일 도시 여고생의 음주관련 요인에 관한 연구

김주형,김은경,김효정,문현숙,오선민,박나경,신혜정,이경원,이지선,최연옥,최진희,한유정,현수인 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2002 정신간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was designed to examine the factors associated with alcohol consumption among the Korean high schools girls. 283 female students were sampled from two high school in Seoul, Korea. They were given questionnaires and were asked to fill in and return them during a class hours. The factors included in the questionnaire were analyzed to see their contributions to alcohol consumption using chi-square. Alcohol consumption was associated with lower school performance(p=.001). High alcohol expectancies increased alcohol consumption(p=.000); however, depression did not show a statistically significant relationship to alcohol consumption. Mothers' alcohol consumption, having many alcohol consuming friends and watching TV commercials picturing alcohol were found to be associated with alcohol consumption, p=.049, .000, .000. respectively. Results may imply that alcohol consumption may not be a coping behavior of the depressed high school girls. Parents in Korea should be more concerned about alcohol consumption and its impacts on their daughters. Media effects on alcohol consumption need to be stressed and deserve attention from the public.

절수에 의한 Mongolian Gerbil 장기중량변화에 관한 분석연구

김무강,이기훈,이강이,송치원,이경열,권효정,박미선,정승혁,이행연,김명철 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study, authors measured the each organ weight of the long term water deprived Mongolian gerbil, after then we calculated the mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient of the real measured organ weight and induced the organ weight change quantity, rate of quantity, deviation between measured and theological organ weight, deviation rate, sum of deviation rate, organ weight change rate, rate of organ weight by the mathematical formula. The results obtained as follow 1. The weight of the brains, lung, and testis were abruptly decreased after water deprived until the 5th day, after then slowly decreased until the 20th day. 2. The weight of the heart was decreased gradually from the first day until the 20th day. 3. The weight of the liver was abruptly decreased until the 10th day, after then the more slowly decreased until the 20th day. 4. The weight of the thymus, spleen, kidney, and pancreas were abruptly decreased until the 15th day, after then increased slowly until 20th day but the weight of the kidney was abruptly increased from the 10th day. 5. The organ weight change rate and the rate of the each day organ weight were very diversified.

80세이상 노인환자마취에 관한 임상적 연구

김치효 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1992 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.50 No.-

With clinical anesthetic and admission records of 161 geriatric patients over 80 years of age from Jamuary 1986 until December 1991 at the anesthetic department of Ewha Women's University Hospital, laboratory findings before and after the anesthesia, cardiovascular changes, postoperative complications and mortality rates were statistically analyzed annually, between departments, according to anesthetic techniques of anesthetic agents and following results were obtained. 1. Of the total number of anesthesia, 27086 cases, the number of patients over 65 years of age was 1446(5.34%) and that over 80 years of age was 161(0.59%) both of which increased annually. 2. Comparing between department, the order of greatest number of cases was as follows : 65 cases of urology department, 40 cases of orthopedic surgery and 39 cases of general surgery department. 3. Comparing between anesthetic technique, the number of general anesthesia was 118(73.3%) and that of regional anesthesia was 43(26.7%). The number of balanced anesthesia was 70(43.5%) making the majority of the general anesthesia and the number of epidural among the regional anesthesia was 33(20.5%) which increased in the nineties. 4. Comparing between the combined diseases, the number of hypertension was 37(23.0%) making the majority of the cardiovascular disease and the number of chronic obstructive lung disease was 15(9.3%) among the pulmonay disease. 5. Abnormal findings of EKG was reported in 96 cases(59.8%) out of 161 cases. The order of most frequent findings was as follows ; myocardial ischemia 53 cases(39.3%), left ventricular hypertrophy 15 cases(11.4%) and atrial fibrillation 14 cases(10.6%). 6. Abnormal chest X-ray findings was found in 85 cases(52.8%) out of 161 cases. The order of most frequent findings was as follows : hypertensive heart configuration 27 cases(13.1%) and senile fibrosis 11 cases(12.1%). 7. Preoperative hematologic labolatory tests showed hypoalbuminemia as the commonest with 36 cases(19.9%). Decrease in total protein and increase in BUN were 32 cases(19.9%) respectively. The number of hyperglycemia was 21(13.0%). 8. Under general anesthesia, blood pressures before induction of anesthesia, after endotracheal intubation, after extubation, before transport from recovery room to ward showed significant increase compared to that measured at ward, but the lowest blood pressure during the operation was significantly lower. Heart rate remained increased significantly higher than that measured at ward. Under regional anesthesia, blood pressure increased significantly before induction of anesthesia compared to that measured at ward, but the lowest blood pressure during surgery was significantly lower. Heart rate increased significantly only at the lowest blood pressure under regional anesthesia. 9. Of postoperative complications, the number of hypoxemia was 4(28.6%) and that of mental change was 3(21.5%) which were themajority of the cases. 10. Postoperative mortality data showed 7 cases which occured within 7 days after surgery and the most common cases cerebrovascular accident with 6 cases.

가토에서 무호흡 유도후 Sodium Bicarbonate투여가 산염기 상태에 미치는 영향

김치효 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1992 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.15 No.4

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_3) has been used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis for more than 50 years until about 1980. and has almost become a matter or routine. But in most patients with cardiac arrest, shock or sepsis, impaired tissue oxygen delivery is the primary cause of lactic acid accumulation and the administration of sodium bicarbonate dose not appear to affect the underlying tissue hypoxia and is generally not successful in improving either acidotic state or clinical status. The purpose in the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate on acid base start in case of resuscitation of cardiopulmonary arrest state due to apnea combined with respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Of a total of 12 rabbits, the control group(n=6) was given normal saline 3㎖. and the experimental group(n=6) was given 5% sodium bicarbonate 3㎖ immediately after the induction of apnea intravenously. Arterial and venous blood gas analysis was done. and arterial hemoglobin. K^+. uric acid. lactic acid and glucose levels were measured immediately before the induction of apnea. immediately after the induction of apnea. 10 min and 30 min after the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The data were statistically compared & analysed with following results 1) In the control group arterial and venous blood gas analysis showed decreased values of pH. P0_2, oxygen saturation and base excess and increased value of PCO_2 immediately after the induction of apena(p<0.001) compared to contol values(preapnea values), and all measures except bicarbonate concentration and base excess returned to normal ranges after CPR. Arterial K^+ levels increased, glucose levels decreased compared to contol values immediatelv after the induction of apnea(p<0.05). 2) In the experimental group, arterial and venous blood gas analysis showed similar changes in all parameters immediately after the induction of apnea. and at 10 mm after CPR, pH, PO_2, oxygen saturation arid base excess decreased compared to control value, But PCO_2 increased(p<0.001). At 30 min after CPR. pH remained decreased but PCO_2 remained increased compared to the control values(p<0.001). Arterial K^+ level increased immediately after the induction of apena and lactic acid level increased immediately after the induction of apnea. 10 and 30 min after CPR compared to control values(p<0.05). 3) In the experimental group. arterial and venous blood pH. P0_2 oxygen saturation were lower. but PCO_2 was higher at 10 min after CPR compared to control group(p<0.05). At 30 min after CPR. venous blood pH was lower. and arterial and venous PCO_2 were higher compared to control group(p<0.05). Arterial K^+ level at 10 min after CPR and lactic acid level at 10 and 30 min after CPR were higher compared to control group( p<0.05 ).

Risperidone 조기 중단군 및 장기 유지군의 임상적 특성 비교

김광수,박원명,전태연,배치운,김대진,백인호,이철,김정수,한상익,최보문,장계호,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : Risperidone 투여후 조기 중단한 환자들과 장기적으로 계속 risperidone을 복용하고 있는 환자의 임상적 특성을 평가하고 나아가 risperidone장기 유지와 조기 중단의 요인을 분석하고 정신병리가 약물 투여에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 8개 병원 정신과에서 risperidone을 투여 시작한 환자 580명중 DSM-IV기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 투여 기간이 6개월 미만(조기 중단군)이거나 2년 이상(장기 유지군)을 경과하였으며 의무기록의 누락이 없는 210명을 선정하였다. 두 군간 임상적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인구학적 변인, 정신병리학적 변인, 약물 투여기록 및 부작용 등을 과거 의무기록을 근거로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 210명 중 조기 중단군이 67명(31.9%)이었고 장기 유지군은 143명(68.1%)이었으며 두 군간 인구학적 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 최대 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 유지용량은 조기 중단군에서 4.49(±1.44)mg,장기 유지군에서 3.67(±1.50)mg으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=3.698, p<0.05). 또한, 이전 항정신병약물의 사용 기왕력 변인에서 조기 중단군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 39명(58.2%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 27명(40.3%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 1명(1.5%)이었고, 장기 유지군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 58명(40.6%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 77명(53.8%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 8명(5.6%)으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구결과에 의하면 가급적 환자 상태에 따라 낮은 최적 치료 용량을 투여하는 것이 장기잔의 투여를 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구와 같은 대규모의 후향적 자연적 연구는 일반 실제 진료에서 risperidone의 효과 및 기타 다른 측면에서의 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. Objective : This retrospective naturalistic study was designed to compare the clinical characteristics including psychopathology of two groups of patients, long-term maintenance group and short-term drop-out group, who were taking risperidone. Method : Datas were collected for 210 schizophrenic patients with complete medical records among 580 patients who were enrolled with risperidone administration from January 1996 to December 1996 in 8 affiliated hospital of the Catholic University. The short-term drop-out patients group were assigned to whom treatment period was less than 6 month, and the long-term maintained patients group, treatment period was more than 2 years. We assessed demographics, psychopathology, and other variables related with medication based on past medical records. Results : Among subjects of 210, short-term drop-out patients group were 67(31.9%) and long-term maintained patients group were 143(68.1%). Demographics and psychopathology were not significantly different between two groups. The stating and maximal dosage of risperidone was not significantly different between two groups but the maintenance dosage of risperidone was lower in long-term medicated patients group than short-term drop-out patients group(t=3.698, p<0.05). Additionally, the result of this study showed differences in experiences of past antipsychotic use as following. The number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 39(58.2%), the number of high potency amtipsychotic use was 27(40.3%), and the number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 58(40.6%), the number of high potency ntipsychotic use was 77(53.8%), the number of low potency antipsychotic use was8(5.6%) in long-term maintained group.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). Conclusions : According to these results, administration of low therapeutic dosage should be recommended for long-term maintenance as if possible. Multi-center based retrospective naturalistic study like this would be useful for getting informations about efficacy and some other aspects of antipsychotic administration in practial field.

Pethidine-Diazepam-Nitrous Oxide을 이용한 균형마취후 Doxapram 투여가 심폐기능에 미치는 영향

김치효 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1992 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.15 No.2

Doxapram is a central and peripheral respiratory stimulant that has been primarily used to counteract postanesthetic respiratory depression. Administration of opioid in doses sufficient to produce anesthesia is invariably associated with respiratory depression. While opioid-induced depression can be reversed by appropriate specific opioid antagonists, it has not been possible to nullify the respiratory depressant effects of a opioid without simultaneously nullifying the analgesic effects. The purpose in the present study was to determined whether doxapram is able to reverse the respiratory depressant effects of balanced anesthesia with pethidine-diazepam-nitrous oxide. Of a total of 30 patients. the control group of 15 patients was given saline lml, and the other 15 patients(doxapram group) were given doxapram hydrochloride 20mg intravenously, and observed blood pressure, heart rate, tidal volume, respiratory rate and arterial blood gas analysis. In doxapram group(group Ⅱ). systolic arterial pressure was significantly increased 1minute after administration and heart rate increased 3minute after administration. Tidal volume significantly increased from 4.8±1.0 to 6.0±l.0㎖/㎏, but little change in respiratory rate in doxapram group. PaO_2 significantly decreased in control group(group Ⅰ) compared to doxapram group 30minute after administration, but not difference in pH, PaCO_2, base excess and oxygen saturation between control and doxapram group.

노인마취에서 폐기능 검사 소견 및 마취방법이 동맥혈 가스 분석치에 미치는 영향

김치효 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1991 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.14 No.4

Postoperative hypoxemia in elderly patients caused to suffer tissue hypoxia and injury to vital organs. Thirty-two elderly patients over 65 years age with normal or abnormal findings in pulmonary function test were at random either epidural analgesia with 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine or general anesthesia with diazepam, pethidine, pancuronium or vecuronium. N_20 / 0_2 for lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery. The arterial blood gas analysis was performed at preanesthetic, 30min after extubation(or 30min after the end of surgery in epidural analgesia groups) and postoperative lday. The results were as follows: 1) In general anesthesia group with normal findings in pulmonary function test(PET). the PH decreased, and PaCO_2 increased on 30min after extubation compared to preanesthetic values, but the PH increased, and base excess decreased significantly on the postoperative lday. 2) In epidural analgesia group with normal findings in PFT, the values of arterial blood gas analysis were no changed on 30min after the end of surgery and postoperative lday compared to preanesthetic values. 3) In general anesthesia group with abnormal findings in PFT, the PaCO_2 increased, and Pa0_2 and oxygen saturation decreased significantly on 30min after extubation, but the PH increased, Pa0_2 remained reduced on the postoperative lday compared to preanesthetic values. 4) In epidural analgesia group with abnormal findings in PFT, the values of arterial blood gas analysis were no changed on 30min after the end of surgery, but the PH increased, PaCO_2 decreased significantly on the postoperative lday compared to preanesthetic values. It appears from these findings that epidural analgesia is preferable to general anesthesia in lower abdominal or low extremity surgery for elderly patients with abnormal findings in PFT.

임신중독증 환자에서 제왕절개술을 위한 전신마취시 임상적 연구 : Clinical Study in Laboratory Findings and SignIficance

김치효 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1990 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.46 No.-

Preeclampsia is a significant maternal disease manifested by functional derangement of multiple organs. The incidence of preeclampsia varies from region to region, occurring in approximately 0.2∼3.2% of all pregnancies. Although the etiology of preeclampsia is unknown, the possible underlying mechanism may be an imbalance in the production of prostacyclin and thromboxane. Also, te possibility of an immunologic disorder between the mother and the placenta has been debated. The author report the laboratory observations, antihypertensive therapy and anesthetic management from 140 cases of mild and severe preeclampsia, and 70 cases of normal pregnancy. The purpose of the present report is 1) to outline a labolatory profile of preeclampsia patient, and to offer a laboratory comparison with normal pregnant women 2) to determine if the labolatory findings and the therapy for preeclampsia have any clinical anesthetic significance. There were significant differences in average body weight of mother and duration of pregnancy in each group. In patients with preeclampsia, total protein, albumin, calcium values were decreased, but BUN, creatinine, uric acid values were increased significantly. The platelet counts were significantly decreased in group 3, and FDP values were greater than 10ug/ml in 24 cases of group 3. The abnormal findings on chest PA occurred in 12 cases of group 3, involving pulmonary edema in 4 cases. The abnormal findings on EKG occurred in 26 cases of group 3, involving myocardial ischemia in 10 cases and sinus tachycardia in 7 cases. The perioperative hypertension was treated with hydralazine and phenobarbital in 58.6% of group 2, with hydralazine, phenobarbital and magnesium sulfate in 38.6% of group 3. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in group 2 and 3 were significantly increased compared to group 1. For the relaxation of muscle during anesthesia, vecuronium bromide was used in 85.7% of group 1 and 61.4% of group 2, but SCC dripping was used in 64.3% of group 3. The average body weight of neonate was decreased in group 3, of the 70 neonates, 25 cases were lower than 2.5㎏. The Apgar score in 1 min and 5 min were significantly decreased in group 3. The most common postoperative complication was anemin in all group, and pulmonary edema occurred in one case of group 3.

제조합균주 E. coli Ck1092가 생산하는 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl Dioxygenase의 정제 및 특성

박효남,김영수,김영창,김치경,임재윤 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

4-CB 분해균주인 Pseudomonas sp. P20으로부터 pcbC 유전자를 클로닝하여 얻은 E. coli CK1092로부터 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase을 분리, 정제하여 효소적 특성을 조사하였다. 효소의 정제는 acetone 침전, DEAE-Se-phadex A-25 ion exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis 방법으로 정제하였다. 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase의 분자량은 약 270 kDa으로 추정되며, SDS-PAGE에 의한 분자량은 34 kDa이였다. 따라서, 동일한 subunit 8개 존재하는 octamer로 추정된다. 이 효소는 2,3-DHBP에 대해 높은 기질특이성을 보였으며, 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-chlorocatechol에 대해서는 활성을 보이지 않았다. 2,3-DHBP에 대한 Km 값은 18 μM이였으며 30μM 이상의 기질농도에서 활성이 감소하였다. 효소활성의 최적 pH는 8.0이였으며, pH 7.0~10.0 범위에서는 안정하였고, 최적 활성 온도는 40~60℃이며, 60℃까지는 비교적 안정하였다. 또한, 이 효소는 Cu^2+, Fe^2+, Fe^3+ 이온들에 의하여 효소활성이 저해되었고, H_2O_2와 EDTA에 의해서도 활성이 저해되었으며, 10%의 유기용매에 의해서 안정화되지 않았다. 효소활성부위를 알아보기 위해 화학변형제를 처리해 본 결과 tryosine, tryptophan과 histidine이 효소활성에 관여할 것으로 추정된다. 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase was purified from E. coli CK1092 carrying the pcbC gene, which was cloned from 4-chlorobiphenyl-degrading Pseudomonas sp. P20. Purification of this enzyme was done by acetone precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of subunit was 34 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, and that of native enzyme was about 270 kDa. It suggests that this enzyme consist of eight identical subunits. This enzyme was specifically active against only 2,3-DHBP as a substrate with 18 μM of Km value, but not catechol, 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-chlorocatechol. The optimal pH and temperature of 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase were pH 8.0 and 40~60℃. The enzyme was inhibited by Cu^2+, Fe^2+ and Fe^3+ ions, and was inactivated by H_2O_2 and EDTA. The lower concentrations of some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol don't stabilize the activity of 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase. The enzyme was completely inactivated by adding the reagents such as N-bromosuccinimide, iodine and p-diazobenzene sulfonic acid.

Ciprofloxacin의 동물유래 병원세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과시험

장경수,장치훈,김일택,박승춘,윤효인,전무형 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

In this study the antimicrobial spectrum and sensitivity of ciprofloxacin(CFX) against the major pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased poultry, pig, cattle in Korea were evaluated in comparison with morfloxacin(NFX), enrofloxacin(EFX), nalidixic acid(NA), gentamicin(GM), tetracycline(TC), erythromycin(EM), streptomycin(SM) and penicillin(PC). Increasing by paper disk diffusion test for total of 439 isolates from poultry, pig and cattle, CFX showed remarkably higher sensitivity(>83%) as compared with other drugs. When three quinolones such as CFX, NFX and NA were compared for the inhibition activity against 4 major pathogens, CFX induced significantly larger diameter of inhibition zone through all of the tested concentration than NFX and NA. As MICs of all drugs for 11 bacterial species isolated from poultry were measured, the MIC range of CFX was 0.125 - 40 ㎍/㎖ in Gram positives, ≤ 0.005 - 2.5 ㎍/㎖ in Gram negatives and 0.08 - 1.25 ㎍/㎖ with 12 isolates of Mycoplasma. MIC_50 and MIC_90 of CFX in these cases revealed consistently lower as compared with those of NFX, GM and PC. When the MICs of the drugs were tested with 11 bacterial species from the diseased pigs, MIC range of CFX was 0.05 - 3.5 ㎍/㎖ in Gram positives, ≤ 0.005 - 0.8 ㎍/㎖ with Gram negatives and 0.5 - 9.0 ㎍/㎖ with 11 isolates of Mycoplasma. MIC_50 and MIC_90 of CFX and NFX were remarkably lower than those of GM and PC. As MICs of CFX, NFX, GM and PC for 10 bacterial species isolated from cattle were tested, the MIC range of CFX was found 0.01 - 4.0 ㎍/㎖ in Gram positives, and ≤ 0.005 - 0.2 ㎍/㎖ in Gram negative bacteria. The MIC_50 and MIC_90 of CFX in cases of cattle appeared remarkably lower than those of the other drugs. CFX, as compared with the other drugs, showed invariably lower MIC_50 and MIC_90 in both of GRam positives and negatives. As MICs of CFX, NFX and PC for 12 reference bacteria were examined, MIC of CFX was 0.03 - 0.25 ㎍/㎖ that was much lower drug concentration than those of NFX(0.25 - 1.0 ㎍/㎖) and PC(0.5 - 16.0㎍/㎖).