Cyclic Loading Test of Structural Walls with Small Openings

Hyun-Jin Yu,Su-Min Kang,Hong-Gun Park,정란 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.6

This study aimed to investigate the effects of small openings on the structural performance of reinforced-concrete(RC) structural walls. Cyclic lateral loading tests were conducted on five RC walls with an aspect ratio of 2.6 and small openings. The main test parameter was the size of the small openings. The specimens were designed to fail after flexural yielding, considering the typical failure mode of slender RC walls. The structural performances of the test specimens were analyzed based on the test results in terms of the load-carrying capacity (flexural strength), hysteretic behavior, strain distribution, and the size of the openings. The specimens showed flexural yielding regardless of the size of the openings, and the flexural strength and deformation capacity were not significantly affected by the small openings. This result indicates that small openings do not affect the flexural behavior of slender walls if the walls have sufficient shear resistance and the small openings are located away from the extreme compressive end and in the compression zone where compressive stress does not decrease.

부정적인 현실에 대항하는 사회적 소통의 관계망 -공지영의 『도가니』를 중심으로

유경수 ( Gyeong Su Yu ) 현대문학이론학회 2011 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.45

이 작품을 읽는 동안 우리는 일단 작품에 재현된 부조리한 현실에 대해서 분노하게 된다. 그 분노는 부정을 저지르고도 태연한 기득권층에 대한 비판을 끌어내고 비기득권층 간의 공감대를 형성하게 한다. 그리고 이를 통해 우리는 서로의 생각이 같음을 확인하고 소통의 길을 연다. 세상을 바꾸는 것도 어렵겠지만 세상이 자신을 바꾸지 못하게 하는 것이 더 힘들다. 청각장애아들과 강인호, 서유진은 세상을 바꾸려는 시도를 하지만 거대한 벽에 부딪히게 된다. 그러나 이들의 외침이 공허함에 그치는 것은 아니었다. 자신의 목소리를 내지 못하던 청각장애인들이 주체적으로 생각하게 만들었고, 세상 사람들이 자애학원의 진실에 대해서 알게 한 것만으로도 충분히 가치가 있다. 이제 이들은 세상이 자신을 바꾸지 못하게 할 힘을 얻었다. 우리는 이 작품을 통해서 진정한 귀머거리는 누구인가 하는 의문을 던지게 된다. 이 시대를 살아가는 우리들은 자신의 내면의 소리에 귀 기울이고 있는지, 사회적 약자의 목소리를 듣고 있는지 말이다. 이중 억압된 청각장애인 여성의 울부짖음을 듣고도 모른 척하는 것이 진정한 양심은 아닐진대 외면하는 것이 지금의 평화를 유지하는 길이라 믿고 살고 있는 것은 아닐까? 이 작품은 단지 청각장애인의 인권이 유린되었다는 단편적인 사실만을 전달하고자 하는 것이 아니다. 이 시대 이 사회가 거대한 권력장을 형성해서 이들의 인권을 묵인하고 묵살하며 동조하고 있는 것에 대한 터트림이다. 신문기사에 몇 줄 등장하고 잊혀지는 단순한 성폭행 사건에 대한 것이 아니라 우리가 기억하고 바꿔야 할 것들이 있다는 것에 대한 거센 외침이다. 문학은 분명 현실을 바꿀 수 있는 힘이 있음을 이 작품은 분명히 보여주고 있다. We cannot but feel resentment against the absurd reality reproduced in this work at first while reading it. The resentment helps to draw criticism on the Establishment that cheated but acts composed and to form a consensus among the Non-Establishment. Through this we confirm that we have the same ideas and pave the way for communication. Changing the world could be difficult, however, keeping oneself from being changed by the world is even more difficult. Kang In-ho and Seo Yu-jin with hearing-impaired children try to change the world but they run into a huge black wall. However, their outcry didn`t remain only hollow. It is worth enough making the hearing-impaired children unable to voice themselves think independently and furthermore getting much public attention to the truth of Ja-ae School (The School of Affection). Now they got the power to keep themselves from being changed by the world. We come to call into question who are truly hearing-impaired through this piece. Living in our time, we have to ask ourselves if we are listening to our inner voice or paying attention to the voice of social minorities. Aren`t we living just believing that it is the only way to keep the peace even though it can`t be truly conscientious ignoring the cry of a hearing-impaired woman among them? This novel does not simply try to deliver a piecemeal fact that the human rights of the hearing-impaired was violated. It is the disclosure about this society in our time not only forming a huge power field but tolerating, ignoring and sympathizing with their human rights problem. It is not about a case of sexual violence reported a few lines in the newspaper and then quick forgotten but about a strong voice of what we must remember and bring about changes. This work obviously says literature has the power able to change reality certainly.

Occurrence assessment of earth fissure based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence area, China

Wenjing Zhang,Li Gao,Xun Jiao,Jun Yu,Xiaosi Su,Shanghai Du 한국지질과학협의회 2014 Geosciences Journal Vol.18 No.4

Earth fissures in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence areahave induced massive damages to the area. The non-linear characteristicassociated with the process of earth fissure formation requiresnon-linear method for evaluating the occurrence of the hazard. Based on quantification of influence factors on breeding the hazard,GA-ANN method, which integrates artificial neural networks(ANN) with genetic algorithms (GA), is developed for evaluating theoccurrence of earth fissure hazard. Six indicators, that include thedepth of bedrock burial (DBB), the degree of bedrock relief (DBR),water level (WL) (the II confined aquifer), the gradient of landsubsidence (GLS), transmissivity (T) (the II confined aquifer) andthe thickness of clay soil (TCS), are selected as the input patternsof the integrated approach, and danger index (DI) as the outputpattern. A multilayer back-propagation neural network is trainedwith 30 sets of data samples including 15 sets of earth fissure samplesand 15 sets of safety samples for defining the architecture ofANN. Subsequently, GA is employed by optimizing the initial weightsof trained ANN by minimizing the deviation of output. The efficacy ofthe integrated approach is demonstrated by comparing the deviationof output from ANN and GA-ANN for 5 testing samples andthe result shows that the GA-ANN method is more accurate thanANN in identifying the occurrence of earth fissure. The integratedmethod is applied to the assessment of earth fissure hazard in typicalregions of earth fissure. According to the classification of DI, theregions are divided into four zones ‒ danger zone, sub-danger zone,sub-safe zone and safe zone.

뇌졸중 노인을 돌보는 주간호제공자의 부담감과 예측요인 : 한방병원 입원 노인을 중심으로

유수정,김신미,이윤정,박연환 노인간호학회 2004 노인간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing burden in primary caregivers caring for an elderly person who has had a stroke. Method : A convenience sample of 124 primary caregivers of elderly people with a stroke admitted to an oriental medicine hospital participated in this study. Interviews were done with a standardized questionnaire including Caregiver Burden Scale (Chang, 1995). Result: Average burden score was 93.19, indicating a moderate to severe level of burden. Time-dependent burden had the highest score of the sub-domains. For general characteristics, the factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were gender and age of the elderly person, age and educational level of the caregiver, whether living together or not, and the presence of another caregiver. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that level of ADL of the elderly person, relationship between the elderly person and the caregiver prior to the stroke, caregivers' relation to the elderly person and primary income were significant factors in explaining variance in overall burden. Conclusion : Recognition of high levels of caregiver burden and factors influencing burden will allow us to develop different nursing strategies to decrease caregiver burden in those caring for an elderly person with a stroke.

[논문]보육실습에서 프로젝트접근법에 대한 예비보육교사의 관심수준 변화 연구

유병민,박수홍,강문숙,박철수,정경훈 교육혁신학술위원회 2011 교육혁신연구 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 예비보육교사가 보육실습이라는 과정에서 프로젝트 접근법에 대한 관심은 어떠하며, 관심변화 여부를 사례중심으로 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 예비보육교사를 대상으로 보육실습 사전과 사후검사를 실시하였으며, 자세하고 구체적인 사실과 연구의 질적인 부분을 찾아보고자 인터뷰하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 프로젝트에 대한 예비보육교사들의 관심은 전반적으로 무관심으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사전․사후검사 결과, 프로젝트 접근법에 대한 관심수준의 변화가 있었던 사례에서는 관심변화의 패턴도 다양하게 나타났으며, 관심변화가 크게 없었던 사례에서는 개인, 정보관심이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 프로젝트에 대한 예비보육교사의 관심수준은 보육환경, 보육과정, 실습지도 교사, 예비보육교사의 지각력, 프로젝트에 대한 사전지식이나 교육정도에 따라 다양하게 변할 수 있음을 알게 되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case in which we can identify how the SoC of prospective child care teachers about the project approach changes and why these change appears during the child care practice when we assumpt that for prospective child care teachers to implement the project approach is that they participate in change during child care practice. In Case K, the SoC of the prospective child care teacher moves from Stage 0 awareness to Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, and In Case M, the SoC moves from Stage 0 to Stage 1. In Case P, the SoC moves from Stage 1 to Stage 2, Stage 3, and in Case S, the SoC isn't changed. Above this, we identify the SoC of prospective child care teachers. Case K, M, and P changes SoC after child care practice, but Case S doesn't change. the reason why there is a difference is the mindset of prospective child care teachers. Anyone who wants to accomplish specific purposes can deal with diverse changes with flexibility, but others can easily have an effect on the changes. We suggest that instructor in organization for prospective child care teachers’ education need to have a class for prospective child care teachers to put theory into practice, give direct facilitation and intervention in the field to prospective child care teachers, make a learning environment for prospective child care teachers to make good use of teaching materials and instrument, develop guidebook for project approach and give support to prospective child care teachers.

유아교사의 전문성 신장을 위한 교사 포트폴리오 제작 경험의 의미

유수경,황해익 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2005 영유아보육연구 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of making a teacher portfolio to help preschool teachers improve their professionalism. Three teachers participated in this study for 10 weeks. In the course of making the teacher portfolio, what could improve the professionalism of teachers was identified by examining the materials of in-depth interviews and participant observation, their reflective journals and conference records among their colleagues. As a result, the factors to enhance their qualifications were building positive pride and beliefs in teaching profession, active coping with class situations, reflective thinking, ceaseless efforts for the acquisition of better ability, and creating cooperative culture among teachers.

대전광역 시민의 골다공증 검진에 관한 고찰

유은주,이관우,박현모,이수배,김광현,강희구,박성오 한국건강관리협회 1999 건협 Report Vol.2 No.-

두개안면이골증의 두 증례

류수경,강기현,고광준 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.3

Craniofacial dysostosis is considered to be one of rarely observed syndromes characterized by premature closing of all cranial sutures. The first patient was a 4-year-old male infant who had been complaining of empyema. Clinical findings showed exophthalmos, hypertelorism and facial asymmetry. Conventional radiographs demonstrated abscence of cranial sutures and underdeveloped maxilla. CT scan demonstrated the digital impressions of the inner surface of the cranial vault, enlarged and depressed sella turcica. The second patient was a 2-year-old female infant who had been complaining of facial deformity. Clinical findings showed hypertelorism and underdeveloped maxilla. Radiographs showed premature synostosis of all cranial sutures, depressed and enlarged sella turcica, and hypoplastic maxilla. 3 years after operation, her look improved. However, resurgery may be considered to decreasing intracranial pressure and for correction of facial deformity. Two interesting cases showing ‘cloverleaf’ skulls were presented.

퍼블리시티권 법제화 논의 : “인격표지영리권” 입법예고 검토를 중심으로

김수민,김유진 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2022 Ewha Law Review Vol.12 No.-

퍼블리시티권은 사람이 성명, 초상 등으로 나타나는 자신의 동일성(identity)을 상업적으로 통제할 수 있는 권리를 말한다. 우리나라에서 퍼블리시티권에 대한 학설 및 판례상의 논의는 오래전부터 이루어져 왔으나 명문의 규정이 존재하지 않아서 다소 혼란이 있었고, 이에 퍼블리시티권의 법제화를 위한 논의가 진행되어왔다. 최근(2022. 12. 26.)에는 법무부가 민법에 인격권을 규정하고, 퍼블리시티권을 “인격표지영리권”이라 명명하여 민법 제2장 인(人) 부분에 규정하는 내용의 법률개정안을 입법예고하였다. 본고는 퍼블리시티권에 대한 기존의 학설, 판례와 해외의 논의에 비추어 이번 인격표지영리권 입법예고(2022. 12. 26. ~ 2023. 2. 6., 이하 “12월 입법예고”)의 각 규정을 검토하였다. 퍼블리시티권의 법적 성질과 관련하여, 학설은 독립한 재산권으로 보는 견해와 인격권의 한 내용으로 보는 견해가 대립한다. 12월 입법예고는 후자의 견해를 취하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 양도성 및 이용허락과 관련하여, 퍼블리시티권의 재산권적 성격을 강조하여 양도성을 인정해야 퍼블리시티권의 적절한 보호가 가능하다고 보는 견해도 있다. 그러나 12월 입법예고는 양도성을 부정하되 이용허락을 긍정하고 이용권에 대한 철회권을 규정한바, 이는 퍼블리시티권의 인격권적 성질과 재산권적 성질을 조화롭게 고려한 판단으로 보인다. 상속성 및 존속기간과 관련하여, 12월 입법예고는 퍼블리시티권을 인격권의 한 내용으로 보면서도 상속성을 긍정하되, 그 존속기간을 30년으로 제한하였다. 상속성을 인정한 것은 바람직해 보이나, 존속기간을 30년으로 규정한 근거가 불명확하다. 마지막으로 침해에 대한 구제수단과 관련하여, 12월 입법예고는 인격표지영리권의 침해에 대해 침해의 제거 및 침해의 예방을 청구할 수 있도록 규정하였으나, 표현이 다소 모호하여 추후 사회적 논의 및 판례법리를 통한 구체화가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Recently, the Ministry of Justice stipulated personal rights in Civil Act and preannounced amendment that requires the right of publicity to be prescribed in Chapter II of the civil law. This paper reviews each regulation of the preannouncement(22. 12. 26. ~ 2023. 2. 6.) based on existing academic theories, precedents, and the overseas discussion surrounding the right of publicity. Regarding the legal nature of the right of publicity, while some authorities view it as independent property right, the others consider it as a part of personal rights. The preannouncement appears to support the latter’s viewpoint. As to the transferability and the permission to use, the preannouncement is considering both characteristics by denying the transferability but allowing the permission to use. As to the inheritance and duration, the preannouncement sees the right of publicity as a part of personal rights. Further, the preannouncement recognizes the inheritance of the right of publicity, limiting its duration to 30 years without clear reasons. Lastly, the preannouncement expressly prescribed the removal and the prevention of the infringement, which needs to be clearly and specifically identified through the social discussion and case law.

자기효능증진 교육프로그램이 고혈압 노인의 자기효능감, 자가간호행위 및 혈압에 미치는 효과

유수정,송미순,이윤정 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various Physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior. through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly' hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1.There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2.There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3.There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. 4.There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the, program. and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.