에너지 저감과 업무 효율성을 위한 LED 조명환경 평가에 대한 연구

김형선 ( Hyung Sun Kim ),임재현 ( Jae Hyun Lim ),이기선 ( Kee Sun Lee ),김길희 ( Kil Hee Kim ),정희창 ( Hee Chang Jung ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2015 감성과학 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구에서는 LED 광원에 대하여 재실자의 업무 효율성과 에너지 저감 효과를 알아보기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 LED 광원의 특성인 펄 스 폭변조(PWM, pulse width modulation)와 조도(lux)를 제어하여 총 9가지의 다양한 조명환경을 구성하였다. LED 조명의 펄스변조 비율은 각각 R:G:B=1:1:1, R:G:B=4:1:5, R:G:B=8:7:7으로 하였으며, 조도는 각각 400 lx, 700 lx, 1000 lx 으로 설정하였다. 또한, 실내환경은 온도 20∼24℃, 습도 50∼60%, 착의량 1 clo 로 설정하였다. 각각의 주어진 9개의 조명환경에서 업무 효율성과 에너지 소비에 대해 분석하였다. 업무 효율성 분석을 위해 오류검색수정 작업을 실시하였으며, 에너지 소비 분석을 위해 각 조명환경에서 누적 소비전력을 측정하였다. 제안한 조명환경을 통해 실험한 결과, 업무 효율성은 400 lx 보다 700 lx 이상에서 정확도 및 소요시간의 효율이 좋았으며, 소요시간의 경우 제안한 펄스변조 R:G:B=8:7:7 에서 가장 좋은 효율을 나타냈다. 또한, 각각의 조도에 대한 소비전력은 펄스변조 R:G:B=8:7:7 > RGB=1:1:1 > R:G:B=4:1:5의 순으로 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안한 펄스 폭 변조 효과가 업무효율성 및 에너지 저감에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study carried out an experiment to identify subject’s work effectiveness and energy saving effect using LED light. Towards this end, this study configured nine various lighting environments in order to control PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and illuminance (lux), which are the characteristics of LED light. The PWM ratio of LED light was set as R:G:B=1:1:1, R:G:B=4:1:5, and R:G:B=8:7:7, respectively, and illuminance (lux) was set as 400 lx, 700 lx, and 1000 lx, respectively. In addition, the indoor environment was set temperature 20-24 ℃, humidity 50%-60%, and the amount of clothing 1. This study analyzed work effectiveness and energy consumption in nine lighting environments, each. Error correction was performed for work effectiveness analysis, and cumulative power consumption was measured in each lighting environment for energy consumption analysis. According to experiment results through the lighting environments suggested in this study, accuracy and spent time effectiveness were good in 700lux and higher than 400lux. For spent time, the best effectiveness was revealed in the suggested PWM ratio, R:G:B=8:7:7. The lowest power consumption on each illuminance (lux) was revealed in the order of R:G:B=8:7:7, RGB=1:1:1, and R:G:B=4:1:5. Therefore, pulse-width modulation effect is proposed in this paper was found to affect the efficiency and energy saving.

펄스폭 변조를 이용한 정전형 액추에이터의 구동 및 위치 검출 알고리즘

민동기(Dong-Ki Min),전종업(Jong Up Jeon) 한국생산제조학회 2008 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Capacitive position sensing with modulation technique is widely used in electrostatic actuator applications. To maximize the electrostatic force and the position-sensing gain, capacitors for driving and capacitors for sensing are shared, i.e, after applying the driving voltage with high-frequency modulating signals using op amps, the position is demodulated from the modulated signal. In high-voltage applications, however, low bandwidth of a high-voltage op amp hinders adding the high-frequency modulating signal to the driving voltage. In this paper, new and very simple driving and sensing method is proposed, in which the pulse-width modulated driving voltage eliminates the need of the high-frequency modulating signal for position sensing. This new algorithm is proved by the simulation results using Matlab/SIMULINK.

펄스폭 변조기 기반 추력 제어기를 이용한 달 착륙선 지상시험모델의 경로 추종 성능 연구

양성욱,손종준,이상철,Yang, Sung-Wook,Son, Jong-Jun,Lee, Sang-Chul 한국항공운항학회 2014 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.22 No.4

A lunar lander demonstrator developed for the purpose of demonstrating lunar landing technologies recently in Korea. The thruster control system of the lunar lander demonstrator adopted the main thrusters for altitude control and the reaction thrusters for attitude control. In this paper, we propose a path tracking controller base on Euler angles. The control signals of the controller are of continuous type. And Pulse Width Modulator(PWM) is adopted to provide On/Off signals. We perform MATLAB simulation for evaluating the path tracking performance and the final landing velocity of the lunar lander demonstrator.

CPLD를 이용한 3채널 PWM 신호발생기의 설계

정규홍 대진대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 생산기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

In this research, Pulse-Width-Modulation signal generator of which carrier frequency and resolution is superior to the that of conventional peripheral functions of micro-controllers was designed with the combination of digital logic gate and 3-channels of PWM signal generators were implemented with the single Altera's EPM7128S CPLD. We established the model of digital logic circuit and verified its overall function with MAX+PLUS II software which is offered by Altera for digital logic design engineers. From the experiment of PWM signal test on the integrated hydraulic system control board, we can conclude that it works fairly good as we expected and since the speed of PLD is quite fast, there is no parallel-interfacing problem with the host micro-controller. 주요기술용어: Pulse-Width-Modulation(펄스폭 변조), CPLD(고집적 프로그래머블 논리소자)

펄스폭변조를 이용한 지능구조물의 능동진동제어

곽문규(Kwak, Moon K.),김기영(Kim, Ki-Young),방세윤(Bang, Se-Yoon) 한국소음진동공학회 2005 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

This paper is concerned with the active vibration control of smart structure using actuator signal made of pulse width modulation. The pulse width modulation has been used in motor control, where the amount of energy fed into the motor is controlled by the pulse width instead of applied voltage. The advantage of using the pulse width modulation is that analog signal can be replaced by the digital signal so that we can reduce system costs and power consumption. The effect of pulse width modulation on the vibration response was investigated in this study and the valid transformation rule was found. Then, the pulse width modulation was realized using a microprocessor and electronic circuit. The active vibration suppression was carried out by combining the positive position feedback controller and the pulse width modulation. The experimental result shows that we can replace an expensive amplifier with a pulse width modulation system thus reducing the system cost. The result also shows that the active vibration control can be achieved by the pulse width modulation technique.

자동변속기용 펄스폭변조 솔레노이드 밸브의 동특성 식별

정규홍,조백현,이교일,Jung, Gyu-Hong,Cho, Baek-Hyun,Lee, Kyo-Il 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.10

As most of today's automatic transmissions in passenger car adopt a electro-hydraulic control system, the role of electronically controlled solenoid valves occupies an important position and it is essential to predict solenoid transient characteristics in order to design and evaluate the performance of the hydraulic control system. However, in general, both the magnetic and electrical parameters f the solenoid system are hardly known and it is not easy to model this section with moderate complexity although mechanical system could be developed using the classical second order system. This paper presents a dynamic modelling technique of a solenoid valve, that is controlled by pulse width modulation for an automatic transmission, in terms of system identification theory. In nonlinear computer simulation, it is shown that the identified systems which produce magnetic force to input duty cycle for various excitation signals predict the static and dynamic performance very well near the operating point and in experiment conducted to confirm the validity of identification theory for PWM solenoid valve, we find that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and simulation result. Hence, this model can be utilized in the development of pressure control system with PWM solenoid valve.

H-Bridge 인버터를 이용한 유도전동기 노이즈 저감 출력 필터 설계

조현섭 국제차세대융합기술학회 2020 차세대융합기술학회논문지 Vol.4 No.6

유도전동기 노이즈 저감과 속도 제어를 위해 H-Bridge회로를 통해 L298모터 제어에 관한 연구이다. 일 반적으로 PWM방식은 인버터에 발생된 고조파와 노이즈 그리고 스위칭 주파수, dv/dt와 di/dt 스위칭 방법에 의 해 영향을 받는다. 모터의 속도는 단속되는 전압 펄스폭에 따라서 다르게 되므로 이 펄스의 폭을 ATMEGA128의 타이머 카운터를 이용해 제어한다. ATMEGA128의 L298을 연결하고 그 후단에 유도전동기를 연결한다. 그리고 타이머 카운터 0에서 프로그램으로 버튼을 누르면 버튼 값을 체크하여 switch문을 통해 구분하고 Up버튼이면 0CR 값을 10씩 올리고 Down버튼이면 10씩 내리도록 하면 모터의 스텝각 등의 기본 특성이 다양하게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 H-Bridge을 이용한 유도전동기의 노이즈 저감을 위한 출력 필터 설계를 목적으로 한다. This is a study on L298 motor control through H-Bridge circuit for noise reduction and speed control of induction motor. The PWM method is affected by the harmonics and noise generated in the inverter and the switching frequency dv/dt and di/dt switching method. Since the speed of the motor varies according to the intermittent voltage pulse width, the width of this pulse is controlled using the timer counter of ATMEGA128. Connect the L298 of ATMEGA128 and connect the induction motor to the rear end. Then press the button with the program at timer counter 0. At this time, check the button value and increase the 0CR value by 10 if it is the Up button through the switch statement, and decrease it by 10 if it is the Down button. At this time, various basic characteristics such as the step angle of the motor appear. The purpose of this study is to design an output filter for noise reduction of induction motors using H-Bridge.

퍼지 펄스폭 변조 궤환 제어

이호재(Ho Jae Lee),주영훈(Young Hoon Joo),박진배(Jin Bae Park) 한국지능시스템학회 2005 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

본 논문은 비선형 제어 시스템을 효과적으로 모사하는 TS(Takaki-Sugeno: TS) 퍼지 시스템의 펄스폭 변조 (Pulse-Width Modulated: PWM) 궤환 제어기 설계 기법을 논의한다. 효율적이며 신뢰할만한 퍼지 PWM 제어기를 설계하기 위하여 전역적 지능형 디지털 재설계 기법(global intelligent digital redesign)을 이용한다. 우선 잘 설계된 아날로그 퍼지 제어기를 설계한 후 전역적 지능형 디지털 재설계 기법을 이용하여 디지털 퍼지 제어기를 설계한다. 유사한 전역적 상태정합 개념을 이용하여 재설계된 디지털 퍼지 제어기를 퍼지 PWM 제어기로 변환한다. 또한 재설계된 퍼지 PWM 제어기의 안정화 가능성을 조사한다. This paper discusses an intelligent digital redesign technique for designing a fuzzy pulse-width-modulated (PWM) control. First when we are given a well-designed fuzzy analog control, the equivalent digital control is intelligently redesigned. Using the similar technique we intelligently redesign the fuzzy PWM control from the intelligently redesigned fuzzy digital control. A stabilizability of the intelligently redesigned PWM control is rigorously analyzed.

초음파 진동절삭기의 펄스폭변조 가진 특성

노병국(Byoung Gook Loh),김기대(Gi Dae Kim) 한국기계가공학회 2014 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.13 No.1

To obtain an elliptical trajectory at the cutting edge during elliptical vibration cutting, sinusoidal voltage excitations of two piezoelectric actuators have commonly been used. In this study, PWM excitation, which is relatively simple to generate, was employed and its characteristics were investigated. Inexperimental and analytical analyses, we found that for PWM excitation, the integer-multiple frequencies of the excitation voltage distorted the shape of the elliptical trajectory, whereas at a duty ratio(DR) of 50%, the distortion of the elliptical trajectory was minimized due to disappearance of the firstovertone. When the magnitude of the maximum excitation voltage was maintained at the same level for both PWM and sinusoidal excitation, PWM (DR=50%) excitation produced a greater vibration amplitude than sinusoidal excitation but resulted in more rapid saturation of a high-frequency power amplifier.

개폐식 3방향 전자밸브의 펄스폭 변조 구동에 의한 압력제어 특성에 관한 연구

정헌술,Jeong, Heon-Sul 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.3

Pressure control is possible driving a simple ON/OFF 3-way valve of hydraulic servo system by pulse width modulation signal. But the pressure varies according to the duty ratio and carrier frequency and repeated on-off action induces pressure fluctuation. So equations for mean pressure and ripple amplitude are theoretically derived as a function of on/off time, the system parameters which decide the pressure characteristics are arranged and they are verified by experimental study. As the result selection criteria for the major design parameters are established and the basic strategy to suppress the unnecessary fluctuation can be provided for a hydraulic pressure control system using these type of valves.