손의 기능 해부에 대한 연구

박영한,이효정,Park, Young-Han,Lee, Hyo-Jeong 대한물리치료과학회 2006 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study about functional anatomy of the hand. hand injuries are among the most common problems confronting patient, physical therapist and physicians. physical therapist should know about normal hand function and anatomical structure for hand injury, clinical reasoning and intervention. physical therapist should know about the Skeletal of the hand, Function of The Hand, Nerves of the hand, Sensation of the Hand, Intrinsic muscle, Power and Balance and Functional Position of the Hand. In this article, we discuss the physiologic properties of hand structure, biomechanical observation in hand function, sensation and nerves, hand positioning.

A Vision-Based Method to Find Fingertips in a Closed Hand

Chaudhary, Ankit,Vatwani, Kapil,Agrawal, Tushar,Raheja, J.L. Korea Information Processing Society 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.3

Hand gesture recognition is an important area of research in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The geometric attributes of the hand play an important role in hand shape reconstruction and gesture recognition. That said, fingertips are one of the important attributes for the detection of hand gestures and can provide valuable information from hand images. Many methods are available in scientific literature for fingertips detection with an open hand but very poor results are available for fingertips detection when the hand is closed. This paper presents a new method for the detection of fingertips in a closed hand using the corner detection method and an advanced edge detection algorithm. It is important to note that the skin color segmentation methodology did not work for fingertips detection in a closed hand. Thus the proposed method applied Gabor filter techniques for the detection of edges and then applied the corner detection algorithm for the detection of fingertips through the edges. To check the accuracy of the method, this method was tested on a vast number of images taken with a webcam. The method resulted in a higher accuracy rate of detections from the images. The method was further implemented on video for testing its validity on real time image capturing. These closed hand fingertips detection would help in controlling an electro-mechanical robotic hand via hand gesture in a natural way.

Comparative Study of Electromyography and Hand Elevation Test in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Yun, Tae Kyoung,Kim, Deok-Yeol,Ahn, Duck Sun The Korean Society for Microsurgery 2015 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: Since the hand elevation test was first introduced by Ahn in 2001, it has been one of most performing provocative test for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. Although many studies have been published on the hand elevation test, there are no study that can explain why false-negative results of hand elevation test appears in carpal tunnel syndrome patients diagnosed by electromyography (EMG) findings. Therefore we searched out whether hand elevation test is related with EMG severity. Materials and Methods: We made a retrospective study of 654 bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Among them 134 were studied which had different hand elevation test results on each hands. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the EMG severity of each group. The relationships between hand elevation test and EMG severity were examined using Pearson-product correlations. Comparing whether the frequency of false negative hand elevation were different between both hands, and whether the severity of EMG depends on which side of hand is, was evaluated with Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Severity of EMG in positive group was moderate to severe on average, whereas mild to moderate on negative group, with significant difference statistically (p<0.001). Correlation between the hand elevation test results and EMG severity also showed significance statistically (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mild severity of EMG was found out to be the factor affecting the false results. However, EMG severity and hand elevation test shows a meaningful correlation, supporting the value of hand elevation test.

대학 구내 휴게음식점 종사자의 손 위생관리에 관한 연구

김중순,김종규,박정영 한국식품위생안전성학회 2010 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was performed to investigate awareness of hand washing, hand washing behavior, and the levels of indicator microorganisms on hands of food handlers who work in the food court and cafeteria of a university campus. The three methods used were questionnaire survey by interview, direct observation in restrooms, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea. A positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported by the responded food handlers; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food handlers were recognized by the unnoticed direct observation. Significant differences were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observation (p < 0.05) in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agent, washing different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from their hands before work showed higher level of standard plate count, total and fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli than those taken after washing with water. After washing hands with antiseptic liquid soap, the bacterial populations including Staphylococcus aureus on hands were dramatically reduced. This study indicates that there is a remarkable difference between the food handlers' awareness of hand washing and their hand washing behavior. Poor hand washing compliance and hand hygiene were indicated by the positive results of total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on hands of some food handlers. The findings of this study suggest that the hand hygiene of the food handlers need to be improved. More training/education on hand washing and hand hygiene of the food handlers should be necessary.

손 근접성이 단서양상에 따라 과제전환 수행에 미치는 효과

최정윤,한광희 한국감성과학회 2018 감성과학 Vol.21 No.2

The present study examined how processing features of visual information near the hand would affect task switching. Recent studies reported enhanced cognitive control of visual information presented the near hands. To investigate the enhancement of cognitive control based on the relationship between hand proximity and attention, we implemented 2 experiments. In the task switching performance experiment, the hand proximity effect depended on modality of cue and target. The first experiment showed that stimuli near the hand received greater cognitive control than stimuli far from the hand, resulting in smaller switch cost. The result could rule out the feature-binding problem, which identifies reduced switch cost as the cause instead of hand proximity. Our results show that hand proximity actually reduced switch cost. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of hand nearness, modality, and their interaction on switch cost. In task switching, the target was always visual, and the cue was presented either visually or auditorily. In addition, we manipulated the cue-target interval to observe the preparation effect of cue. The results showed that a visual cue near the hand reduced switch cost by shortening task preparation time. Also, modality switching between an auditory cue and visual target was remarkable in a hand-near condition. The results for the visual cue could be interpreted as a benefit of rapid visual attention orienting. On the other hand, the results for the auditory cue could be interpreted as the cost of interference of modality switching by slower attentional disengagement of stimuli near the hands. Finally, modulation of switch cost by attention induced by hand nearness was discussed. 본 연구는 손과 가까운 시각 정보의 처리 특성이 과제환에 미치는 향을 살펴보기 해 수행되었다. 최근 연구들은 손과 가깝게 제시된 정보에 한 인지통제가 향상됨을 보고하고 있다. 이러한 인지통제 향상효과를 손 근성 과 주의의 계를 통해 규명하고자 두 번의 실험을 실시하다. 그 결과 과제환 수행에서 단서와 목표자극의 감각양상 에 따라 손 근성의 효과가 달라짐을 찰할 수 있었다. 첫 번째 실험에서 손에 근한 자극에 한 환비용의 감소가 찰되었다. 선행 연구들에서 환비용의 감소원인으로 지목되었던 특징결합 문제를 제외시켰을 경우에도 동일한 결과가 찰되었다. 즉, 손 근성이 환비용을 감소시켰음을 검증할 수 있었다. 두 번째 실험에서는 손 근성 과 감각양상의 상호작용이 환비용에 미치는 향을 살펴보기 해 수행되었다. 과제환에서 목표자극은 시각으로 단서는 시각 는 청각으로 제시하고, 단서의 비성 효과를 찰하기 해 단서-목표자극 간격을 조변하다. 연구 결과 손에 근한 시각 단서는 과제 비 시간을 단축시켜 환비용을 감소시켰으나, 청각 단서의 경우 손에 근할 때 오히려 과제 비 시간이 더 오래 걸렸다. 시각 단서의 결과는 손에 근한 시각 정보에 한 신속한 주의정향으로 인한 이득으로 설명될 수 있다. 반면에 청각 단서에서 나타난 손실은 청각 단서와 시각 자극 간의 감각 간 환이 손 근성의 주의 범 고정 효과로 인해 방해된 결과로 해석될 수 있다. 마지막으로 손 근성의 주의효과로 인해 달라지는 환비용에 해 논의하다.

The Effects of Loosely Coupled Hand-Off Operations on Bucket Brigade Order Picking Systems

Soondo Hong,Youngjoo Kim 대한산업공학회 2018 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.17 No.4

Hand-off delays in bucket brigade order picking systems occur when downstream pickers have to wait to receive totes from upstream pickers. This paper introduces a method, termed a loosely coupled hand-off, to reduce waiting delays, and it conducts analytical and simulation studies to identify insights. The loosely coupled hand-off method, which is popular in industry, is preferred by pickers to reduce the expected hand-off delays of downstream pickers. We express the looseness of the hand-off synchronization, i.e., the threshold of the early release, as real number τ ≥ 0. To overcome the throughput reduction, we generalize the looseness from the perspective of a picker’s decision making and throughput improvement and extend the looseness parameter into a practical hand-off framework with measurements including the relative looseness of the hand-off (δ), the increment of work-in-process (WIP) (ω), and the work range of the loosely coupled hand-off (ψ) allowed. We find that the adjusted loosely coupled hand-off framework to balance the hand-off delay reduction and the throughput gains reduces hand-off delay by 30~88% and improves throughput by 2.7~6.4%. In general, to attain the overall system’s throughput improvement, the gains in the hand-off delay require the WIP level and the range adjustments.

핸드 드라이어의 위생

장제윤 ( Jeyoun Jang ),이종태 ( Jong Tae Lee ) 국군의무사령부 2018 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.49 No.1

Objectives; Paper towels, warm air hand dryers, jet air dryers and cloth towels are the most frequently used means of hand drying in public washrooms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hygiene of hand dryers in the public washroom and to investigate the changes of total microorganism when using a paper towel or a hand dryer in the process of washing and desiccation the hands and the change of airborne bacteria in the toilet air by using a hand dryer in a general situation. Methods; The three hand dryers in washroom of Armed Forces Medical Research institute were used to assess the bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination of the warm air hand dryer was evaluated by exposing air flows to petri dishes containing nutrient agar medium in a washroom. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed using conventional methods. Seven volunteers participated in the experiment to observe changes in bacterial colonies according to the drying method. The hands washed in a standardized manner. After hand drying, hand were pressed onto agar media and transfer of residual bacteria. There was significant difference between the after CPU between paper towel, air dryer. Results & Conclusions; Bacteria were found to be relatively numerous in the air flows. Bacterially contaminated air was found to be emitted whenever a warm air dryer was running, even when not being used for hand drying. Hot air from hand dryers can deposit pathogenic bacteria onto the hands and body of users. The risk of this bacteria to the general public not entirely clear, but they can be a risk factor for patients such as immunodeficiency. It is recommended therefore that the use of hand-dryers should be carefully considered on health grounds, especially in sensitive locations such as hospitals, catering establishments and food preparation areas. Guidelines for hygienic management of hand dryers should be provided for safe and hygienic hand dryer use.

적외선 영상을 이용한 실시간 손동작 인식 장치 개발

지성철(Seong Cheol Ji),강선우(Sun Woo Kang),김준식(Joon Seek Kim),주효남(Hyonam Joo) 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.12

A camera-based real-time hand posture and gesture recognition system is proposed for controlling various devices inside automobiles. It uses an imaging system composed of a camera with a proper filter and an infrared lighting device to acquire images of hand-motion sequences. Several steps of pre-processing algorithms are applied, followed by a background normalization process before segmenting the hand from the background. The hand posture is determined by first separating the fingers from the main body of the hand and then by finding the relative position of the fingers from the center of the hand. The beginning and ending of the hand motion from the sequence of the acquired images are detected using pre-defined motion rules to start the hand gesture recognition. A set of carefully designed features is computed and extracted from the raw sequence and is fed into a decision tree-like decision rule for determining the hand gesture. Many experiments are performed to verify the system. In this paper, we show the performance results from tests on the 550 sequences of hand motion images collected from five different individuals to cover the variations among many users of the system in a real-time environment. Among them, 539 sequences are correctly recognized, showing a recognition rate of 98%.

손 기능 훈련이 손의 기민성에 미치는 영향

장철 ( Chel Jang ),이제영 ( Je Young Lee ),송민옥 ( Min Ok Song ) 대한통합의학회 2015 대한통합의학회지 Vol.3 No.4

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide the material about the treatment effect of hand function training and writing training being performed as a part of treatment to improve the function of the non-dominant hand of the patients whose dominant hand is damaged and thus need to improve their non-dominant hand``s function. Method : During one month of November, 2013, this study randomly chose five study subjects for hand function training, five for writing training, and ten of control group from 20 normal male and female adults going to K Univ. in Busan. All study subjects fully understood all of the training course, agreed to take the test in this study, and volunteered to participate in the test. Each training was performed five times for two weeks, 30 minutes each time. For measurement, Purdue pegboard was used to look into the change of hand dexterity. To investigate an improvement in hand function through hand function training and writing training, this study conducted early evaluation before training, interim evaluation, and final evaluation. Result : First, according to the comparison of dominant hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dominant hand dexterity more than the control group. Secondly, according to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by group during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dexterity more than the control group. According to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by method during a training period, there was no big difference in dexterity between the groups of hand function training and of writing training and the control group. But, the group of hand function training showed a further improvement. Thirdly, according to the comparison of both-hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand dexterity more than the control group. Fourthly, according to the comparison of both-hand handling ability by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand handling ability more than the control group. Conclusion : Given the study result, it is considered that hand function training and writing training help brain damaged patients improve their hand function for their daily activity. And it will be meaningful to research brain damaged patients`` motor skills after their brain damage, and the patients who have low abilities of visual perception and cognition. In the future, it will be necessary to secure more study subjects and perform systematic training during a sufficient test period.

배양검사를 통해 확인한 중환자실 직원의 손씻기 효과

정재심,최정화,이순행,김양수 대한기초간호자연과학회 2003 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.5 No.2

The effect of hand hygiene was measured by hand culture before and after hand hygiene for 86 nurses, doctors, and nurses aide/housekeepers in Surgical Intensive Care Unit. The subjects were asked to press their dominant hand in hand-shaped Mannitol salt agar immediately after patient contact and then washed their hand by preferred hand hygiene agents [soap and water, waterless alcohol gel, or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate detergent(CHG)], and cultured one hand again. Amount of isolated microorganism was calculated by counting the number of divided areas(1 x 1cm) which is culture positive in hand culture plate. The amount of microorganisms were significantly reduced from 58.1(±38.59) to 27.4(±30.4) cells after hand hygiene. The staff nurse's hand hygiene was more effective compared to medical doctors and nurses aide/housekeepers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was isolated in 41(47.1%) subjects ; but only removed 100% in 28(32.2%) subjects. When the amount of hand microorganisms was compared by subject's preferred hand hygiene agents, it was decreased in order of 4% CHG, waterless alcohol solution, soap and water, and water. The hand hygiene practice was inadequate to reduce hand microorganisms and significantly different by occupations. Further research and development of hand hygiene improvement program which emphasize the quality of hand hygiene is recommended.