古代王權의 전개와 전환

김영하(Kim, Young-ha) 한국고대사학회 2016 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.0 No.83

본고는 신라 왕권의 전개와 전환에 관해 상고, 중고, 그리고 중대의 세 시기로 나누어 검토한 것이다. 기원후 2세기 초에 성립한 신라에서 상고 왕권은 시조묘에 대한 제사로 초월적 권위를 확보하는 한편, 공물 출납에 관한 권한을 장악함으로써 현실적 능력을 과시했을 것이다. 그러나 왕족, 전왕족, 왕비족을 비롯한 귀족들로 구성된 귀족회의는 왕위 계승 및 전쟁 수행과 같은 주요 국사의 결정에서 자신들의 의사를 관철했다. 여기에는 세습을 통해 사회적 신분을 유지하고, 전리품을 통해 경제적 기반을 확보하려는 그들의 이해관계와 관련이 있었기 때문이다. 이와 같은 상고의 귀족평의체제 하에서 왕권은 복속지역에 대해서도 순수와 같은 통치행위만을 실시할 수밖에 없었다. 중고 왕권의 특징은 대왕 칭호의 사용이었는데, 신라의 대왕 칭호는 고구려로부터 유래한 것이었다. 중고 왕권은 법흥왕 때에 율령을 반포하고 불교를 공인함으로써 귀족세력을 초월하는 대왕으로 격상될 수 있었다. 이러한 대왕전제체제 하에서 종래 주요 국사를 총괄하던 귀족회의의 권한은 축소될 수밖에 없었다. 중고 왕권은 고대국가에서 가장 기본적인 국정, 군정, 재정에 관한 권한을 분산시킨 이래 국사를 분장할 행정관부의 분업화와 조직화를 이루었다. 또한 지방에는 전략 거점을 중심으로 주와 군을 설치하여 왕권을 침투시키기 시작했다. 7세기 동아시아의 국제전의 와중에서 성립한 중대의 특징은 명실상부한 중앙집권적 통치체제의 수립에 있었다. 중앙집권화의 필요조건은 왕권 강화이고, 충분조건은 관료제와 군현제이다. 중대 왕권은 불교는 물론, 당으로부터 수용한 유학을 중앙집권체제의 유지를 위한 지배이념으로 삼았다. 골품귀족의 관료화를 통해 귀족세력을 약화시키는 한편, 왕경의 평인과 지방의 백성을 공민화하여 조용조를 부담시킴으로써 왕조국가의 토대로 삼았다. 이러한 일련의 조치는 전면적으로 실시된 군현제와 더불어 한국사에서 중앙집권적 중세사회의 선구였던 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to examine development and conversion of Silla’s royal authority according to periodization of the Sanggo period, the Junggo period, and the Jungdae period. Silla was founded in the early 2nd century. The royal authority of the Sanggo period seized the transcendental power by a memorial service to (the grave of) the progenitor, and demonstrated practical ability by control over receipt and distribution of tribute. However the council of aristocracy consisting of nobles along with the lineages of the kings, the former kings, and the queens gained their point in major national affairs including succession to the throne and conduct of war. The issues were related to their interest in maintaining social status by hereditary succession and building a financial foundation with the spoils of war. Therefore, the royal authority was able to only conduct political acts such as border inspection tours in subjugated area under the council of aristocracy system. A feature of the royal authority in the Junggo period is to use the title of the Great King, which originated from Goguryo. King Beopheung strengthened the royal authority to the Great King beyond aristocracy by law announcement and approval of Buddhism. Thus, the power of the aristocratic council handling state matters weakened under autocracy of the Great King. During the Junggo period, the royal authority specialized and systematized administration, separating the basic powers of government administration, military administration, and financial affairs. Provinces and prefectures were also established in strategic points of the country so that the royal authority could penetrated. The Jungdae period began during the 7th century international war in East Asia, and it featured establishment of centralized ruling system. A necessary condition of centralization is consolidation of the royal authority and sufficient conditions are bureaucracy and the system of prefectures and counties. The royal authority of the Jungdae period accepted not only Buddhism, but also Confucianism from the Tang dynasty as the ruling ideology to maintain centralism. Bureaucratization of the nobles from the bone-rank system weakened the aristocratic power. The royal authority also citizenized commoners of the capital and subjects of the country to collect taxes in kind or service from them for the foundation of the dynasty. Along with the system of prefectures and counties executed overall, the series of measures were leading factors into the centralized medieval times in Korean history.

학술논문의 저자키워드 출현순서에 따른 저자키워드 중요도 측정을 위한 네트워크 분석방법의 적용에 관한 연구

권선영 한국정보관리학회 2014 정보관리학회지 Vol.31 No.2

This study aims to investigate the importance of author keyword with analysis the position of author keyword in journal . In the first stage, an analysis was carried out on the position of author keyword. We examined the importance of author keyword by using degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and effective size of structural hole. In the next stage, We performed analysis on correlation between network centrality measures and the position of author keyword. The result of correlation analysis on network centrality measures and the position of author keyword shows that there are the more significant areas of the result of the correlation analysis on degree centrality, betweenness centrality and the position of keyword. In addition, These results show that we need to consider that the possible way as measuring the importance of author keyword in journal is not only a term frequency but also degree centrality and betweenness centrality. 본 연구는 학술논문의 저자키워드 출현순서에 따른 저자키워드의 중요도를 측정해보고자 하는 연구이다. 먼저 출현순서에 따른 저자키워드의 특징을 분석한 후 네트워크 분석 방법의 연결정도중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성, 위세중심성, 그리고 네트워크의 구조적공백성의 효과크기와 같은 지수를 사용하여 학술논문의 저자키워드 출현순서에 따른 저자키워드의 중요도를 측정해보았으며 각각의 네트워크 지수와 저자키워드의 출현순서와의 상관관계분석을 수행하였다. 네트워크 분석 지수 중 연결정도중심성 지수, 매개중심성 지수의 경우 각 학문분야별 저자키워드의 출현순서와의 상관관계의 결과에서의 유의한 분야의 수가 비교적 다른 지수에 비해 많았다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 저자키워드의 중요도를 단지 출현빈도만으로 판단했던 것에서 벗어나 저자키워드의 중요도 측정을 위한 방법으로 연결정도중심성 지수, 매개중심성 지수도 고려해 볼 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

문학관 정보 디자인 개선을 위한 탐색적 연구 -사회 네트워크 분석을 중심으로-

이유진 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.5

(Background and Purpose) Domestic literature museums are places of local branding, where narrative elements of literature are built into the space. They are intended to support the social and cultural activities of locals and tourists. The total number of literature museums, including public and private literature museums, is 126, and this number is expected to increase in each local government. This study found that there was no system to integrate information about authors exhibited in literature museums, then conducted a social network analysis of the relationship between literature museums and author exhibition information to systematize it. This study aims to derive directions for improving the information design of literature museums. (Method) The research method collected information on 126 literature museums and exhibited authors from the text recorded in web hyperlinks, then refined it into relationship data of literature museums and exhibited authors. The refined data includes the type of establishment, purpose, and region of the literature museum according to the opening period, the name of the exhibited author, and the author's gender. From this, degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and the closeness centrality between the literature museum and the exhibited author information were examined. Also, it conducted by an unweighted, undirected analysis method. (Results) The literature museums with the highest degree centrality appeared in the order of the Korea Modern Literature Museum, the Daegu Literature Museum, and the Kim Yoojeong Literary Village. However, in the betweenness centrality analysis, the reversed order was the Korean Modern Literature Museum, Kim Yoo-jung Literature Village, and Daegu Literature Museum. On the other hand, the closeness centrality of Park Kyung-ri Literature Park, Park Kyung-ri Literature Museum, Land Cultural Centre, and Pyeongsari Literature Museum was low at 0.152. The order of high centrality of displayed author information was Lee Yuk-sa, Park Kyung-ri, and Kim Dong-ri. Among them, Kim Dong-ri had the highest betweenness centrality of 2790.879, indicating that his exhibition information was mediated by other literature museums. In summary, it can be seen that public literature museums outnumbered private literature museums in Korea, and literature museums were concentrated in different regions until the early 2010s. In addition, Gyeongsangbuk-do had the most literature museums, and author information was concentrated on male writers who were active as poets in literary history from the 1920s to the 1950s. (Conclusions) The direction of improving the information design to build an integrated platform linking the information of authors in domestic literature museums should start with narrowing the gap in exhibition information between public and private literature museums. To this end, the information of literature museums should be unified into a unified platform information form and built with a single URL.

작가와 수용자 사이의 소통으로서 현대건축의 방향성 모색 : 작가중심·수용자중심·텍스트중심이론의 비교 고찰을 통하여 By the comparative study of Author-central Theory, Receiver-central Theory and Text-central Theory

오근영,이동언 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

The architecture interpenetrated by human being is based on everydayness, life and tradition which have been possessed by the consciousness of human from the past to the present diachronically. However, author-central and receiver-central works with ignoring that foundation cannot make the communication between the author and receiver because the former excludes the receiver and the latter does the intention of author. To transform the impossibility of communication to the possibility, contemporary architecture needs the preunderstanding text the communication field of author and receiver. Therefore I would find the direction of the contemporary architecture by making the communication of author and receiver thorough the 'text' that includes the preunderstanding which maintains the tension between the past and the present.

제주특별자치도의 성과와 전망

강창민,양덕순 한국지방행정학회 2014 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.11 No.1

The present study reviews and compares the prospect planned and currentstatus of Jeju special self-governing province and aims to find alternatives tohelp realize a successful outlook of the city, focusing on the issues observed inthe process of implementation. In this study, the system of Jeju specialself-governing province were divided into self-governing organization,autonomous human resources affairs, administrative system, self-governingeducational system, audit Committee, self-governing law enforcement system,re-enforcement of provincial assembly function and task transfer of especialadministrative agencies for the assessment of the ability to execute institution. The results of the assessment for the purpose of achieving its vision are asfollows by sector. The province turned out to be insufficient in the performanceof executing planned special cases such as the application of planned specialcases, the reflection of affairs entrusted and differentiation from otherautonomous governments. Jeju special self-governing province also turned outto somewhat lack in the timeliness of institutional improvement for the transferof planned central authorities and regulations. As for financial exceptions, 8 outof 9 exceptions were applied by special laws. However, the exception of thetransfer of national tax to local tax was not applied and the Jeju governmentexpressed an opinion of the shortage of support from the central government. Itturned out that the following sectors needed improving to achieve the vision ofJeju local government effectively. First, the special self-governing provinceshould make more specialized organizations; reinforce the utilization of specialcases of personnel; improve administrative institutors; elevate the independenceof audit committee; enhance the status of autonomous police; pave ground forthe independence of authority over personnel affairs and secure the transfer of special local administrative agencies and the improvement of operation. Second,regarding the transfer of centralized authority, it is necessary to secure thevalidity of authority transfer, make effort to localize authority transferred andrationalize the operation of authority. Third, special financial special cases, it isrequired to make a reasonable support for the cost necessary for authoritytransfer, operate 3% of general subsidies flexibly and maintain a certain level ofJeju accounts of comprehensive accounting.

네트워크 분석을 통한 저자키워드 출현순서에 대한 의미 분석

권선영 한국융합학회 2018 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.9 No.9

본 연구는 학술논문의 출현순서에 따른 저자키워드의 중요도를 측정해보고자 하는 연구이다. 이를 위해 학술논문 저자키워드의 출현순서를 측정한 후 네트워크 분석 방법의 연결정도중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성, 위세중심성 지수를 사 용하여 저자키워드의 중요도를 측정해보았으며 다음으로 각각의 네트워크지수 값과 저자키워드의 출현순서와의 상관관계 분석을 수행하여 출현순서의 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과 연결정도중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성, 위세중심성 모 두 4번 째 출현순서가 높은 군집의 논문수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 상관관계 분석결과 근접중심성을 제외한 연결 정도중심성, 매개중심성, 위세중심성의 경우 출현순서의 뒷부분으로 갈수록 지수 값이 모두 높아지는 것을 볼 때 네트워크 상에서 상대적으로 중요한 용어가 뒷부분에 위치한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 대략적으로 연구자들의 저자키워드 부 여 행태를 살펴볼 수 있었다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 향후 저자키워드의 전개양상을 심층적으로 살펴 보기 위해서는 상황 적 요인, 행동, 심리 등을 파악하여 보완하는 후속 연구가 반드시 필요하다. This study aims to investigate an importance of Author keyword with analysis the position of author keyword. An analysis was carried out on the position of author keyword. we examined an importance of Author keyword by using degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality. In the next stage, we performed analysis on correlation between network centrality measures and the position of keyword. As a result, degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality both has a high value in 4th author keyword order. eigenvector centrality was the comparatively effective method to separate of author keyword order method than other 3 centrality. Correlation analysis result shows that the network analysis value are increasing in order. This study has significance in that it was able to examine the author keyword behavior. Future research is needed to identify and supplement future situational factors, behavior, and psychology.

三國時代 中央集權的 王權의 登場에 따른 支配理念의 採擇

金炳坤(Kim Byong-Gon) 한국사연구회 2002 한국사연구 Vol.117 No.-

In the dissertation. I could explain about Buddhism which enhanced the King power accumulation during the Shilla kingdom in contrast with Koguryu(高句麗) and Pyekche(百濟) cases. Koguryu had used the worship of God of Heaven(天神信仰) show the meaning of the son of heaven(天帝之子ㆍ皇天之子) from some inscription on stone monument as a tool of royal authority. On the while, Pyekche had tried to change the traditional beliefs that sacrifice for the heaven and the mother earth(祭天祀地) into more sophisticated foreign religions such as Buddhism(佛敎) and Confucianism(儒敎) to create King-orientated national building enterprise with transfer the capital at two times. The Kings of Shilla had targeted Buddhism as a national religion. Also. Shill a had filled insufficient aspects of Buddhism into Confucianism (儒敎). Therefore, Kim's clan of Shilla had achieved their royal power through Buddhism-oriented system during Mid-ancient time. For example. King Chin-heung(眞興). King Chin-pyong(眞平). and Empress Chun-deukr (善德) had cemented and enlarged Buddhism through all aspect and in the way of life to enhance their royal leadership. Finally. I insist that. in the ancient state building time. the will of power elites and Kings. and time. space of each nation respectively. should determine and effect the unique patterns of each national building course. And in the case of Shilla. above all. the will and the many different sophisticate policies to catch Buddhist thought in order to build the royal authority was much more important factor than any other external factors such as religion itself and its mechanical sophisticating system.

중국 반부패기구의 독립성 확보를 위한 기율검사위원회의 감찰권 개혁에 관한 연구: 지방 현급(縣級) 기율검사위원회의 개혁절차를 중심으로

이정표 ( Jeong-pyo Lee ) 현대중국학회 2016 現代中國硏究 Vol.18 No.1

중국은 당과 정부가 이원체제로 구성된다는 특징 때문에 반부패기관도당과 정부에 각각 다원적으로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 여전히 반부패기구의 최상위 계층은 중앙기율위원회와 감찰부이다. 다양하게 설치된 반부패기구 중에서 중앙기율위원회와 당위원회의 체계에 문제가 존재한다. 중앙기율위와 지방기율위 모두 동급 당위와 상급 기율위의 지도를 받는 이중지도체제가 상당한 기간 동안 실행되었고 이로 인하여 기율위원회는 독립성을 보전할 수 없었기 때문에 그 감찰권행사도 상당한 제약을 받았다. 결국 중앙기율위와 지방기율위 감찰권 개혁과정을 살펴보면 기율위가 당위의 통제나 관할로부터 어느 정도의 독립성을 가지고 권한을 행사하느냐하는 점이 핵심 사항이라고 할 수 있었다. 지방기율위의 감찰권 개혁과정을 전체적으로 평가하면 위와 같은 본질적인 문제점이 현존함에도 불구하고 지방에서부터 개혁 작업이 시작되었고, 기율위의 감찰권이 당위의 통제로부터 독립되는 과정이 매우 완만하게 진행되고 있다는 점을 알수 있었다. 현재 시진핑 정부의 반부패정책기조와 맞물려 기율위의 감찰권 개혁작업이 매우 광범위하게 진행된다는점도 주목해 보아야 할 것이다. The Local governments in complex and various state agencies of China are not only the basic unit to be the central government, but also administrative unit to contract for the public. A bureaucratic corruption has been happened very often in the local governments as China’s economy grew rapidly, called urban expansion. Consisted of a 2-tier ruling system, anti-corruption agencies are made up of the central committee and the local governments as well. However, the top-level authorities of anti-corruption agencies are still the central commission for discipline inspection and inspection department. There are systematic problems in the central commission for discipline inspection and the party committee of many anti-corruption authorities. The Central and local commission for discipline inspection have been managed under a 2-tier ruling system by the upper commission for discipline inspection for a long time. For these reasons, the commission for discipline inspection would not secure independence, and then exercise powers of inspection. Finally, the main issue on the reform process of the Central and local commission for discipline inspection is how much both authorities can have their own independence and exercise powers of inspection beyond control of the central communist party. Assessing the reform process of the local commission for discipline as a whole, the characteristics of its process begin from the bottom, the local region, and gaining independence of commission for discipline inspection from the central communist party keeps going gently. In particular, we need to pay attention to active reforms implemented by anti-corruption policy of Xi-Jinping.

사회네트워크분석을 이용한 인천경제자유구역(IFEZ) 입주대학의 중심구조 변화 분석

송민근(Min geun Song),이진규(Jin kyu Lee),전준우(Jun woo Jeon),여기태(Gi tae Yeo) 한국국제상학회 2015 國際商學 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 사회네트워크분석(SNA)을 활용하여 경제자유구역(IFEZ)에 입주한 대학의 중심구조 변화추이를 분석하고 그 결과를 통해 현재 추진 중인 정책 사업이 사회적으로 미치고 있는 영향을 파악하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 분석 대상은 세계대학순위 200위권 상당의 대학을 대상으로 하였으며 미국, 영국, 중국의 10위권 상당의 대학과 국내대학과의 교류네트워크 연결 중심성을 통해 네트워크 구조를 분석했다. 2008년 연세대학교의 연결 중심성은 1.000으로 나타났으나 2013년에는 10.000으로 나타나 해외 우수대학들과의 직접적 교류가 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 살펴본 연도별 변화 추이와 사회네트워크 분석의 관점에서 현재 경제자유구역청이 추진하고 있는 인천글로벌대학 프로젝트는 한국의 글로벌 교육환경조성에 기여하고 있는 것으로 해석된다. Purpose : This paper aims to analyze the Network Centrality of the universities attracted in Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) in the network with world's top-ranked universities. Research design, data, methodology : We apply the Social Network Analysis(SNA) Methodology using the degree centrality. Subject of the analysis was the network among the world's top-ranked universities. Among the foreign universities, the top 10 universities in the United States, the top 7 universities in China, and the top 10 universities in the UK were included. Results : As for the result of the degree Centrality of Yonsei University which attracted IFEZ, the degree centrality as of 2008 is shown in 1.00, but the degree Centrality as of 2013 increased to 10.00, it was found that the international relationship with foreign universities had been increased gradually. Conclusion : We could examine and confirm that there has been some meaningful changes in the network between foreign and domestic universities. The result of analysis shows that Incheon Global University Campus(IGUC) project has positively contributed to the development of the global educational environment in IFEZ and Korea.

공저자 수를 고려한 공저 네트워크 중심성과 연구성과의 연관성 분석

이재윤 한국정보관리학회 2016 정보관리학회지 Vol.33 No.4

We analyzed the relationships between the co-authorship network centralities and the research performance indicators with the authors and the number of citations of the papers published for 10 years in Korean library and information science journals. In particular, the research performance indicators were calculated with normal counting and with fractional counting also. As a result of correlation analysis between the variables by setting the different ranges of the author groups to be analyzed according to the number of articles, it was possible to explain the inconsistent results of the previous studies on the correlations between the researchers' citation indicators and their co-authorship network centralities. Overall, the degree of co-authorship activities measured by collaboration coefficient showed no or negatively correlated with research performance. There were statistically significant positive correlations between the centralities and the research performance indicators, but the correlation was not significant in the analysis of the top 30 authors by number of articles. 국내 문헌정보학 분야에서 10년간 발표된 논문의 저자와 인용빈도를 대상으로 공저 네트워크에서의 중심성과 연구성과 지수 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 특히 공저를 고려하지 않고 연구성과 지수를 산출하는 경우와 공저를 고려하여 연구성과 지수를 산출하는 경우로 나누어서 분석하였다. 또한 저자 집단을 논문 수에 따라 다르게 설정하여 지수 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 연구자의 인용지수와 연구자 중심성 사이의 상관관계에 대한 선행 연구의 일관성없는 결과를 설명해낼 수 있었다. 전체적으로 공저 활동의 정도는 연구성과와 상관관계가 유의하지 않았으며 일부에서는 오히려 부정적인 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 중심성과 연구성과 사이의 관계는 통계적으로 유의한 긍정적인 상관관계가 나타났으나 상위 저자 30명만을 대상으로 분석한 결과에서는 상관관계가 유의하지 않았다.