효능감, 건강위험지각, 운동지속의지로 수집된 자료는 분석 목적에 따라 분리하여 입력하였으며, SPSS WIN VER 24.0과 Amos 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석(correlation analysis)과 확인적 요인분석 및 구조방정식모델(structural equation model)을 적용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 걷기 참여 노인의 운동자기효능감은 운동지속의지에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 걷기 참여 노인의 운동자기효능감은 건강위험지각에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 걷기 참여 노인의 건강위험지각은 운동지속의지에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 걷기 참여 노인의 건강위험지각은 운동자기효능감과 운동지속의지 사이에서 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 종합하면, 걷기 참여 노인의 운동자기효능감은 건강위험지각과 운동지속의지에 직접적인 영향을 미치며, 건강위험지각을 통해 간접적인 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exercise self-efficacy, health risk perception and intention to continue the elderly’s participation in walking during covid-19. To achieve the goal of this study, The questionnaires were distributed to 148 walking partipants aged over 65 years in D-city and 137( over 3 years, 2 times a week) of them were analyzed. The measurement tools used were exercise self-efficacy scale, health risk perception scale and intention to continue exercise scale. SPSS WIN VER 24.0 and Amos 26.0 program were used to analyze the data with reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model. Followings are the results of this study. First, it was found that the exercise self-efficacy of the elders’s participation in walking had a significant effect on the intention to continue exercise. Second, it was found that the exercise self-efficacy of the elders’s participation in walking had a significant effect on the health risk perception. Third, it was found that the health risk perception of the elders’s participation in walking had a significant effect on the intention to continue exercise. Fourth, it was found that the health risk perception of the elders’s participation in walking had a partial mediation effect between exercise self-efficacy and intention to continue exercise. In conclusion, it was found that the exercise self-efficacy of the elders’s participation in walking had a significantly influence on health risk perception and intention to continue exercise directly. In addition, it was found that the exercise self-efficacy of the elders’s participation in walking had a indirect influence on the intention to continue exercise mediated by health risk perception.