일본에 빈집이 많은 이유와 시사점

김수현(Soo-hyun Kim) 한국주택학회 2021 주택연구 Vol.29 No.1

일본은 전 세계에서 빈집이 가장 많은 나라이다. 2018년 기준으로 전체 주택의 13.6%인 849만 채가 비어 있다. 이에 따라 일본 정부는 공가문제 해결을 주택정책의 가장 우선적인 과제로 두고 대응책을 마련하는 중이다. 그러나 일본의 공가문제는 저출산ㆍ고령화, 지역쇠퇴, 소비자 선호변화와 같은 사회변화의 결과로만 해석할 수 없을 정도로 대규모적이고 지속적이라는 특징을 가지고 있다. 더구나 집이 남아도는 데도 고쳐짓지 않고, 새 집 위주로 계속 공급되는 것은 일본의 사회ㆍ경제시스템이 주택 과잉생산을 구조화하고 있다는 의구심을 갖게 한다. 이 논문은 그 배경으로 일본의 높은 건설업 의존, 공적 역할이 축소된 주택시스템, 양극화 심화와 과잉유동성을 들고 있다. 이들의 영향으로 확장형 도시개발이 계속되고, 민간임대주택 등 신축주택 과잉공급이 일어남으로써 주택과잉 상태가 지속되는 것이다. 물론 일본의 특수한 사정으로 재해에 취약한 목조주택 문제도 고려해야 할 것이다. 주택시장 상황만으로 보면 우리나라가 일본의 경험을 바로 겪을 가능성은 거의 없다. 그러나 유사한 주택시장 역사를 가진 나라로서 우리도 과잉공급과 거품형성을 경계하는 한편, 소비자 선호 변화에 대비한 재고주택 개선에 나설 필요가 있다. Japan is the country with the largest number of vacant houses in the world. As of 2018, 8.49 million houses (13.6% of all housing) are empty. As a result, the Japanese government is preparing countermeasures to resolve the vacant housing issue as the top priority of the housing policy. However, the issue of vacant housing in Japan cannot be interpreted mainly as a result of social changes, such as low birth rate, aging population, regional decline, and consumer preference change. We can raise doubts about the fact that the Japanese economic system is structuring the overproduction of houses. As the background of this oversupply, Japan’s high dependence on the construction industry, housing systems with reduced public roles, deepening polarization, and excess liquidity are presented. Under these influences, the expansion of urban development continues, and the oversupply of new houses, such as private rental housing, occurs. Of course, the special circumstances of wooden houses vulnerable to disasters should also be considered. In terms of the housing market alone, it is unlikely that Korea will immediately follow Japan’s path. However, as a country with a similar housing system, we also need to be wary of oversupply and bubble formation, while also improving the existing housing against changes in consumer preferences.

농촌주택 및 목조주택 표준모델 구조체의 습·열 환경 성능 개선 방안

유동완,이태구 한국농촌건축학회 2021 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the standard models for rural housing and wooden housing model have performance for hygrothermal and to propose a way of improvement relevant to hygrothermal performance for those models. All of the models to be analyzed were found to have some parts that were absent of stability in terms of performance for hygrothermal. In the process of analyzing the causes and proposing improvement measures, the following conclusions were derived. Fist, The exterior surface of the structure should be composed of a structure with good moisture permeability, and for the interior surface, a variable vapor retarder paper should be applied in consideration of the reverse condensation phenomenon in summer. Second, in terms of performance for hygrothermal, applications of external insulation plaster finish to the exterior wall or of ventilation method using a rafter vent on the roof should be avoided. Third, a rain screen method with a ventilation layer should be applied to the exterior wall, and a method of constructing ventilation layer separated from the insulation layer with a vapor retarder paper should be applied to the roof. Fourth, the application of insulation materials having capillary action, such as wood fiber insulation board or cellulose insulation board, contributes to more stable performance for hygrothermal.

전통 문화재 경량 목조 건축물의 유형개발에 관한 연구

문종욱 국가유산방재학회(구 문화재방재학회) 2018 문화재방재학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

국내의 RC조 및 S조 건축물의 비환경적 주거환경에 대한 대안으로서 목조 건축물들에 대한 자연 친화 적 해결책 마련과 우리의 기후, 환경에 적합한 목조 건축물 계획의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 목재의 자연 친화적 재료로서의 적합성, 목조의 유형별 특성, 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 특성을 고찰하고, 우리의 기후 및 환경에 적합하며 현실적 적용 가능성을 갖는 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 적용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. As an alternative to the residential environment of the RC and S structures in Korea, it is necessary to prepare natural-friendly solutions for wooden buildings and to plan wooden structures suitable for our climate and environment. Therefore, this study considered the suitability of wood as a natural material, the characteristics of each type of wood, the nature of wooden structures, and the practical application of wooden structures. Through this, the natural sustainable life structure development plan reduces the use of wood, reduces the damage to the surrounding environment during construction, and reduces the amount of waste material that can be made by the construction process. Also, the use of assembly method and the use of wood for reducing environmental waste through the recycling of wood with poor characteristics, small road surface, and waste materials.

전통 문화재 경량 목조 건축물의 유형개발에 관한 연구

문종욱 문화재방재학회 2018 문화재방재학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

국내의 RC조 및 S조 건축물의 비환경적 주거환경에 대한 대안으로서 목조 건축물들에 대한 자연 친화 적 해결책 마련과 우리의 기후, 환경에 적합한 목조 건축물 계획의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 목재의 자연 친화적 재료로서의 적합성, 목조의 유형별 특성, 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 특성을 고찰하고, 우리의 기후 및 환경에 적합하며 현실적 적용 가능성을 갖는 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 적용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. As an alternative to the residential environment of the RC and S structures in Korea, it is necessary to prepare natural-friendly solutions for wooden buildings and to plan wooden structures suitable for our climate and environment. Therefore, this study considered the suitability of wood as a natural material, the characteristics of each type of wood, the nature of wooden structures, and the practical application of wooden structures. Through this, the natural sustainable life structure development plan reduces the use of wood, reduces the damage to the surrounding environment during construction, and reduces the amount of waste material that can be made by the construction process. Also, the use of assembly method and the use of wood for reducing environmental waste through the recycling of wood with poor characteristics, small road surface, and waste materials.

목조단독주택의 구법적인 지역차에 관한 조사연구

히라이 켄지(Hirai Kenji),코마츠 유키오(Komatsu Yukio) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

According to Survey Results of the 2003 Housing and Land Survey, In Japan, there are about 47million dwelling houses and more than half of them are detached houses made of wood (about 25million). In Japan, most of the home buildings are made of wood and are by the conventional method of construction or the wood frame construction. It has been said that there are some differences between localities. Japanese life style has westernized and material distribution system has developed, we need to study about the differences again. In this study, with the cooperation of the Fixed Property Tax of the Local Tax of Bureau Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and 10cities(Sapporo, Aomori, Niigata, Mito, Gifu, Toyama, Kobe, Hiroshima, Takamatsu, Miyazaki), we study about some differences by comparing fixed cases in terms of building construction. These days in Japan, as a way of a supply of home buildings is more variable and Japanese life style is westernized, we can't find definite local characteristics of wooden home buildings easily like before. Especially it is not easy to find characteristics of inside buildings, interior walls, ceilings, floors and so on. But we can also find some obvious differences of floor space, roofs, exterior walls, and so on influenced by situations of building estates and climate. Through this study, we can say that the differences of wooden home buildings between localities are seen more obviously in terms of exteriors than interiors.

농촌주택 표준설계도서 목조 주택의 토사재해 취약성 평가

김혁(Kim, Hyuk),이동현(Lee, Dong-Hyeon),정명후(Jeong, Myeong-Hoo),이창환(Lee, Chang-Hwan),박민재(Park, Min Jae) 대한건축학회 2024 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

Heating Energy Performance Evaluation of Standard Wood Frame Houses and Hanok by Regional Groups Using Passive House Planning Package (PHPP)

Lee Hwayoung(이화영),Chang Seong Jin(장성진),Kang Yujin(강유진),Kim Sumin(김수민) 한국태양에너지학회 2016 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

국내 목조주택 표준모델의 난방에너지성능 분석

이정훈(Lee, Jeonghun),최정만(Choi, Jeongman) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.8

Over the past decade, the demand for wood frame house has been consistently increased due to their environmental performance and comfortable indoor air quality. In this study, the annual heating energy demands of standard models for light-weight wood frame houses were analyzed to confirm the energy performance of supplied wood frame houses in Korea. The standard rural house and low-energy standard house were compared. As a result, the annual heating energy demands were most influenced by the difference of configuration of exterior envelope. The simulation results showed that annual heating energy demands of standard rural house were 103.9 kWh/㎡a (A-type), 111.7 kWh/㎡a (B-type) and the value of low-energy standard house was 48.3 kWh/㎡a. The most significant heat loss of standard rural house was transmission heat loss of windows even it has area of 11.44㎡. In addition, the annual heating demands were changed according to local weather data and air-tightness performance.

친환경적 관점의 단지형 도시근교주택 계획에 관한 연구

변재영(Byun, Jay-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.1

In South Korea, many people live in apartment complexes in these days. However, they have childhood memories sticking in their mind living in a house. A lots of people have homing instinct that is to live in a house with a yard. The project undertaken for this thesis is to design a suburban housing complex in Pangyo, Seongnam. The site is consist of 14 housing, sizes ranging from 95 to 99 pyong on 180 to 200 pyong lot. Wood frame housing, especially 2 by 4 construction, are economical to build, heat and cool, and provide maximum comfort to occupants. Wood construction is readily adaptable to traditional, contemporary and the most futuristic building styles. Its architectural possibilities are limitless. Planing of spaces was based on spatial division and circulation, which characterizes the functional part of each space. I tried to provide a space that gives out unified feeling along with comfortable, tempered and elegant atmosphere by harmonizing the attributes and colors of various kinds of ecological finish material in each space. It represents orientalism and modernism that minimized the decorative element, offering a feel of humanity through the use of natural materials.

전원형 목조주택 건축계획에 관한 연구

이동진(Lee, Dong-Jin),김동훈(Kim, Dong-Hoon) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

As part of the national energy policy, insulation standards are being strengthened on a regular basis. Passive House and Zero Energy House are attracting much attention at home. However, Passive House has an economic burden due to rising construction costs. Super-E® is a residential program that applies R-2000 in Canada to overseas markets and climatic conditions and can be optimized for single-family homes, duplex house, townhouses and low-rise residential units. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technical requirements of Super-E® in Canada and contribute to the development of domestic wooden houses.