구전연구에 관한 문헌적 고찰

류강석(Ryu, Gangseog),유시진(Yoo, Shijin) 한국마케팅학회 2015 마케팅연구 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구에서는 마케팅 분야의 주요 국내 학술지인 마케팅연구, Asia Marketing Journal(구: 한국마케팅저널), 소비자학연구, 경영학연구 등에 최근 10년간 게재된 구전과 관련된 논문을 대상으로 문헌고찰을 실시하여, 주요 연구결과를 정리하고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. 본 논문의 저자들은 그 동안의 연구를 크게 (1) 구전의 발생 및 정보의 전달, (2) 구전의 효과 및 정보의 수신, 그리고 (3) 보상된 구전과 사회연결망 등 세 흐름으로 구분하여 분석하였으며, 국내학술지에 게재된 구전에 관한 연구의 수는 꾸준히 증가하는 추세를 나타내고, 연구 주제와 방법론도 다양해지고 있다는 결과를 발견하였다. 특히, 소비경험과 품질, 서비스 실패, 소비자 및 상황요인, 구전차원 및 유형, 메시지특성 등 다양한 변수들이 구전발생의 선행 및 영향요인 혹은 구전효과의 조절요인으로 다루어졌다. 더불어, 보상된 구전과 사회연결망에 대한 연구는 이 기간 동안 새로이 부각된 주제이며, 최근에는 온라인 구전 연구가 매우 큰 비중을 차지하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로, 구전의 발생 및 온라인 구전에 고유한 요인의 파악, 구전의 발생과 효과 혹은 소비자반응과 기업성과를 아우르는 전체모형에 대한 고찰, 그리고 연구방법과 관련하여 현장실험, 2차 자료, 복수의 연구방법론 활용 등이 향후 연구방향 및 주제로서 제안되었다. This research conducts a critical review of the papers on word-of-mouth(WOM) published in the four Korean academic journals of marketing(i.e., Journal of Korean Marketing Association, Asia Marketing Journal, Journal of Consumer Studies, and Korean Management Review) between 2004 and 2014. The authors highlight key findings of the studies and suggest future directions for WOM research. After offering an overview of the basic characteristics of WOM, the authors perform the literature review according to the three sub-areas: (1) WOM generation - information transmission, (2) WOM effects -information reception, and (3) two special topics - rewarded WOM and social networks. The results show that the number of papers has been increasing and that the topics and methods have become more diversified. Specifically, scholars have proposed a variety of antecedents to consumers" WOM generation and moderators of WOM effects, which can be categorized as consumption experience and product quality, service failure, consumer and situational factors, type and dimension of WOM, and message characteristics. In addition, the two new research areas of rewarded WOM and social networks emerged during this period, and online WOM has gained much popularity in more recent years. Lastly, the authors suggest that future research should focus on the aspects unique to WOM generation and online WOM, develop a comprehensive model that covers both WOM generation and effects, and both consumer responses and firm"s performances, and methodologically more utilize field experiments, secondary data, multiple research methods.

블로그 상품추천 게시글의 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인 탐구: 메시지 측면성, 추천 보상, 지각된 설득의도와 제품블로그 신뢰도를 중심으로

소현진 한국광고PR실학회 2012 광고PR실학연구 Vol.5 No.2

제품의 장점만을 나열한 블로그 상품추천과 제품의 장단점을 모두 제시한 블로그 상품추천은 어떤 것이 더 효과적일까? 상품추천 게시글에 대한 기업의 보상여부를 명시하는 것과 언급하지 않는 것은 설득효과에 있어 차이가 날까? 또한 블로그 상품추천의 설득효과는 소비자의 블로그에 대한 기존 인식에 따라 달라질까? 본 연구는 이러한 문제에 대한 해답을 찾기 위하여 메시지의 측면성과 추천에 대한 보상여부, 그리고 소비자의 블로그 상품추천의 설득의도에 대한 지각정도와 제품블로그 신뢰도가 블로그 상품추천 게시글의 설득효과에 미치는 영향을 실험연구를 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과, 양면메시지는 메시지 신뢰도, 메시지 태도, 메시지 구전의향에서 일면메시지보다 긍정적인 효과를 획득하였으며, 특히 설득의도 지각정도가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비하여 양면메시지를 더 선호하였다. 또한 제품블로그 신뢰도는 메시지 신뢰도, 메시지 구전의향, 그리고 브랜드를 타인에게 추천할 의향에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 반면 추천에 대한 보상과 소비자의 블로그 설득의도 지각정도는 유의미한 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 연구결과에 근거하여 블로그 마케팅의 실무에 활용할 수 있는 시사점을 제안하였다.

일관성 욕구가 소비자의 구전 후 태도변화에 미치는 영향: 만족에 대한 귀인과 추천보상의 역할

박기경 ( Kikyoung Park ),류강석 ( Gangseog Ryu ) 한국소비자학회 2016 소비자학연구 Vol.27 No.3

Word-of-mouth(WOM) has long been known to play important and various roles in the marketing and consumption process, and it started gaining more popularity among firms and scholars due to the recent emergences of new technologies like social network services. Although a substantial amount of knowledge has been accumulated regarding antecedents and consequences of WOM, we know much less about its impact on the communicator herself. It appears quite apparent to predict that it will affect her own attitudes or feelings about the product if a customer talks about her opinions or experiences of a product. Psychologists have already demonstrated these possibilities through public commitment effect -communicating one’s attitude in a verbal or written format makes it more extreme - and emotional recovery effect -expressing one’s emotions about negative experiences lessens negative feelings. In the marketing literature, Garnefeld, Helm, and Eggert(2011) show that the positive effect of WOM transmission behavior and the communicators’ brand loyalty is stronger for consumers with a low level of product knowledge, and Park and Ryu(2011) find that the emotional recovery effect of WOM varies by the motives of WOM. Understanding the effects of WOM participation on communicators also provides significant implications for the firms that pay attention to Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Relationship Management, which emphasizes the value of existing customers as well as new customers. In this research, the authors examine the roles that consumers’ need for consistency and attribution of satisfaction(i.e., locus of control) play in determining the relationship between WOM transmission and own attitude change, and study both traditional natural WOM and new rewarded WOM - a reward is offered in exchange for referral. Need for consistency is one of the most basic human motives; People desire to pursue a balance among their cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. Individuals with a high level of need for consistency place greater weights not only on consistency but also justifiability of their and others’ responses. This tendency becomes stronger in public. In contrast, individuals with a low level of need for consistency consider self-enhancement motives more important. Among the three dimensions of Weiner’s(2000) attributional causes, the authors suggest that locus of control - whether company-related causes or customer-related causes -be closely associated with the different motives which individuals emphasize. That is, company-related causes of satisfaction will be perceived to be more legitimate and valid, and thus will provide easier justifications for one’s responses. On the contrary, customer-related causes are likely to be perceived to be more subjective and self-serving, and will be harder to justify the responses. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 posits that consumers high in need for consistency will show a more favorable attitude toward service after they engage in WOM transmissioner about their satisfying experiences attributable to company-related causes(vs. no WOM), whereas they will show no difference in the customer-related attribution condition. On the other hand, individuals low in need for consistency will formulate a more favorable attitude toward service after engaging in WOM transmission about their consumption experiences attributable to customer-related causes (vs. no WOM), whereas they will show no difference in the company-related attribution condition. Hypothesis 2 compares the impact of rewarded WOM with that of natural WOM. Since referral rewards will work as an additional extrinsic motive or elicit situational attributions for WOM, consumers will perceive it to be less legitimate and justifiable engaging in rewarded WOM behavior. This condition will be relevant only to consumers high in need for consistency, and their attitude will be become less favorable after WOM in the rewarded WOM compared to the natural WOM condition when they make company-related attributions for satisfaction. The authors conducted an experiment with 2(need for consistency: high vs. low) x 2(satisfaction attribution: company-related vs. customer-related) x 3(WOM type: natural WOM vs. rewarded WOM vs. no WOM) between-subjects design. The main dependent variable was communicator’s attitude toward service, and general emotion that the communicator experienced during WOM transmission was also measured for exploratory analysis. 293 college students participated in the experiment, and they were randomly assigned to one of the 12 conditions. Planned-contrasts were performed to test the hypotheses. As to Hypothesis 1, participants high in need for consistency showed a more favorable attitude when they had engaged in WOM about company-attributed satisfaction(vs. no WOM)(3.75natural WOM vs. 2.53no WOM; F(1, 281) = 8.82, p < .01), whereas engaging in WOM did not have any influence in the customer-attributed satisfaction condition (3.06natural WOM vs. 2.64no WOM; F(1, 281) = 1.03, p > .30). On the other hand, participants low in need for consistency showed a more favorable attitude when they had engaged in WOM about customer-attributed satisfaction(vs. no WOM)(3.68natural WOM vs. 2.91no WOM; F(1, 281) = 4.23, p < .05), whereas engaging in WOM had no effect in the company-attributed satisfaction condition (3.40natural WOM vs. 3.61no WOM; F(1, 281) = .25, p > .60). As for Hypothesis 2, participants high in need for consistency showed a less favorable attitude when they had engaged in rewarded WOM about company-attributed satisfaction(vs. natural WOM)(3.75natural WOM vs. 2.82rewarded WOM; F(1, 281) = 5.40, p < .05), whereas there was no difference in the responses among other conditions(high in need for consistency -customer-attributed satisfaction: 3.06natural WOM vs. 2.64rewarded WOM, F(1, 281) = .97, p > .30; low in need for consistency -company-attributed satisfaction: 3.40natural WOM vs. 3.46rewarded WOM; F(1, 281) = .02, p > .85; low in need for consistency -customer-attributed satisfaction: 3.68natural WOM vs. 3.52rewarded WOM; F(1, 281) = .17, p > .65). In addition, the result of emotion showed a similar pattern to that of attitude. In conclusion, the research findings make significant contributions to the literature by extending the public commitment effect to WOM domains with new moderators and by introducing indirect effects of attributions, and also offer insights to firms for their WOM strategy.

네트워크마케팅의 보상체계에 관한 연구

정영만 ( Jeong Yeong Man ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2003 인적자원관리연구 Vol.7 No.-

의료 서비스의 실패 상황에서 서비스 회복 보상과 진정성이 서비스 이용 행동에 미치는 영향

강민정 ( Kang Minjung ),한상린 ( Han Sang-lin ),백민선 ( Baek Min Seon ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.6

The rapidly aging population, rising income levels and growing interest in well-being are changing the perception of quality of life, healthy life, and the importance of the medical service industry. As a result, market of medical service becomes more competitive. The independent variables consist of the monetary reward, the apologies and the details of explanation as a sub-directional variables. The authenticity is composed of 3 dimensions including service provider, service process, and customer-orientation. The intermediate variable is the commitment which has been reviewed by affect, continuity, a normative approach. It was selected the repurchase intention and the word of mouth as the sub-ordination variable. The definition of the failure for medical service meant dissatisfaction after the surgery or the treatment. The research has been executed toward the person who felt dissatisfaction after medical service. From the theoretical point of view of this study, the hypothesis test showed that only apology and detailed explanations among the sub-directional of service recovery efforts had positive effects on commitment(affective, continuous, normative commitment). In addition, only customeroriented authenticity, a subparameter of authenticity, has a positive effect on commitment (affective, continuous, normative commitment). The normative commitment effects on the verbal intention in the aspect of positive, the intention of verbal is supposed to effect on the intention of re-using significantly. The practical view of this study has been that apologies and detailed explanations are important recovery rewards for service customers who experience medical service failures during marketing activities to attract customers of the medical institution. It also suggests that customer-oriented authenticity rather than authenticity of service personnel or service processes is a key factor in the long-term relationship that can be shaped by the customer's desire to find and provide what services they need.

B2B 시장에서의 고객추천과 추천보상프로그램

니암험 피야파,황자성,김태완 한국프랜차이즈학회 2024 프랜차이징저널 Vol.10 No.2

Word-of-mouth serves as a potent tool for acquiring new customers. Referral reward programs (RRPs) are extensively employed to broaden customer bases by motivating current customers to refer others. Existing research predominantly examines the incentive systems and effective referral behaviors within CRPs. However, there is a notable gap in studies concerning the behavior of referred customers post-referral, especially in sectors such as B2B and the food distribution industry. This study explores how relationship characteristics between referrers and referees affect the behavior of referred customers in the B2B food supply market. Using data from Foodpang, a B2B food platform, the study employs multiple regression and logistic regression analyses. The findings reveal several key insights: firstly, the referrer's purchase amount and franchise relationship positively impact the referee's purchase behavior. Secondly, geographical distance and referral frequency between referrers and referees play significant roles when referees themselves make subsequent referrals. Thirdly, referees who spend more tend to be more inclined to refer others. Finally, in cases where referrers and referees are geographically distant, their industry alignment significantly influences the referee's likelihood to refer others. This research contributes academic insights into referral reward programs and offers practical implications for the B2B market.