한국 · 일본 전통 상류주택의 비물질적 표현특성 비교

김동영(Kim, Dong-Young) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.3

To the extent of this study, focused on the aspects of material, form, and space, traditional upper-class house in Korea and Japan will be analyzed; the characteristics of nonmaterial expression are concluded as follows. 1. The similar appearances were presented in Korean’ and Japanese’ house in the intervals between rooms in aspects of material and space. In the material aspect, the expressions of breaking boundary was detected in both architect styles, using Han-ji and Wa-si, which share features of transparency. At the open of windows and doors, both houses represent such characteristics in the intervals, being embodied of visual communication with spaces directly. However, at the close of windows and doors, the spatial decomposition is observed in Korean house whereas the condition is hardly built in Japanese house, applying thick Husuma. Meanwhile, there are distinct differences of Korea and Japan found in formal aspect, in between interior and exterior area, and in between exterior and another exterior area. To sum up these discriminative conditions; Korea has non-material expression developed depicting models from nature as they exist or using the method that allows one to accept the nature as it is. On the contrary, Japan has its characteristic based on the contrast of figuration, cut-off in outside the nature, or placement of fabricated nature beside the area. In this perspective, Koreans’ expressions are observed to have a raw feature, however, Japanese’ are appeared to conceive the traits built upon artificial modification. Fundamentally, Korean built the house after constructing a village based on the relationship between surrounding environment, contrary to Japan from whose style is not deduced such architectural psychology based on a relationship among the nature and the village as Korea. 2. In the ideological background, Wuwei Ziran?letting nature be, leaving the nature as it is? exists in Korea and Mu-zou-kan?a view of life as something transient and empty?in Japan, and Korean spaces naturally represent characteristics of circular and mutual?non-selfish?space constituted on the link of overall relationship beyond boundaries. Consequently, Japanese space differentiates its traits of independent, non-circular, and own selfish space from Korea. It is very important and necessary to establish for the Korean traditional House’s excellency with multidirectional objectification of Korean traditional space’s characteristics. And this paper presents the findings obtained from the investigation of immaterial peculiarities retained in the Japanese traditional House of upper class, on the base of the preceding research -residence of the gentility in the Korean Joseon Dynasty.

유교(儒敎) 수용(受容)에 따른 전통주택(傳統住宅) 남성공간(男性空間)의 변천(變遷)에 관한 비교연구(比較硏究) -중(中).한(韓).일(日) 상류주택(上流住宅)을 중심으로-

윤일이,Youn, Lil-Y 한국건축역사학회 2005 건축역사연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study is focused on a space for man in upper classes house that is one of appeared characteristics as Korea, China and Japan imported Confucianism become common cultural base in these countries. Because a space for man in these countries has the same nature represented as a typical space in a upper classes house, and this space is differentiated by regional features, a way of thinking, a way of life and social structure as well, these characteristics are compared one another. Import of Confucianism influenced formation of a upper classes house and the spaces of the house are divided by generation, sexuality and classes. A space for man become a center of the house as well as a space for reception in accordance with patriarchism because this space stands for hierarchy of the house. A space for man of each country, Korea, China and Japan, has differences; that is, Chinese Jeongbang is used as a space for family as well as for guests; Korean Sarangchae is for only men and used as a reception space; Japanese Zasiki is used just for reception. These differences among countries are caused by owner's class, a civil officer or a military officer, and this class differentiated the characteristics of reception for guest. Even though the these countries take the space for man for meeting, Chinese is for family, Korean is for ancestors and Japanese is for guests.

조선시대 상류주택 공간의 비물질적 표현 특성

김동영 대한건축학회지회연합회 2008 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.10 No.3

This paper presents the findings obtained from the investigation of immaterial peculiarities retained in the residence of the gentility in the Chosun Dynasty as follows; (1) the immaterial peculiarities are classifiable to three categories, that is, material, morphologic construction and spacial aspects. In the material aspect, translucence, lightness, metaphor, and sur-epidermis are found. In the morphologic construction aspect, de-gravitation is involved. Finally, the spacial aspect includes the ambiguity among the boundaries of spaces and the feature that do not takes due notice of the occasion. (2) specifically relative to the material aspect, translucence accomplished by the usage of Han-Ji(korean traditional paper attached on the door, window, and wall)is identified. In addition, non-gravitation which is attained by the feelings of floating and dynamic, which are provided by the Ru-Maru(floored space like a pavilion) in morphologic construction aspect. (3) The ambiguity among the boundaries of spaces are found between interior spaces, between interior and exterior spaces, and between exterior and exterior spaces. According to the three deployments, it was found that there are ambiguous boundaries between rooms; between room, Dae-Chung(the main floored space between rooms), and Ma-dang(korean courtyard) as well as the vista from room or Dae-Chung over the fence to scenery; between Ma-dang and Ma-dang, space expedition achieved by Chae-Nu-Num(divided mass style) is identified. (4) The spaces in the residence of the gentility can be defined as to retain relativity that transcends the boundaries between spaces. That is, the spaces are formulated as a whole by considering the collective connection referred to Mu-Ja-Sung so that the whole spaces are mentioned to retain a recursive attribute. (5) the recursive attribute of the whole spaces can be divided into the interior circulation and exterior circulation.

조선 말기 경기지역 상류주택에 나타난 남녀 공간구성의 특성에 관한 연구

박형진(Park, Hyung-Jin) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

The spatial separation of male’s and female’s area due to the law of ‘Naeoei’ is one of the trademark features of residence by the building principle of ‘Confucianism’ in the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Thanks to modernized agriculture and commerce, the residence of ‘Sinheung-Yangban’ developed. And they were influenced by the economic and living characteristics than traditional custom. So the residence of ‘Sinheung-Yangban’ is very important in terms of the course of modernizing of the korean traditional residence. Researcher figures out the influences of the law of ‘Naeoei’ in residence and the characteristics of male’s and female’s field in terms of daily life with investigating the residence of ‘Sinheung-Yangban’ as the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Through this, the goal of this study is to find the properties of male’s and female’s field of upper class houses in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of male’s and female’s spatial composition of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. First, the traditional law of ‘Naeoei’ plays a primary role as the principle of building of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With a natural result, there is a clear spatial separation as the male’s and female’s social role. Second, ‘An-Chae’ and ‘Sarang-Chae’ as male’s and female’s living space are separated physically, but real living life tends to be syntagmatically made with ‘An-Madang’ as the center. Third, spatial integration of ‘An-Madang’ as the center results in the development of architectural connection factors of ‘An-Chae’ and ‘BaKat-Chae’ adjoining ‘An-Madang’, facing ‘Toei-Gan’, ‘Maru’, and ‘door’. Forth, the boundary of male’s and female’s areas is relatively clear between dwellers and visitors, but on the other hand, the separation of male’s and female’s spaces between family members has little significance.

한·중 전통주택 연구를 통한 현대적 주거공간 개발 - 조선시대 상류주택과 명·청시대 `사합원`을 중심으로 -

윤지영 ( Yoon Ji-young ),매문병 ( Mei Wen-bing ),김수화 ( Kim Sue-hwa ),이곤 ( Lee Gon ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2009 한국디자인포럼 Vol.22 No.-

이 연구는 한·중 간의 전통적 주거 형태를 분석하여, 이를 현대적 주거 공간인 아파트형 주거공간에 적용할 수 있는 운영 법칙을 제시함으로써, 전통문화와 현대적 수요의 융합이라는 시대적 요구에 응답하고자 한다. 한국의 경우, 조서시대 상류주택의 디자인 특성을 토대로 개방성/폐쇄성, 관입성, 연속성, 가변성, 생태성의 요소들을, 중국은 동시대 전통주택인 사합원의 특성을 토대로 대칭성, 영역성, 방사성, 연속성, 장식성, 생태성의 요소들을 추출하여 현대적 아파트 평면에 적용하는 방안을 개발하였다. 두 나라의 전통적 주택의 원리를 일반화하여 이를 현대적 주거 공간인 아파트형 주택에 응용하는 것은, 전통적인 주거 문화의 계승과 새로운 시대에 적합한 개발의 개념으로서 그 의미가 있으며, 또한 서로 다른 전통적 주거 문화에 대한 이해와 소통을 위한 참고자료가 될 수 있다. This study is based on the analysis of plane and space research of Peking Quadrangle which was the typical type of China`s traditional residence and Han-ok, the upper class dwelling of Seoul, grasping the ideological and cultural background of the traditional residence, as well as the characteristic, inter-community, diversity and mutual relationships of the two countries. By extracting the operating principles and methods of the traditional residence, and by suggesting the design principles which can be applied in contemporary apartment houses, this study shows the direction for both modernization and succession of the traditional housings. Korean apartment is designed based on openness & closeness, spatial continuity, flexibility and ecological application, while Chinese apartment on symmetry of plan, hierarchy, ornament, flexibility and ecological concept different from Korean application. This not only will be an inheritance and development of the traditional residential culture, but also supply a desirable example for the application of the traditional civilization of other regions.

조선후기 한양의 상류주택과 비교를 통한 낙선재의 건축특성 연구

조규형,Cho, Kyu-Hyung 한국건축역사학회 2012 건축역사연구 Vol.21 No.1

Nakseonjae in Changdeokgung Palace was established at The King Hunjong's 13rd year (1847), the mid-19th century. It was constructed for own rests of King Hunjong and the residence of Kyungbin (king's concubines), and is showing features of upper-class houses from several points such as rustic architectural types by getting out of authoritative aspects as king's shelter space within the palace, block and floor distribution that separated spaces for men and women, simplicity in structures and styles, and non-colorful painting etc. This study aims at tracing on which architectural types did the upper-class houses within Hanyang (modern Seoul) at late Joseon Dynasty have and what was characteristics of Nakseonjae. The resemblance between Nakseonjae and the upper-class houses was very little differences from scale aspects, and floor plan shapes of Anchae (women's quarters) and Sarangchae (men's quarters) were followed basic common styles. Also, resemblance could be confirmed in the structural styles too. Characteristics of Nakseonjae are showing apparent differences from clearance compositions such as hall configuration etc. Nakseonjae was king's dwelling place, and spaces for house's collateral functions such as kitchen, stable, and warehouse etc together with shrine were unnecessary, and such places were substituted into servants' quarters for assisting the Royal family. In detailed structural styles, column's size was larger 3cm or more than the upper-class houses, and its height was higher to the degree of 30~60cm. Besides, formality as king's shelter space was raised more in decorating aspects, and Nakseonjae was implemented by getting architectural influences from Qing Dynasty of China. This study induced features of Hanyang's upper-class houses at the 19th century by supplementing distribution and space configurations at existing cases of Seoul and Gyeonggi area together with house diagrams having been collected by Gaokdohyung (site and floor plan) of Jangseogak Library, and confirmed resemblances and differences with Nakseonjae, that is, features of Nakseonjae. Through the result, this study judges a fact that architecture of Nakseonjae seemed to be affected from conveniences of upper-class houses within Hanseong, and also architectural styles and distribution types of Nakseonje would give influences to the upper-class houses.

조선시대 상류주택 안마당의 척도 비례 분석을 통한 폐쇄성에 관한 연구 - 경북지방 ‘ㅁ’자형 조선시대 상류주택을 중심으로 -

성재중 한국건축역사학회 2019 한국건축역사학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

조선시대 상류주택 실내공간의 조형적 특성에 관한 연구

오혜경 경희대학교 생활과학연구소 1997 생활과학논집 Vol.1 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to identify the design characteristics in upper class residential interior of Chosun Dynasty. The majority of this research as achieved through books and journals as well as examining traditional Korean hous, Yun Kyung Dang. The major finings were summarized as follows; First : Regarding to the spatial characteristics, 1) The inner spatial characteristic is open whileas the outer spatial characteristic is closed. 2) It has strong aspect of the spatial sequence. 3) It has strong directional aspect by having axis. second : Regardign to the form characteristics, 1) it is consist of variety of lines -horizontal line, vertical line, diagonal line, thick and thin, curved line and straight line. 2) In contrast, the plane is simple and unified. Lastly, Regarding to the color and texture caracteristics of materials, strong emphasis is placed on retaining their material state and not artficially manipulating to hide their inherent properties.

한국ㆍ중국 상류주택 남성공간의 유교적 특성에 관한 비교연구

윤일이,Youn Lily 한국주거학회 2004 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.5

This comparative study on the confucian characteristics of the space for men on the upper-class house took two approaches. Firstly, even though Korea and China accepted same Confucianism, they developed their own Confucian cultures and differentiated house types. Therefore, the process of developing various type of house can be observed as to adopting Confucianism. Secondly, identification of each country can be appeared by looking into the house developing process. Preceding studies about traditional houses of Korea and China usually focused on style analysis. However, this study approaches to house arrangement through understanding the base of each culture and people.

조선후기 중부지역 상류주택 내 식(食)공간 구성에 대한 공간사회학적 의미분석

이지영(Lee Ji-Young),최경란(Choi Kyung-Ran) 한국디자인학회 2011 디자인학연구 Vol.24 No.3