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Status of dosage compensation of X chromosome in bovine genome
Ka, S.,Ahn, H.,Seo, M.,Kim, H.,Kim, J. N.,Lee, H. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Genetica. Vol.144 No.4
<P>Dosage compensation system with X chromosome upregulation and inactivation have evolved to overcome the genetic imbalance between sex chromosomes in both male and female of mammals. Although recent development of chromosome-wide technologies has allowed us to test X upregulation, discrete data processing and analysis methods draw disparate conclusions. A series of expression studies revealed status of dosage compensation in some species belonging to monotremes, marsupials, rodents and primates. However, X upregulation in the Artiodactyla order including cattle have not been studied yet. In this study, we surveyed the genome-wide transcriptional upregulation in X chromosome in cattle RNAseq data using different gene filtration methods. Overall examination of RNA-seq data revealed that X chromosome in the pituitary gland expressed more genes than in other peripheral tissues, which was consistent with the previous results observed in human and mouse. When analyzed with globally expressed genes, a median X: A expression ratio was 0.94. The ratio of 1-to-1 ortholog genes between chicken and mammals, however, showed considerable reduction to 0.68. These results indicate that status of dosage compensation for cattle is not deviated from those found in rodents and primate, and this is consistent with the evolutionary history of cattle.</P>
Flak, Dorota,Chen, Qianli,Mun, Bongjin Simon,Liu, Zhi,Rę,kas, Mieczysław,Braun, Artur Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.455 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fundamental understanding of charge transfer reaction is essential for the surface and interface engineering of transition metal oxides. In this study the chemical reactivity towards oxygen and hydrogen (13 Pa) under applied thermal conditions (423–673 K), of two polymorphic forms of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles (γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) are investigated with the combination of <I>in situ</I> ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (AP-NEXAFS). Our data show that the reactivity of these two polymorphs has a similar character based on the contribution of oxygen vacancy defect states and related material non-stoichiometry. Their exposure to hydrogen at increased temperature results in both cases in the surface reduction. However, γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> exhibits more covalent character and undergoes the reduction preferentially with a contribution of metallic Fe<SUP>0</SUP> than Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, in contrast to α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Further, upon introduction of oxygen at low temperature of 423 K, rapid re-oxidation process takes place at the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles surface. Prepared γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanostructures exhibit in general high n-type and p-type sensor response towards hydrogen, respectively, in a wide concentrations range.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chemical reactivity investigation of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> polymorph NPs by <I>in situ</I> XPS and NEXAFS. </LI> <LI> Reactivity of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> polymorph NPs is based on the material non-stoichiometry. </LI> <LI> γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> more covalent than α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> in particular upon interaction with H<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> undergoes reduction preferentially with contribution of Fe<SUP>0</SUP> unlike α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Electronic structure changes of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs upon O<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> exposures are reversible. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Teppei Komiya ),( Takuma Maeda ),( Yuki Kajino ),( Hirofumi Nakayama ),( Takayuki Shimaoka ),( Takayuki Hirao ),( Shuji Watanabe ),( Makoto Takemoto ),( Naoya Maeda ),( Akiyuki Ukai ),( Fumihiro Kas 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1
Approximately 20% of solid waste in Japan is disposed of at coastal landfill sites. It is an issue that it takes long-term to stabilize coastal landfill sites. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA) is one of main wastes landfilled at coastal landfill sites. It is known that finer particles contain more contaminants in BA1), and it was demonstrated that the removal of finer particles from BA produced the lowering pH of leachate as well as the increase of permeability of the landfilled waste layer2). In this study, open channel (OC) classification was focused on as a feasible technique to remove finer particles from BA on a coastal landfill site, and its demonstrational experiment was carried out in order to clarify if the fine particle fraction (d<0.425mm) (FPF) could be removed from BA by OC classification and the settling characteristics of BA in OC. Fig. 1 shows the experimental apparatus. The sea water in a coastal landfill site was pumped up and flowed in OC, and BA is supplied on the surface of the flowing water. After completions of the settling and outflow of BA, saucers on the bottom of OC was collected, and the dry weight and particle size distribution of the BA sediment in each saucer were measured. Table 1 shows the experimental condition. The settling section means the part of OC from the BA supply point to the end of OC. Fig. 2 shows the removal ratio of FPF by OC classification, which is the ratio of the dry weight of FPF in the BA sediment to that in the BA supplied. The largest removal ratio was 61% in Case 3 with the largest water flow velocity and the shortest length of settling section. Fig. 3 shows the median of the settling velocity of BA in OC (MSV) compared with the theoretical settling velocity by Allen’s and Newton’s laws (TSV). The MSV of BA particles greater than 3mm was almost 50% of TSV, and MSV became closer to TSV as BA’s particle size became smaller. The MSV of BA particles with a diameter of 0.425mm was approximately 80% of TSV.