카자흐스탄 민족문제의 재해석과 새로운 민족정책의 제고

성동기(SUNG, Dong-Ki),김상철(KIM, Sang-cheol) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2009 중동문제연구 Vol.8 No.2

When Kazakhstan accomplished Independence, the Kazakh couldn't occupy half of Kazakhstan's population. Nonetheless, Kazakh government tried 'the Kazakh Nationalism' at that time. It was confronted with the resistance of Russian with other minorities and amended national policy from nationalism to national unification. This process was already the old history. Now Kazakhstan has the new population change not by immigration of minorities but by the birth rate. After 20 years from now the Kazakh will occupy 70% of Kazakhstan's population. It means Kazakhstan will enter upon "The New Age of National Distribution". So, we have to consider the New National Policy that will be suited to it and Kazakh government must prepare this age. Even now sometimes we can hear Kazakh government propel the Kazakh Nationalism. We have to consider this action as main variation of Kazakhstan's future. In addition, it also will have an effect on relationship between Kazakhstan and Russia and Eurasian order. We seriously must analyze this new, because Kazakhstan is the center of 'the New Great Game'. In this research various analyses will be presented by upper suggestions as it follows. First, the Kazakh Nationalism and the National Unification of Kazakhstan are analyzed from independence to this time. Second, the result of survey about relation between Independent Generation of the Kazkah and Russian is presented. This work gave a chance for us to understand real recognition between them and national policy of Kazakh government. Third, reinterpretation of national problems will happen to Kazakhstan at "The New Age of National Distribution" and new national policies are presented.

회고록 『세기와 더불어』 시가문학 현황과 민족주의적 향유배경

이노형(Lee, No-Hyeung) 한국어문학회 2014 語文學 Vol.0 No.126

『With the Century』 is a memoir written by Kim Il Sung who conducted the guerrilla troops of HANGILYUGEUGDAE. Although its literary amount and system are short of those of the existing literary books, this memoir has many literary informations. Namely it has a lot of informations in relation with the singing poems and backgrounds of literary enjoyment. The distribution range of the works in the memoir is as follows. The quantity of total works consists of about 50 pieces. The 50 pieces go for much larger quantity than 30 pieces exhibited by the past research. Those include about 20 new works too. The new works are especially important works. It is Because they can expand the scope of the existing north korean singing poems. Works of the remaining 30 are also important. Each of them with new works is because it has a very realistic background of literary enjoyment. They contain background informations ranging from the subject and audience of creative and performing to performing on-site, events, and their goals, achievement of performance etc. Description of memoirs with reference to these informations cause a very realistic. In particular it reveals a strong nationalistic consistency. Such nationalistic background of literary enjoyment gives the realistic proof of the national ideology in anti-Japanese singing poems. Such ideology overwhelms the ideologies towards leader and people. This national phenomenon brings a prospect for deepening of nationalistic ideology in future north korean literature. Because the testament in 『With the Century』 written by KIM IL SUNG is the absolute teachings.

재중,재미,재일동포의 거주지 분포와 직업구성의 공간적 특성

한주성(Ju Seong Han) 한국지역지리학회 1998 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.4 No.2

카라차이-체르케스 공화국의 민족-언어상황 연구

정경택 ( Chung Kyung Taek ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2021 슬라브연구 Vol.37 No.3

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic of North Caucasus is a republic of indigenous ethnic groups, Turkic Karachay and Adyghe Cherkess. Although the two ethnic groups are indigenous, the number of Karachay is about 40%, which is less than half, and the Cherkess is only 12%, the population of the these two ethnic groups is only over half of the total population. In addition, Russians make up 30%, but Nogay and Abazins, who belong to ethnic groups such as Karachay and Cherkess, account for 3% and 7%, respectively. The three ethnic groups are forming a republic. The Adyghe Cherkess of Karachai-Cherkessia is an indigenous ethnic group, but it is a minority, and it is the most disadvantageous situation to preserve and develop the tradition and language of the Adyghe people, compared to the Kabardino-Balkaria. Moreover, like all the ethinc republics of the Russian Federation, the language of so-called “Titular nation”(Титульная нация) is the state language of the republic, but the status of Russian, the state language of the Federation, is solid and the use area is continuously expanding. In addition to these three languages, Russian language will also be stronger because Abazain and Nogay languages have state language of republic. The division of the Adyghe people due to the establishment of artificial ethnic-territorial boundaries in the Soviet period, the appearance of different ethnic names, the coexistence of several ethnic groups with different origins and languages in one republic, and the still superiority of Russian are common phenomenon in the North Caucasian national republics. In the previous study, I researched the differences between the two indigenous republics, Adygea and Kavardino-Balkariya and in this study, I studied that the Soviet Union formed an artificial ethnic names and Karachay people is Titular nation and that the users of Abazin and Nogay languages were also minorities, but they are the people who make up the republic. Karachay, Cherkess, Avazain, Nogay, and Russians show distictive features in their densely populated residences and use their mother tongue in their homes, but young people speak Russian through education and media and in the city, they are bilingual speakers who speak Russian as lingua franca in communication with other minorities, which is found to be in common with the North Caucasus, furthermore, all ethnic republics in the Russian Federation. In addition, the Russian government’s strengthening of Russian language status and expansion of use, and the strengthening of Karachai’s nationalism and the expansion of the Turkic group are in danger of extinction of Cherkess language faster than other Adyghe ethnic republics. But even Karachay language will be later, but it will not be able to escape the Russianization of ethnic-language. Finally, the study the ethnic-language of the Karachai-Cherkessia should be conducted in addition to the two indigenous peoples, as well as the study of the language of Avazin and Nogay.

러시아 시베리아 지역 언어에 대한 고찰

김태진(Tae-Jin Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.23

This paper aims to investigate linguistic distribution of minorities in the Arctic Circle of Russian. The languages used in the Russian Arctic Circle belong mainly to the Uralic languages and Altaic languages. However, these languages are also commonly used across the Siberia and the Russia. Thus, the claim that they are spoken only in the Russian Arctic Circle does not make any sense. The fact that the languages are used by the minorities of the Arctic Circle does not mean that everyone knows how to use them. In the paper, we have tried to draw the language map based on the languages which are used in the Arctic Circle. We have also tried to grasp the numbers of the populations of each nation which has practically spoken these Arctic Circle languages. If these linguistic researches are completed, many people will be induced to the interest in the languages of the ethnic groups in the Arctic Circle.

서울 대도시권 외국인 노동자 거주 분포 집중도와 분리도에 대한 공간통계 분석 - 국적별 집적 혹은 사회경제적 집적? -

손정렬 대한지리학회 2024 대한지리학회지 Vol.59 No.1

This study examines the characteristics of the residential distribution of foreign workers in the Seoul metropolitan area by different groups. More specifically, this study attempts to investigate which of the two influences (agglomerations by nationality and socioeconomic status) is stronger in their spatial distribution patterns. For the analysis, 25 groups by nationality, and high-income professional and lowincome non-professional worker groups by visa status are classified, and the distribution characteristics of concentration and isolation are examined. Then, a comparison is made between nationality groups and socioeconomic status groups. The coefficient of variation and the index of dissimilarity are used for aspatial analysis on a micro spatial scale, and Moran’s I is used for spatial analysis on a macro spatial scale. The analysis is conducted on 66 cities and counties in Seoul metropolitan area. The result of the study shows that different nationality and socioeconomic status groups have various levels of concentration and isolation at different spatial scales. As a result of the comparison between the agglomeration patterns of the nationality and the socioeconomic status, it is confirmed that the two do not show significant difference in concentration level while the latter is stronger in isolation. Meanwhile, nationality type (developed and underdeveloped countries) and socioeconomic status (high-income professionals and low-income non-professionals) are closely associated with each other in the degrees of concentration and isolation. The results of this study can be used as basic data necessary for establishing future policies related to foreign residential areas.

지역 유형론적 관점에서 본 한어(漢語)와 소수 민족 언어의 비음 운미 유형 ― 중국 중·남부 지역을 중심으로

盧慧靜 ( Roh Hyejeong ) 중국어문연구회 2021 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.103

The purpose of this article is to analyze the sound patterns and the distribution features of the nasal codas /-m, -n, -ŋ/ of the Sinitic languages and the ethnic languages distributed in central and southern China, centering on the Yangtze River basin and the southern part of the Yangtze River. We have produced a language atlas of the typology of the nasal codas of such languages, and from an areal typology perspective, this atlas shows that the areal distribution features of the nasal codas of the Sinitic languages and ethnic languages distributed in mainland China are similar to each other. The patterns of the nasal codas of these languages show similar regional distribution characteristics. They can be broadly divided into the central and southeastern /-ŋ/ types, the central /-n, -ŋ/ types, and the far southern /-m, -n, -ŋ/ types. In addition, we have also produced a language atlas of the typology of the plosive codas of these languages and compare their distribution features with those of the nasal codas; the results show areal distributions that can be divided into southwestern, central, far southern, and southeast areas in China in which consonant codas are geographically similar. Through observing and analyzing the patterns of the areal distribution of the nasal codas in the same region based on /-m, -n, -ŋ/ and the areal distribution of the nasal codas in the ethnic languages, a discussion about language contact and language shift in the Sinitic languages and non-Sinitic languages emerges. We attach great importance to the relationships and influences among the ethnic languages that are distributed in or around the same region as the Sinitic languages from the perspective of areal typology.