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Yuan-Yuan Wu,Xian Shen,Eun-hye Kim,Lin Huang,Ling Hou,You-Ying Tu 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S
Several previous works showed that the brewing temperature, time, ratio of tea and water had significant effects on the quality of different tea infusions. The appropriate tea brewing condition is vital for a cup of delicious tea. In China, the tea brewing container is also thought to be important for tea brewing. However, there are few works on the effect of tea brewing containers of different materials on tea infusions. In this work, Tieguanyin and Pu’er tea infusions were prepared with tea cups of glass, white porcelain, and purple clay, the effect of different container materials on the taste and quality components of Tieguanyin and Pu’er tea were studied. The tea cups made of glass, white porcelain, and purple clay in same style were used for brewing Tieguanyin and Pu’er tea to obtain different treated tea infusions. The main components such as tea polyphenols, amino acids, total sugars, water extracts, theabrownins, and caffeine in different treated tea infusions were analyzed. All tea infusions were carried out in sensory tests. Among three different cups, the cup made of purple clay had a higher ability in keeping temperature. The content of tea polyphenols and caffeine of Tieguanyin and Pu’er tea were significantly high infused with the purple clay cup. The amino acids and catechins in Tieguanyin, theabrownins in Pu’er tea, are positively associated with the heat property of tea cups. Tieguanyin tea brewing with glass cup and Pu’er tea brewing with purple clay cup are much more welcomed by panelists. In the present work, Tieguanyin tea prepared with glass cups and Pu’er tea prepared with purple clay cup are suggested for a better taste tea infusion.
Highly Oriented Monolayer Graphene Grown on a Cu/Ni(111) Alloy Foil
Huang, Ming,Biswal, Mandakini,Park, Hyo Ju,Jin, Sunghwan,Qu, Deshun,Hong, Seokmo,Zhu, Zhili,Qiu, Lu,Luo, Da,Liu, Xiaochi,Yang, Zheng,Liu, Zhongliu,Huang, Yuan,Lim, Hyunseob,Yoo, Won Jong,Ding, Feng,Wa American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.6
<P>Fast-growth of single crystal monolayer graphene by CVD using methane and hydrogen has been achieved on “homemade” single crystal Cu/Ni(111) alloy foils over large area. Full coverage was achieved in 5 min or less for a particular range of composition (1.3 at.% to 8.6 at.% Ni), as compared to 60 min for a pure Cu(111) foil under identical growth conditions. These are the bulk atomic percentages of Ni, as a superstructure at the surface of these foils with stoichiometry Cu<SUB>6</SUB>Ni<SUB>1</SUB> (for 1.3 to 7.8 bulk at.% Ni in the Cu/Ni(111) foil) was discovered by low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Complete large area monolayer graphene films are either single crystal or close to single crystal, and include folded regions that are essentially parallel and that were likely wrinkles that “fell over” to bind to the surface; these folds are separated by large, wrinkle-free regions. The folds occur due to the buildup of interfacial compressive stress (and its release) during cooling of the foils from 1075 °C to room temperature. The fold heights measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) prove them to all be 3 layers thick, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows them to be around 10 to 300 nm wide and separated by roughly 20 μm. These folds are always essentially perpendicular to the steps in this Cu/Ni(111) substrate. Joining of well-aligned graphene islands (in growths that were terminated prior to full film coverage) was investigated with high magnification SEM and aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as AFM, STM, and optical microscopy. These methods show that many of the “join regions” have folds, and these arise from interfacial adhesion mechanics (they are due to the buildup of compressive stress during cool-down, but these folds are different than for the continuous graphene films-they occur due to “weak links” in terms of the interface mechanics). Such Cu/Ni(111) alloy foils are promising substrates for the large-scale synthesis of single-crystal graphene film.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Yuan Huang,Hee-Hyol Lee 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.1
The rapidly exploring random tree star (RRT*) is a conventional algorithm for path planning that aims to establish a collision-free path for robots from a starting point to a goal by constructing an exploration tree using randomly generated samples. However, inefficient sampling strategies and inadequate scales of searching trees increase the burden of calculation. Moreover, the necessity of sufficient trees has a significant impact on computation time, which is rarely investigated in previous research. To address the challenges of optimal path planning in narrow passages, we propose the adaptive informed RRT* (AI-RRT*), which not only asymptotically converges to an optimal solution but also achieves this with reduced computational time and a shorter path length. An attempt to identify accessible narrow passages is executed in advance to satisfy the traversability of robots. Also, a hybrid sampler is constructed to generate samples efficiently using the prior knowledge of narrow passages. Significantly, an adaptive tree growth strategy is introduced to evaluate the necessity of a third tree. After finding an initial solution, a local optimization method based on elliptical sampling pools is devised to enhance existing solutions. The mathematical proof demonstrates the asymptotic optimization of the sampling pool method within a limited number of iterations. Finally, the simulation results confirm that the AI-RRT* algorithm outperforms other sampling-based path planners in obtaining both an initial solution and an optimal solution in narrow passages. This is evidenced by its faster computation time, shorter path length, higher travelability, and more stable performance of the algorithm.