중일전쟁 이후 일제의 출판 · 독서 통제

이중연 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2005 한국문화연구 Vol.8 No.-

이 글은 일제 파시즘체제기 조선의 출판 · 독서문화 이해의 우선 조건인 출판 · 독서 통제의 출현과정을 究明한다. 중일전쟁 후 조선총독부 경무국 도서과는 검열을 강화하면서도 검열 방침을 ‘소극적 금지’에서 ‘적극적 助長’으로 바꾸어 전쟁협력 도서를 많이 출판하도록 조선 출판계의 동원을 강제했다. 1938년 말부터 1939년 8월 사이에 도서과가 공표 · 기획 · 주도한 출판관련 제반 정책 · 행사, 곧 통제방침의 강화, 일제 전쟁문학서의 번역 · 보급, 일본군 위문사절, 문인 · 출판인 간담회 등을 통해 조선의 출판계는 전쟁동원을 위한 통제에 긴박되었다. 출판통제는 독서통제로 이어졌다. 독서의 자유는 공개적으로 부정되었고 금서조처 · 압수의 강화와 ‘焚書祭’를 통한 서적말살책, 나아가 전쟁동원 서적의 보급을 통해 독서인의 독서행위는 일제의 독서통제에 구속되었다. This paper investigates the appearance process of publication & reading control of the imperial Japan after the beginning of Sino-Japanese War(1937-1945). The book management section of the police administration bureau of the Government-General of Chosun[BPC: 朝鮮總督府 警務局 圖書課] planned the publication control and carried out it. That was not only censoring, determining and confiscating the banned books, but also forcing the Korean publishing circles to publish the book to cooperate with Japanese Imperialism. At the end of 1938, the BPC declared openly two plans. One is the publication control and the other the distribution of the Japanese book about war. In April of 1939, under the control of BPC, Korean publishers were forced to take part in the mission of Korean literary men to visit Japanese army[皇軍慰問 朝鮮文壇使節], and in Sept. had to publish the book to propagandize war. The BPC had an informal gathering for discussion of Korean literary men and publishers in July of 1939, and ordered them to mobilize Korean publication. Through the BPC's plan of publication control and carrying out it in the years of 1938-1939, Korean publishing circles had to come under the rule of imperial Japan. And the Government-General of Chosun deny the liberty of reading. The police administration bureau determined and confiscated many banned books, and in Aug. of 1939 executed the book burning event[焚書祭]. On the contrary, the books to propagandize war were became wide-spread. Eventually Korean readers were forced to read principally the books cooperating with Japanese Imperialism.

聱漢 孫起陽의 文學認識과 文學的 形象化 方式

鄭羽洛(Jeong Woo-lak) 한국어문학회 2008 語文學 Vol.0 No.102

The purpose of this study is to identify how war and daily life are embodied in his works according to Son Ki-yang(孫起陽)'s recognition of literature, and to consider the achievement and value of his works. Son's recognition of literature can be classified into theory of essence and theory of creation in literature, according to 『Bae-Min-Soe-lok(排悶鎖錄)』, his siwha(詩話). The fact he was interested in siwha indicates that he thought literature was not a mere taste. Son argued that the essence of literature lies in self-cultivation effectiveness. This may be because Son sufficiently recognized the literary theory of Confucianism. As for theory of creation in literature, Son particularly valued experience and self-realization, but he also spoke well of theory of modification, which indicates 'being self' of verses of the ancients and which he applied to his works specifically. This tendency can be verified by the fact that his poetry was cited of verses of Tu Fu(杜甫) and So Sik(蘇軾) and was superior in other aspects. Besides, that his works were full of zeitgeis with their pungent satires should be considered to be significant factor related to theory of contents in his works. Son's works were classified into two aspects: embodiment of war and embodiment of daily life. The former is shown as dreadfulness of war, refuge, specific experience of war, and post-war landscape. The description of war in his works may be achieved through mingling of his literary talent and recognition of reality. Meanwhile, the embodiment of daily life is shown as reading, studying, landscape sightseeing, and remembrance of ancient sages. He continued his reading and studying, describing his own interest in landscape in his works entirely. After the war, he displayed various activities and obatined favorble results for remembrance of ancient sages including Kim Jong-jik(金宗直) in order to promote studying. The achievement and value of Son's works are obtained from the peculiar situation of war and war-related shocks affecting daily life. The war stirred up Son's life in whole, but he faithfully performed the basic life as a man of noble birth including reading and studying. In particular, the significant achievement and value of his works may lie in the facts: that he discovered the homogeneity between mountain sightseeing and literature as Lee Hwang(李滉) and Jung Gu(鄭迷) did, who served as his source of ethics; that he did not abandon hope for the future in the midst of the suffering in real life; that he showed the characteristics of literature in the areas of Nakdong River with acquiring Tu Fu(杜甫)'s poetry actively; that he realized a model of war literature by thorough embodiment of solitude; and that he captured human love revealed in crises and embodied it in his works.

미국 문식성 교육의 동향과 쟁점들 -어떤 힘에도 움직이지 않는 대상과 무엇도 저항할 수 없는 힘이 만났을 때

마이클매케나 ( Michael C. Mckenna ),장봉기 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2011 한국어문교육 Vol.10 No.-

An old riddle asks, what happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable object? There is no answer, of course, because the apparent paradox is really a matter of semantics. If there truly were an immovable object, then by definition no force would he irresistible (and vice versa). And yet, I argue that something approaching this situation has characterized American literacy instruction for the past half century. In America, the immovable object is the intractable problem of a large percentage of students who struggle to attain proficiency. The irresistible forces are a series of federal (and other) initiatives designed to solve this problem, and in doing so bring the struggling population of young readers up to the standards required for successful careers. For my part, I have been directly involved in many of these initiatives, and, together with my colleagues, 1 have long endeavored to keep my finger on the pulse of how these efforts have fared. The result has been five successive editions of a book called Issues and trends in literacy education.

부산 피난학교 시절 어느 고등학생의 일상과 독서모임

이옥부 ( Lee Ok Boo ) 한국교육사학회 2021 한국교육사학 Vol.43 No.1

This study aims to represent the various and dynamic narratives of the Korean War period that have been overlooked by paying attention to the daily lives and intellectual journeys of high school students at Busan Refuge School. K, who had attended an refuge school, established a book club in 1953. In addition to students from the same school, students from several nearby evacuation schools participated in the meeting, surprisingly, what was discussed was more about the future, ideals, and to put them into practice than about war. Furthermore, in order to share their thoughts, they printed a paper and distributed it around them. In addition, one met many people through various extracurricular activities and shared one's thoughts on the future through discussions. The experience and choice of these individuals in refuge schools and the Busan Wartime Capital are facts that are difficult to capture by the current official narrative alone. Pointing to these limitations, the study notes students' choice, determination, and dynamics to overcome the tension and socio-cultural control caused by the war, while evaluating them as assets that created a new future for Korean society in the future. Of the vast archives produced and handed down by the K throughout his life, only the Korean War period is extracted, but this will be the first study using his vast archive.

신문에서 보는 제국 일본의 국가이상 -메이지 시대를 중심으로-

송석원 ( Seok Won Song ) 현대일본학회 2010 일본연구논총 Vol.31 No.-

A journey to modernize Japan is said to be as same as westernize itself. Japan is the only one among the non-western countries not only has taken a path to westernize but has successfully became a westernized country in a rapid way. Also, as a member of imperialism, Japan has competed with the West during the whole period of the Sino-Japanese War and the Asia-Pacific War. In the process, their ideal type of nation, Japanese imperialism, has been disseminated and strengthened through various kinds of the culture media. Particularly, the print media like newspapers and magazines had a profound impact on diffusing the concept of imperialism more extensively, systematically, and faster than any of other culture media did. Moreover, a distribution process of newspapers and magazines enables the nation to create so-called reading public and even includes a national goal in their formative period of imperialism. The national goal towards imperialism was to build a software system which contains a railroad and road network so that it leads to make it possible to be reading public. This article first discusses how papers and magazines have been highlighted as representative culture media and then, analyzes a role of the print media as a distributor of the national goal, especially focused on newspapers.