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MOCHIDA YUMIKO,Nakamura Yuri 한국일본어학회 2019 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.59
This paper categorized, aggregated, and reviewed 92 linguistics studies on apology that could be searched by "CiNii Articles". As a result, this paper reached the following seven trends and perspectives. (1) Looking at the number of papers by year of publication, it is the largest in 2005-2009 and there is a tendency to decrease gently after that. From this trend and the universality of the subject “apology”, it is unlikely that there will be a drastic increase or decrease in apology research from now on. (2) Looking at the number of papers by types of languages being studied, there are overwhelmingly many ones targeting only Japanese, followed by contrastive studies of Japanese and Chinese, Japanese and English, Japanese and Korean in order. (3) The total number of papers shows a decreasing trend. In the other hand, apology research on Japanese shows an increasing trend. (4) There are overwhelming majority of papers related to the “spoken language”, but the proportion decreases after 2015. From now on it can be expected that the research on “typing language ” will increase. (5) Overwhelming majority of studies used “actual observation” and questionnaire. In particular, “actual observation” showed a stable appearance rate. (6) As a result of aggregating about keywords, researchers could confirm the point that the fixed form expression is emphasized in the Japanese apology, the feeling of apology and gratitude are connected, in Japanese apologies it focus on guilt and the burden of the other party. Moreover, the apology were related to other politeness behaviors. (7) A part of the future tasks is survey targeting working adults and survey using corpus. 본 연구에서는 ‘CiNii Articles’에서 검색된 언어학분야의 사죄연구 총92편을 분류, 집계하여 개관하였다. 그 결과, 동향과 전망을 다음 7가지유형으로 도출하였다. (1) 발행연도별로 논문수를 보면 2005~2009년에 가장 많고, 그 후 완만한 감소 경향이 보인다. 이 경향과 ‘사죄’라는 주제의 보편성을 고려하여 앞으로 사죄연구가 가파르게 증가, 감소한다고는 생각하기 어렵다. (2) 대상언어별로 논문수를 보면 일본어만을 대상으로 한 것이 압도적으로 많고, 중일, 영일, 한일 대조연구가 그 다음으로 이어진다. 그 것을통하여 일본어에 관한 연구의 향후 가능성, 국제어로서 시장가치가 높은 영어에 대한 관심, 문화접촉의 기회가 많은 이웃 나라 언어에 대한 학술적 관심을 볼 수 있다. (3)논문 총수자체는 감소경향을 나타내는 것과는 대조적으로 일본어에 관한 사죄연구는 증가경향을 나타내며, 연구의 여지가 아직 남아 있다는 것을 가리킨다고 볼 수 있다. (4) ‘구어’, ‘문어’, ‘타어(打ちことば)’별로 논문수를 보면, 구어에 관한 논문이 전체 80%가량을 차지하고 있으나, 2015년 이후에는 그 비율이약간 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 근년 SNS가 커뮤니케이션의 중심적인 매체가 되어 있다는 것을 감안해도 앞으로는 타어(打ちことば)에 관한연구가 서서히 증가하여 그 것에 따라 구어에 관한 연구는 감소할 것으로 예상이 된다. (5) 조사방법별로 논문수를 보면 실태조사에 의한 것과 설문조사에 의한 것이 압도적으로 많고, 특히 실태조사는 계속 안정적인 출현율을 나타내고 있다. 그 것으로 앞으로도 사죄라는 언어행동의 조사방법으로서는 실태조사가 계속 주류가 될 것이 예상된다. (6) 키워드에 대해서 집계한 결과, 정형 표현이 일본어 사죄에 있어서 중요시된다는 점이나 사죄와 감사의 감각이 관련되어 있다는 점, 일본어사죄에 있어서는 죄악감이나 상대의 부담에 착목한다는 점, 사죄가 다른 배려행동과 서로 관련되어 있다는 점 등이 선행연구를 증명하는 식으로 확인되었다. (7) 조사 자료에 관해서 본 결과, 사회인을 대상으로 한 조사나, 코퍼스(corpus)를 이용한 조사가 적어, 앞으로의 과제로 제안된다.
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Hydrogenation Properties and Crystal Structures of Ti-Mn-V BCC Solid Solution Alloys
Akiba, Etsuo,Nakamura, Yumiko 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.2
We have proposed new hydrogen absorbing alloys of the 'Laves phase related BCC solid solution alloy', the hydrogen capacity of which reaches almost double that of conventional rare-earth based ABs alloys. We have reported the hydrogen absorbing properties of Ti-V-Mn, Ti-V-Cr and T-V-Mn-Cr alloys. It has been accepted that the crystal structural change of BCC hydrogen absorbing alloys is the same as that of V metal. The mono-hydride (H/M=1) of V metal has a BCT structure and the di-hydride (H/M=2) has an FCC structure. However, we recently found that the Ti-V-Mn alloy shows different behaviors in phase transformation with hydrogenation to V metal. We found three hydride phases with a BCC, a deformed FCC and an FCC structure in the Ti-V-Mn solid solution alloy-H₂ system. The deformed FCC hydride phase has not yet to our knowledge been reported. The lattice constant of the deformed FCC was 0.407 nm, one axis of which is reduced by about 4%. Its single-phase region appeared at a hydrogen content between 0.8 H/M and 1.0 H/M in absorption at 298 K. The lower plateau observed due to formation of the deformed FCC hydride phase gives an increase of effective hydrogen capacity by decreasing hydrogen remaining in the alloy in the desorption process.
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Soft Metal Hydride Actuator as a Rescue Jack Using Accessible Heat Sources
Minako Hosono,Kouji Sakaki,Shigenobu Shimada,Yumiko Nakamura,Shuichi Ino 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.4
We investigate the effect of heating temperature and heating method on the operation of a soft metal hydride actuator as a rescue jack for application in emergency situations. The actuator is operative with heat of around 50–80 °C and does not require electricity or physical exertion of an operator. The operation time can be tuned by adjusting the heating temperature and/or the amount of hydrogen-absorbing alloy, with faster operation observed at higher operating temperatures and with greater amounts of alloy. Suitable candidates for the heat source of the proposed rescue jack for practical use were examined, with quicklime being the most practical from the perspective of storability, simplicity, and heating efficiency. With 15 g of alloy and quicklime heat source, the jack successfully jacked a weight of 100 kg by 50 mm within a minute without electricity or human power.
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Green Tea by Either Anti- or Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms
Hayakawa, Sumio,Saito, Kieko,Miyoshi, Noriyuki,Ohishi, Tomokazu,Oishi, Yumiko,Miyoshi, Mamoru,Nakamura, Yoriyuki Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4
Tea derived from the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) is consumed worldwide. Green tea contains various components with specific health-promoting effects, and is believed to exert protective effects against diseases including cancer, diabetes and hepatitis, as well as obesity. Of the various tea components, the polyphenol catechins have been the subject of extensive investigation and among the catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest bioactivity in most cases. Our research group has postulated that hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ are targets of green tea constituents including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate for their anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-hepatitis effects, respectively. Published papers were reviewed to determine whether the observed changes in these factors can be correlated with anti-cancer effects of green tea. Two major action mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate have been proposed; one associated with its anti-oxidative properties and the other with its pro-oxidative activity. When reactive oxygen species are assumed to be involved, our findings that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate downregulated hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ may explain the anti-cancer effect of green tea as well. However, further studies are required to elucidate which determinant directs (-)-epigallocatechin gallate action as an anti-oxidant or a pro-oxidant for favorable activity.
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