농촌주택 및 목조주택 표준모델 구조체의 습·열 환경 성능 개선 방안

유동완,이태구 한국농촌건축학회 2021 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the standard models for rural housing and wooden housing model have performance for hygrothermal and to propose a way of improvement relevant to hygrothermal performance for those models. All of the models to be analyzed were found to have some parts that were absent of stability in terms of performance for hygrothermal. In the process of analyzing the causes and proposing improvement measures, the following conclusions were derived. Fist, The exterior surface of the structure should be composed of a structure with good moisture permeability, and for the interior surface, a variable vapor retarder paper should be applied in consideration of the reverse condensation phenomenon in summer. Second, in terms of performance for hygrothermal, applications of external insulation plaster finish to the exterior wall or of ventilation method using a rafter vent on the roof should be avoided. Third, a rain screen method with a ventilation layer should be applied to the exterior wall, and a method of constructing ventilation layer separated from the insulation layer with a vapor retarder paper should be applied to the roof. Fourth, the application of insulation materials having capillary action, such as wood fiber insulation board or cellulose insulation board, contributes to more stable performance for hygrothermal.

전통 문화재 경량 목조 건축물의 유형개발에 관한 연구

문종욱 문화재방재학회 2018 문화재방재학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

국내의 RC조 및 S조 건축물의 비환경적 주거환경에 대한 대안으로서 목조 건축물들에 대한 자연 친화 적 해결책 마련과 우리의 기후, 환경에 적합한 목조 건축물 계획의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 목재의 자연 친화적 재료로서의 적합성, 목조의 유형별 특성, 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 특성을 고찰하고, 우리의 기후 및 환경에 적합하며 현실적 적용 가능성을 갖는 목조 건축물의 자연 친화적 적용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. As an alternative to the residential environment of the RC and S structures in Korea, it is necessary to prepare natural-friendly solutions for wooden buildings and to plan wooden structures suitable for our climate and environment. Therefore, this study considered the suitability of wood as a natural material, the characteristics of each type of wood, the nature of wooden structures, and the practical application of wooden structures. Through this, the natural sustainable life structure development plan reduces the use of wood, reduces the damage to the surrounding environment during construction, and reduces the amount of waste material that can be made by the construction process. Also, the use of assembly method and the use of wood for reducing environmental waste through the recycling of wood with poor characteristics, small road surface, and waste materials.

전과정평가(LCA)를 이용한 건축자재별 환경영향 비교 분석_건축용 목재 및 콘크리트 종류별 중심으로

권순길,장윤성,최환호 대한환경공학회 2024 대한환경공학회지 Vol.46 No.10

목적:건설분야는 탄소중립 실현에 있어서 상당히 중요한 부문을 차지한다. 현대 사회에서의 건축은 빠른 속도로 성장하였고, 시멘트 및 콘크리트 등 기초자재는 건축 발전에 커다란 일조를 하였다. 이러한 자재들은 원료채취나 생산과정에서 다량의 지구온난화물질이 배출되어 심각한 환경오염을 일으키고 있다. 이에 지구온난화를 늦추기 위한 탄소저감 대책 전략 수립을 위하여 건축자재별로 환경영향을 비교하여 현 시점을 보여주고자 하였다. 방법:국립산림과학원에 위치한 2층 구조인 목조주택(건축면적 128.67m2, 연면적 235.73m2)을 대상으로 투입된 건설자재에 대한 LCI DB를 추출하였다. 이에 전과정평가 방법론을 통해 원료채취, 자재생산, 수송단계까지 소모되는 자원을 LCA 수행이 가능한 데이터로 가공 후 진행하였다. 이에 환경성적표지 영향평가방법을 기준으로 실제 투입된 주요 건축자재에 대한 환경영향범주 및 타 건축자재 비교 등 연구를 수행하였다. 결과 및 토의:목조주택에 투입된 콘크리트[25-21-120] 및 건축용 목재의 환경영향 분석시, 제조단계에 비해 제조전단계에서 평균 98.79%로 환경영향이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 콘크리트를 건축용 목재로 대체시 1 m3당 62.21 kg CO2-eq의 저감 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 시나리오를 통해 전면 목재로 대체시 최대 36%까지 탄소저감 효과가 있었다. 그 외 추가적으로 주요 건축자재별로 환경영향을 정량적으로 수치화하였다. 결론:목조주택 건축시, 목재 사용량만큼 콘크리트 사용량 절감은 온실가스 감축효과가 기대되므로 콘크리트를 대체할 생산공정에서부터 생산 이후 단계까지 건축용 목재의 활성화가 필요한 시점이다. 추가적으로 시공 시 환경영향이 낮은 건축기술 개발에 대한 후속 연구도 이어져야 하겠다. 본 연구는 콘크리트를 건축용 목재로 대체시 m3당 CO2 저감량을 정량화했다는 정량적인 결과와 주요 건설 자재별로 6대 환경영향범주를 수치적으로 비교 분석하였다는 점에서 추후 건설 분야의 R&D 및 정책에 대한 유용한 지표로 활용될 것으로 사료된다. Objectives:The construction sector is a very important sector in achieving carbon neutrality. In modern society, construction has grown rapidly, and basic materials such as cement and concrete have contributed greatly to the development of construction. These materials emit a large amount of global warming substances during the raw material extraction and production process, causing serious environmental pollution. In order to establish a carbon reduction strategy to slow down global warming, we compared the environmental impacts of each building material and showed the current situation. Methods:The LCI DB for the construction materials used in the two-story wooden house (Building area 128.67m2, total floor area 235.73m2) located in the National Institute of Forest Science was extracted. Then, the data for LCA was processed and performed through the life cycle assessment methodology for the resources consumed from raw material collection, material production, and transportation stages. Then, based on the environmental performance labeling impact assessment method, a study was conducted on the environmental impact categories of the actual construction materials used and comparisons with other construction materials. Results and Discussion:When analyzing the environmental impact of concrete [25-21-120] and construction wood used in wooden house, the environmental impact was found to be 98.79% higher on average in the pre-manufacturing stage than in the manufacturing stage, and construction wood was confirmed to have a reduction effect of 62.21 kg CO2-eq per 1 m3 compared to concrete. Through the scenario, there was a carbon reduction effect of up to 36% when the entire area was replaced with wood. In addition, the environmental impact by major construction material was quantitatively quantified. Conclusion:When building a wooden house, reducing the amount of concrete equivalent to the amount of wood is expected to have a greenhouse gas reduction effect, so it is time to activate construction wood from the production process to the post-production stage to replace concrete. In addition, follow-up research on the development of construction technology with low environmental impact during construction should be continued. This study is expected to be used as a useful indicator for R&D and policies in the construction field in the future, as it quantitatively quantified the amount of CO2 reduction per m3 when replacing concrete with construction wood and numerically compared and analyzed six major environmental impact categories by major construction materials.

전통 문화재 경량 목조 건축물의 유형개발에 관한 연구

문종욱 국가유산방재학회(구 문화재방재학회) 2018 문화재방재학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

국내 목조주택 표준모델의 난방에너지성능 분석

이정훈(Lee, Jeonghun),최정만(Choi, Jeongman) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.8

Over the past decade, the demand for wood frame house has been consistently increased due to their environmental performance and comfortable indoor air quality. In this study, the annual heating energy demands of standard models for light-weight wood frame houses were analyzed to confirm the energy performance of supplied wood frame houses in Korea. The standard rural house and low-energy standard house were compared. As a result, the annual heating energy demands were most influenced by the difference of configuration of exterior envelope. The simulation results showed that annual heating energy demands of standard rural house were 103.9 kWh/㎡a (A-type), 111.7 kWh/㎡a (B-type) and the value of low-energy standard house was 48.3 kWh/㎡a. The most significant heat loss of standard rural house was transmission heat loss of windows even it has area of 11.44㎡. In addition, the annual heating demands were changed according to local weather data and air-tightness performance.

목조주택(2″×4″) 공간구성 및 시공성에 관한연구

김병길(Kim, Byoung-Gil),김기수(Kim, Gi-Su) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.36 No.2

목조주택 모형개발을 위한 평면모듈 설정에 대한 연구 - 기둥-보 방식 구조를 중심으로 -

강만호,주석중,김재덕,Kang, Man-Ho,Joo, Seok-Joong,Kim, Jae-Deok 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

In this research, to develope wooden house model with post & beam structure which is commensurate with domestic environment, we analyzed the size and module of a unit space and space organization of existing habitation, then, based on the result, we tried to suggest general wood house modules. For this, we investigated 98 floor plans for 30 pyeong apartment in Seoul, Gyounggi-do, Gwangju, and Jeolla-do. The results are showed as follows. 1) It has shown that 7 posts distances are available in 2 bay floor plan type - 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 3.9 m, 4.2 m, 4.5 m, and 4.8 m. 2) It has shown that 8 posts distances are available in 3 bay floor plan type - 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 3.9 m, 4.2 m, 4.5 m, 4.8 m, and 5.1 m. It was concluded as follows, applying the standard of regulations of horizontal modular coordination design, from $\ulcorner$the standard of modular coordination design in architecture(KSF 1525)$\lrcorner$. 1) The available widths are 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 4.2 m, and 4.8 m, and the available depths are 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, and 4.2 m. 2) To guarantee a space through post module of a room combination, we can use a module of 3.6 m, 4.2 m, 4.8 m except 3.0 m, 3.3 m among available modules. The module investigated in post & beam structure wooden house is applied in basic 6 floor plans as follows. 1) When organize the room on the basis of tile module of 3.6 m, 4.2 m, it was possible to organize the floor plan. 2) After arranging main room, making practical application of variableness which is advantage of post & beam structure, putting to practical use of extra space that becomes the combination of atypical room such as kitchen, dining room, and bathroom, it was possible to organize the floor plan of the residence. 3) It is possible to organize whole rooms through the plan module from 3.6 m to 4.2 m, that decides the floor plan of a wooden house.

목조단독주택의 구법적인 지역차에 관한 조사연구

히라이 켄지(Hirai Kenji),코마츠 유키오(Komatsu Yukio) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

According to Survey Results of the 2003 Housing and Land Survey, In Japan, there are about 47million dwelling houses and more than half of them are detached houses made of wood (about 25million). In Japan, most of the home buildings are made of wood and are by the conventional method of construction or the wood frame construction. It has been said that there are some differences between localities. Japanese life style has westernized and material distribution system has developed, we need to study about the differences again. In this study, with the cooperation of the Fixed Property Tax of the Local Tax of Bureau Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and 10cities(Sapporo, Aomori, Niigata, Mito, Gifu, Toyama, Kobe, Hiroshima, Takamatsu, Miyazaki), we study about some differences by comparing fixed cases in terms of building construction. These days in Japan, as a way of a supply of home buildings is more variable and Japanese life style is westernized, we can't find definite local characteristics of wooden home buildings easily like before. Especially it is not easy to find characteristics of inside buildings, interior walls, ceilings, floors and so on. But we can also find some obvious differences of floor space, roofs, exterior walls, and so on influenced by situations of building estates and climate. Through this study, we can say that the differences of wooden home buildings between localities are seen more obviously in terms of exteriors than interiors.

친환경적 관점의 단지형 도시근교주택 계획에 관한 연구

변재영(Byun, Jay-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.1

In South Korea, many people live in apartment complexes in these days. However, they have childhood memories sticking in their mind living in a house. A lots of people have homing instinct that is to live in a house with a yard. The project undertaken for this thesis is to design a suburban housing complex in Pangyo, Seongnam. The site is consist of 14 housing, sizes ranging from 95 to 99 pyong on 180 to 200 pyong lot. Wood frame housing, especially 2 by 4 construction, are economical to build, heat and cool, and provide maximum comfort to occupants. Wood construction is readily adaptable to traditional, contemporary and the most futuristic building styles. Its architectural possibilities are limitless. Planing of spaces was based on spatial division and circulation, which characterizes the functional part of each space. I tried to provide a space that gives out unified feeling along with comfortable, tempered and elegant atmosphere by harmonizing the attributes and colors of various kinds of ecological finish material in each space. It represents orientalism and modernism that minimized the decorative element, offering a feel of humanity through the use of natural materials.

일본에 빈집이 많은 이유와 시사점

김수현(Soo-hyun Kim) 한국주택학회 2021 주택연구 Vol.29 No.1

Japan is the country with the largest number of vacant houses in the world. As of 2018, 8.49 million houses (13.6% of all housing) are empty. As a result, the Japanese government is preparing countermeasures to resolve the vacant housing issue as the top priority of the housing policy. However, the issue of vacant housing in Japan cannot be interpreted mainly as a result of social changes, such as low birth rate, aging population, regional decline, and consumer preference change. We can raise doubts about the fact that the Japanese economic system is structuring the overproduction of houses. As the background of this oversupply, Japan’s high dependence on the construction industry, housing systems with reduced public roles, deepening polarization, and excess liquidity are presented. Under these influences, the expansion of urban development continues, and the oversupply of new houses, such as private rental housing, occurs. Of course, the special circumstances of wooden houses vulnerable to disasters should also be considered. In terms of the housing market alone, it is unlikely that Korea will immediately follow Japan’s path. However, as a country with a similar housing system, we also need to be wary of oversupply and bubble formation, while also improving the existing housing against changes in consumer preferences.