여성언어의 보편성과 매개변인화

우윤식 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

Women and men do nor speak in exactly the same way as each other in any speech community and the linguistic behavior of women and men differ. It is claimed women are more linguistically polite than men and that women and men emphasize different speech functions. The many researches on the differences between women and men has been conducted in many ways since Lakoff(1973, 1975) identified the following linguistic features of women's speech. (1) a. Lexical hedges or fillers such as you know, sort of well, you see. b. Tag questions c. Raising intonation on declaratives d. Empty adjectives such as divine, charming , cute e. Precise color terms such as magenta, aquamarine f. Intensifiers such as just and so. g. Hypercorrect grammar, e.g. consistent use of standard forms h. Superpolite forms i. Avoidance of strong swear words such as fudge, fuck, my goodness j. Emphatic Stress Much of this initial research was criticized as abstract, artificial and methodologically unsatisfactory because Lakoff's claims were based on her own intuitions and observations. which sparked off a spate of research. In this context, this paper aimed at exploring Holmes'(2000) sociolinguistic universals or generalizations with respect to the different behaviors of women and men and the possibility that each universals can be parameterized. As a result, each universal shown in (42) has been found to be able to be parameterized. But language as a liguistic, sicial and cultural phenomenon is a composite entity and can not be simply and clearly parameterized. Therefore I think that the task of paramerterizing the sociolinguistic universals can be carried out fully with the help of the theory and the findings of sociology and anthropology.

마인어 학습 방법론 소고 : Focused on Dialect of Jakarta 바하사 자까르따를 중심으로

강경석 부산외국어대학교 어문학연구소 2001 外大語文論集 Vol.16 No.-

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan suatu care hendak mempelajari bahasa melayu-indonesia. Di dalam makalah ini diterangkan bagaimana caranya seorang pelajar di jurusan melayu-indonesia itu boleh mempelajari bahasa melayu, bahasa malaysia, bahasa indonesia dan bahasa jakarata atau yang disebut dialek jakarta. Untuk menulis makalah yang seringkas ini penulis mendapat berbagai-bagai kesusahan, misalnya pendapatan bahan rujukan yang sepadan dengan topik ini. Walau bagaimanapun, sebuah kames yang bertajuk "Kamus Dialek Jakarta"yang tersusun oleh Abdul Chaer. Kamus ini bukan sebuah buku tatabahasa yang menerangkan seluk-beluknya bahasa Indonesia, khususnya dialek jakarata. Oleh yang demikian, penulis cuba menggunakan satu cara rekonstruksi, iaitu suatu tiara yang membuat satu tatabahasa sementara dengan melihat perbendaharaan data atau keterangan. Dengan demikian makalah ini ditulis sebagai satu percubaan yang pefama di Korea ini. Memang diketahui bahawa percubaan ini sama ada isinya ataupun kerangkannya boleh dianggap sebagai satu titik permulaan di bidang ini boleh ditteruskan lagi oleh penulis yang lain juga.

1930년대 재일 한국인의 일어시 연구

박경수 부산외국어대학교 어문학연구소 2001 外大語文論集 Vol.16 No.-

This study is to grasp the meaning and the characteristics of Korean poets' poems which were written in Japanese in Japan in the 1930's, For this, I first examined works of Baek, Cheol and Kim, Yong-jae who were actively engaged in Japanese leftist literary circles and published so many pieces of proletarian poetry. Next I exaamined Ju, Yeung-seob and others' poems which had the contrast characteristics against the former. Baek, Cheol became a member of Japanese vanguard poets' group and after was engaged in NAPF with Kim, Yong-jae in the early of 1930's. Most of his poems in Japanese were the works of narrative poetry which described the concrete facts of Korean life in the colonial period. In this point, I can insist that his poems have the poetic reality and the national identity even if they have the leftist inclinations of Marxism and the boundary of Japanese language usage. What is specially noteworthy once more is that he wrote a new poetic form named 'Shufreih-Call' which was a sort of dramatic poems. It showed us a possibility that could overcome the weakness of a proletarian poetry. Kim, Yong-jae played an important role in Japanese leftist literary group called NAPF and NALUP, and published proletarian poems more than 30 pieces. His poems have many points of likeness to Baek, Cheol's, but express the socialism of a class strugle more strongly than Baek, Cheol's. Nevertheless his poems as like 〈the Strait of Korea〉, 〈the border〉, 〈My lovely continent〉, and 〈Arirang of spring〉 expressed very impressively the poetic reality and the national identity. On the other hand, Ju, Yeung-seob and some others' poems, which were published in the latter of the 1930's, showed us very contrast features against Baek and Kim's. Their poems glorified the civilization of science, or meditated the nature, or distorted and caricatured the reality of life. So they lost not only the poetic reality but also their national identity. Of course, we need to consider that these poems were published under the very oppressive measure on public opinion at that time.

버나드 쑈의 『비탄의 집(Heartbreak House)』연구

박성환 부산외국어대학교 어문학연구소 2001 外大語文論集 Vol.16 No.-

G. B. Shaw started Heartbreak House, one of his greatest plays, in 1913 in a moment that looked peaceful enough to ordinary people. Europe had not known a continent-wide convulsion since the time of Napoleon. But Shaw saw clearly that behind the calm, the intensification of international hatred, fear, and envy was causing a slow but dangerous drift toward war. When he began to write the play, his premonitions were of the direst, and there is an ominous undercurrent in the Captain Shotover's electrically charged warnings in the play. As Shotover is Shaw, we see in his age, obsolescence, and impotence the playwright's profound agony at his own insignificance and powerlessness in the face of the brutal realities of World War I. It is a play of great imaginative power and intellectual range, and its portrait of cultured, leisured Europe before the war includes some of Shaw's most astringent and uncompromising social criticism. The play confronts darkness and violence and the shattering of illusions in an unflinching exhilarated mood. Although some positive affirmations are discernible in its overall vision, they appear in a context of fiercely negative and destructive feeling. Heartbreak House is a work which clearly reflects the new dimensions of disorder and violence which were brought into being by the First World War. The War clearly had a profound influence on the themes and atmosphere of the play. It can be interpreted as a warning to the contemporary cultured middle class, of the dangers inherent in their isolation of themselves from the source of power in society. Trapped in barren fancies, they are beyond understanding Shotover's distinction between the genuine happiness that comes from facing life's challenges bravely and the accursed happiness of an escapism that leaves its possessors only half alive. They are too egoistical to conceive that their own self-interest is more than a purely private matter. The despair of 'Heartbreak House' lies in the fear that those of noble and cultured sensibilities have lost their dynamism, and that the vacuum has been filled by ignoble, self-centered, materialistic seekers of power or guardians of a mindless status quo. In prizing human values and culture, 'Heartbreak House' assumes that society must above all be honest and free, allowing each man's genius to express itself openly and without intimidation. What the old Captain Shotover is seeking is what Shaw has always been seeking, like Plato before him: a way of uniting wisdom and power. The Fabians had tried to make the men of power wise. But the men of power preferred a world war to the world's wisdom. Shotover has given them up as hopeless. This paper concludes that 'heartbreak' has great potential if it brings an end to the pursuit of illusion, especially illusion founded on self-interest, because only by reversing the spiritually consuming whirlpool of egocentricity can the soul awaken to the broader consciousness of life and reality.

≪문학≫교재에 수록된 <서울, 1964년 겨울>의 독해 지도 연구

류종렬 부산외국어대학교 어문학연구소 2001 外大語文論集 Vol.16 No.-

The work 〈Seoul, Winter of 1964〉 in High School's Literature Textbook was analysed from a viewpoint of teaching reading comprehension. The purpose is to explain the work and to provide a guide to good reading comprehension in the actual teaching field. The results are as follows: First, this novel is well situated in the textbook. The general characteristics of the novel are discussed in the textbook. To understand the theme, characters, point of view, style, tone of the work as the aim of teaching this work is appropriate, also. However the characteristics of the modern novel could be explained more concretely here. Second, the title of this work makes us think of the dark and sullen events which broke out in the very cold winter of 1964 in the modernized Seoul city under the military authorities's rule. The background, Seoul as a symbol of modernization in capitalism, and the time, the winter night in 1964, is established in the work. The year 1964 implies more the economic and social meaning that was the beginning of the capitalistic modernization and industrialization, rather than the political meaning that was the 3rd Republic Ruling Times by the 5.15 military coup. The winter night implies the sullen and desperate mood. Seoul is depicted as symbolic city of modernized capitalism. But such a background of time and space represents the image which refers to the dark and desperate mood of the Seoul night streets and is not the actual objective and concrete world. That is, the background is only the setting in which characters talk each other. Third, an important event or action, which we generally can see in the modern novel, is not found in the development of plot. Therefore it is difficult to explain the plot with the 5 step theory. It is organized as pub→chinese restaurant→fire scene→inn, and is a dispersed plot with the disconnected episodes paralleled in the epic space. Fourth, the characters of the work can be read out if we understand their inner world through their dialogue and actions. They are the speaker 'I', 'Ann', and 'Sanae', who are all characters estranged from the capitalistic real world. This is shown through anonymity, materialism, non-orientation, uncertainty. Next, these three characters are explained as follows. 'Ann' is an individualist and pessimistic nihilist who only pursues her life far from the actual world. 'Sanae' is a poor person of petty bourgeois background, who kills himself because of his extremely estranged feeling. 'I' is an in-between with no certainty and is more opportunistic than the other two characters. Because the explanation of the characters in the textbook is problematic, the characters were treated more concretely in the main body of this thesis. In the presentation of characters the author describes them directly in the first part, and describes them indirectly through their dialogue and action in the second part. Fifth, the point of view is from the first person's viewpoint. For style the work uses dialogue than narration or description, uses up-to-date and daily language and metaphorical and symbolic language. Simple and complex sentences are used alternatively But the style is nearer to the translation of the western sentences than traditional Korean. A sarcastic tone permeates the novel. Sixth, the meaning of the work is to show the estranged and isolated human relationships in 1960s' in Seoul. Here we can see people who were living day by day without any aim in life at the time when the industrialization of capitalism began.

언어연구와 페미니즘 이해

김귀순 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

Feminist views on language are diverse. This reflects on the political differences that have always existed within feminism, and the great proliferation for discourse-intellectual traditions, theoretical frameworks, academic disciplines - in which language itself is discussed. In this paper, we would like to show that feminist views on language are complex, and to quide the reader through that complexity, suggesting some frameworks, theoretical, historical and thematic, in which we can order and make sense of different feminist views. Finally, we tried to show that women and men behave differently in several communicative domains. Through communicative processes, cultural models of gender are both portrayed and reinforced, contributing to the socialization of females and males into their expected roles and also creating their ideas about themselves and each other.

대학 영어 읽기 교육의 개선을 위한 제언

김창호 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived effectiveness of English reading education at The Pusan University of Foreign Studies. It is also to identify current problems and suggest alternatives to these problems. This study discusses four approaches to the teaching of EFL reading: grammar-translation, comprehension questions, skills and strategies, and extensive reading. After brief descriptions of the first three, this study introduces extensive reading through a discussion of six principles. Extensive reading programs that incorporate the six principles are generally successful: their students become better readers; their attitude toward learning English improves; their motivation to learn English increases; and other aspects of English competency also improve. Six principles are: 1) The purpose of reading is usually related ton pleasure, information and general understanding, and the reading material is easy. 2) A variety of reading material on a wide range of topics is available. 3) Learners choose what they want to read 4) The teacher orients and guides the students, and he or she is a role model of a reader. 5) The teacher establishes a general framework based on pre-, during-, and post-reading instruction. 6) Reading instruction is implemented trough frequent small-group or cooperative activities.

여격보어의 통사·의미 분석

백 미혜리 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

Parmi les divers complements pre´positionnels de type "a`+SN", nous n'avons retenu ici que ceux ou` le N est "humain" et qui se pronominalisent en Ppv(Pronom pre´verbal ou clitique). Bien que ce type de complement puisse apparai^tre dans des constructions verbales sans complement d'objet, nous nous sommes limite´s ge´ne´ralement a` des formes N_(0)VN_(1)a`N_(2) dont la syntaxe et la se´mantique datives e´taient plus nettes. Nous avons englobe´ tous ces comple´ments a` SN humain et ces Ppv sous le terme de datif syntaxique. Et puis nous avons distingue´ plusieurs sous-cate´gories, ce que nous avons fait dans une deuxie`me partie. Nous nous sommes attache´s ensuite a` montrer que certains Ppv du me^me type posse´daient des caracte´ristiques tre`s particulie`res, tant du point de vue se´mantique que de leurs rapports, souvent peu claires, avec les complements a` SN. Dans cette etude, nous avons examine´ spe´cialement divers aspects de ce que les grammaires traditionnelles appellent ge´ne´ralement le datif "e´thique" et surtout ses divers sens dans la phrase. Enfin, nous avons observe´ le rapport entre les datifs et les pronoms personnels, et puis nous avons aussi vu que les conditions d'apparition de certains datifs e´taient lie´s a` la pre´sence de marques explicites pre´cisant les liens de la personne de´signe´e par le datif avec un actant du proce`s.

일반독어협회와 언어정화운동

김원 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

Die vorliegende Arbeit beabsichtigt, eine Analyse der Sprachreinigung des Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachvereins durchzufu¨hren und ihre Ergebnisse systematisch zu beschreiben. Im folgenden werden die Inhalt und die Ergebnisse der Arbeit kurz zusammengefasst: Nach dem siegreichen Feldzug gegen Frankreich 1870-1871 entstand in Deutschland das 2. Reich. In dieser Zeit wurde das Nationalgefu¨hl in den Vordergrund gestellt. Und die Sprachreinigung wurde wieder lebhaft diskutiert. Das charakteristische Merkmal der Sprachreinigung in der zweiten Ha¨lften des 19. Jahrhunderts war, dass die Sprachreinigungsbestrebungen im institutionellen und nationalen Umfang stattfanden, wahrend sie vorher vorwiegend individuelle Anliegen waren. In dieser Zeit spielte der Allgemeine Deutsche Sprachverein eine fu¨hrende Rolle. Hier waren Bu¨rger aus verschiedenen Schichten leidenschaftlich beteiligt. Die Ziele des Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachvereins waren: (1) die Reinigung der deutschen Sprache von unno¨tigen Fremdwo¨rtern. (2) die Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung des echten Geistes und eigentumlichen Wesens der deutschen Sprache, (3) die Kraftigung des allgemeinen nationalen Bewuβtseins im deutschen Volke etc. Die fu¨hrenden Vertreter des Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachvereins waren H. Riegel und H. Dunger. Diese beiden waren zwar u¨ber die Sprachreinigung nicht ganz einer Meinung , aber sie u¨bten durch ihre einander erga¨nzenden Auffassungen und Ta¨tigkeiten einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Sprachreinigung aus. Urn seine Ziele zu erreichen, u¨bte der Allgemeine Deutsche Sprachverein sehr verschiedene Ta¨tigkeiten aus, indem er beispielweise die Regierung um amtliche Unterstu¨tzung bat. Seine Ta¨tigkeiten lassen sich wie folgt zusammenstellen: (1) Herausgabe der Zeitschriften, (2) Herausgabe der Verdeutschungswo¨rterbu¨cher, (3) Fo¨rderungv der nationalen Teilnahme z.B. durch Preisausschreiben, (4) Fo¨rderung der institutionellen Unterstu¨tzung, (5) Aufforderung der Schullehrer zur Teilnahme an Sprachreinigung. Im Gegensatz zu ihren Vorga¨ngem haben die Vertreter der Sprachreinigung, die in der 2. Ha´lfte des 19. Jahrhunderts eine fu¨hrende Rolle spielten, nicht beabsichtigt, die Fremdwo¨rter schlechthin zu beseitigen. Sie wollten vielmehr die Lehnwo¨rter, d e fremden Fachwo¨rter und Fremdwo¨rter, die in der deutschen Sprache keinen entsprechenden Ausdruck finden, nicht zum Gegenstand der Sprachreinigung machen. Ihre Sprachreinigung zielte nur auf die entbehrlichen Fremdwo¨rter, die in allen Bereichen der deutschen Sprachen u¨berma¨βig auftauchen. Hier war H. Dunger sehr erfolgreich.

독일어 상태 동사의 의미 분석(Ⅰ)

김영길 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 2003 外大語文論集 Vol.18 No.-

Diese Arbeit versucht, die deutschen Zustandsverben semantisch zu klassifizieren und zu analysieren. Die deutschen Zustandsverben bezeichnen ein Zustand, ein Bestehen, ein Sein, ein Beharren und eine Ruhelage, also etwas als Bleibendes, sich nicht Vera¨nderndes am Subjekt haftet. Die deutschen Zustandsverben ko¨nnen semantisch in 6 Gruppen klassifiziert werden: 1. Pra¨dikative Zustandsverben 2. Lokal-relationale Zustandsverben 3. Temporal-relationale Zustandsverben 4. Possessive-relationale Zustandsverben 5. Modal-relationale Zustandsverben 6. Symmetrische Zustandsverben Zur weiteren Systematisierung ko¨nnen diese Bedeutungsgruppen in 6 Untergruppen subklassifiziert werden: a. Existenzverben, der "Grundtyp" der pra¨dikativen Zustandsverben b. Verben, die organische Zusta¨nde repra¨sentieren c. Verben, die ebenfalls organische Zusta¨nde darstellen, die jedoch im Gegensatz zu den normalen durch einen Defekt gekennzeichnet sind. d. Sogennante Formverben e. Verben der Lichterscheinungen, die zahlenma¨βig gro¨βte Gruppierung bilden f. Verben, die physikalisch-mechanische, elektrische, chemische Zusta¨nde sprachlich repra¨sentieren.