Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Livestock Farm Environments

( Youngji Kim ),( Kun-ho Seo ),( Binn Kim ),( Jung-whan Chon ),( Dongryeoul Bae ),( Jin-hyeok Yim ),( Tae-jin Kim ),( Dongkwan Jeong ),( Kwang-young Song ) 한국낙농식품응용생물학회(구 한국유가공학회) 2021 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.39 No.1

The surroundings of livestock farms, including dairy farms, are known to be a major source of development and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To control antibioticresistant bacteria in the livestock breeding environment, farms have installed livestock wastewater treatment facilities to treat wastewater before discharging the final effluent in nearby rivers or streams. These facilities have been known to serve as hotspots for inter-bacterial antibiotic-resistance gene transfer and extensively antibiotic-resistant bacteria, owing to the accumulation of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the livestock breeding environment. This review discusses antibiotic usage in livestock farming, including dairy farms, livestock wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria from wastewater treatment plants, and previous findings in literature.

Optimal Social Distancing Policy for COVID-19 Control in Korea: A Model-Based Analysis

Youngji Jo,Sourya Shrestha,Munkhzul Radnaabaatar,Hojun Park,Jaehun Jung 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.23

Background: Since March 2020, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic, many countries have applied unprecedented restrictive measures to contain the spread of the virus. This study aimed to explore the optimal social distancing policy for COVID-19 control in South Korea to safely reopen the society. Methods: We developed an age-specific, deterministic compartment epidemic model to examine the COVID-19 control decision-making process, including the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 1 July 2021 and 30 December 2022. The model consists of the natural history of COVID-19, testing performance, vaccinations, and social distancing enforcement measures to detect and control SARS-CoV-2. We modelled potential intervention scenarios with three distinct components: 1) social distancing duration and level; 2) testing intensity; and 3) vaccination uptake rate. The primary and secondary outcomes were COVID-19 incidence and prevalence of severe patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care. Results: Four (or more) months of social distancing (that can reduce 40–60% transmission) may mitigate epidemic resurgence and ICU demand in the future and keep the cases below the capacity limit if the testing intensity and vaccination rate remain constant or increase by 20% (with respect to the current level). In contrast, two months of strict social distancing enforcement may also successfully mitigate future epidemic surge and ICU demand as long as testing intensity and vaccination rates are increased by 20%. Conclusion: In South Korea, given the relatively high vaccination coverage and low incidence, four or more months of social distancing enforcement can effectively mitigate epidemic resurgence after lifting the social distancing measures. In addition, increasing the testing intensity and vaccination rate may help reduce necessary social distancing levels and duration to prevent a future epidemic resurgence and mitigate social and economic damage.

Phubbing as a Millennials’ New Addiction and Relating Factors Among Nursing Students

Han Jung Hee,Park Su-Jin,Kim Youngji 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.2

Objective This study investigated phubbing (the act of ignoring one’s companion or companions to pay attention to one’s smartphone) and examined the factors affecting phubbing among nursing students in South Korea.Methods A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and a self-reported questionnaire was used. Data were collected from 200 nursing students in two cities. Self-administered questionnaires included demographic data, smartphone addiction, media multitasking motivation, interpersonal competency, and phubbing.Results Phubbing was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (r=0.41, p<0.001) and media multitasking motivation (r=0.16, p<0.05), and negatively correlated with interpersonal competence (r=-0.51, p<0.001). Factors influencing nursing students’ phubbing were interpersonal competency (β=-0.59, p<0.001), media multitasking motivation (β=0.24, p<0.001), smartphone addiction (β=0.19, p<0.01) and interpersonal relationships (β=0.14, p<0.05). The model including these variables accounted for 43% of variance in phubbing.Conclusion Nursing students showed a moderate level of phubbing, and interpersonal competency was an important factor for reducing their phubbing of nursing students. Since phubbing occurs frequently among nursing students, educators in nursing are required to develop and implement active interventional measures to help nursing students avoid phubbing and improve their interpersonal relationships by increasing their empathic ability and communication skills.

Realizing Vibrant and High-Contrast Reflective Structural Colors from Lossy Metals Supporting Dielectric Gratings

Kim, Youngji,Jung, Kyungmin,Cho, Jiung,Hyun, Jerome K. American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.9

<P>Despite their distinctive chemical properties, lossy metals are generally avoided in the design of structural colors because the optical losses can degrade the color vibrancy. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy that allows lossy metals supporting near-wavelength dielectric gratings to achieve high color vibrancy by benefiting from the optical loss rather than suffering from it. By exciting the grating rotated 45° relative to the incident field, s-polarized (s-pol) and p-polarized (p-pol) light each excites a spectrally distinct resonance, described by a treatment of coupled waveguide-array modes, that retards the phase over the wavelength. Owing to the birefringence, a cross-polarized reflection spectrum displays two sharp peaks from each component that decreases the monochromaticity. We show that lossy metals can minimize the p-pol contribution, leaving the sharp s-pol response to determine the spectrum and generate high color vibrancy. Through this scheme, we demonstrate that lossy metal substrates including Pt, a catalytically active metal, and W, a CMOS-compatible metal, can achieve larger sRGB gamut coverage ratios of 90% and 69%, respectively, than that of 55% from Ag, while maintaining similar pixel contrast ratios to that of Ag.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody (Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab: Evusheld) Preventive Treatment for High-Risk Populations Against SARS-CoV-2 in Korea

Jo Youngji,Kim Sun Bean,Jung Jaehun 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.32

Background: Tixagevimab and cilgavimab (Evusheld) administration is a recommended strategy for unvaccinated patients with immunocompromised conditions and severe allergic reaction conditions to protect high-risk individuals and control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of Evusheld in key risk populations: 1) immunocompromised (vaccinated/unvaccinated), 2) severe allergic reaction, and 3) unvaccinated elderly high-risk groups. Methods: Based on the estimated target risk group population, we used a model of COVID-19 transmission to estimate the size of the risk group population for whom Evusheld treatment may help prevent symptomatic COVID-19 (and deaths) in 2022. We projected Evusheld intervention costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) lost, cost averted and QALY gained by reduced COVID-19 incidence, and incremental cost-effectiveness (cost per QALY gained) in each modeled population from the healthcare system perspective. Results: Our study demonstrated that Evusheld treatment for COVID-19 infection in South Korea is highly cost-effective for unvaccinated risk groups ($18,959 per QALY gained for immunocompromised and $23,978 per QALY gained for high-risk elderly groups) and moderately cost-effective among individuals who are vaccinated immunocompromised ($46,494 per QALY gained), or have severe allergic reactions ($45,996 per QALY gained). Evusheld’s cost-effectiveness may be subject to risk-group-specific COVID-19 disease progression and Evusheld efficacy and cost, which may change in future epidemic scenarios. Conclusion: As the COVID-19 variants and risk group-specific durable efficacy, toxicity (and/ or resistance) and optimal dosing of Evusheld remain uncertain, better empirical estimates to inform these values in different epidemiological contexts are needed. These results may help decision-makers prioritize resources toward more equitable and effective COVID-19 control efforts.

시뮬레이션 기반 수술 전·후 간호교육 프로그램이 간호학생의 문제해결능력, 비판적 사고성향 및 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 효과

정영미(Jung, Young-Mi),고영지(Ko, YoungJi) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.9

본 연구는 시뮬레이션 기반 수술 전·후 간호교육 프로그램을 개발하여 간호학생의 문제해결능력, 비판적 사고성향 및 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구는 단일집단 사전·사후 설계의 유사실험연구로 연구의 대상 자는 D시에 소재하는 D대학 간호학과 4학년 학생으로 ‘양·한방 통합간호실습’ 수업(실험군 58명)에 참여한 학생이다. 자료는 2016년 3월부터 6월까지 자가 보고식 설문조사를 통해 수집되었고, SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 평균과 표준편차 및 Paired t-test로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 시뮬레이션 기반 수술 전·후 간호교육 프로그램은 문제해결능력 및 비판적 사고성향에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나 학업적 자기효능감에는 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 간호학생의 문제해결능력과 비판적 사고력을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 구조화된 시나리오를 개발하는 것이 필요하며, 시뮬레이션 기반 교육을 전공 실습교과목별로 적극 활용되어야 한다. The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation-based preoperative and postoperative care nursing program for nursing students and to investigate the effects of the program on nursing students’ problem solving ability, critical thinking disposition, and academic self-efficacy. The study used a quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Fifty eight senior nursing students taking the “western and oriental integrated nursing practice” class at D university participated in this study. Participants completed self-administrated questionnaires from March to June 2016. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and paired t-test using SPSS 23.0 program. Results indicated that the simulation-based preoperative and postoperative care nursing program significantly increased problem solving ability and critical thinking disposition. However, academic self-efficacy was not significantly increased. To improve problem solving ability and critical thinking disposition among Korean nursing students, it will be necessary to provide nursing students with a simulation-based nursing education program. Such programs including various structured scenarios should be applied to diverse practice subjects in the nursing curriculum.

Dopant Concentration Dependence of Ferroelectric Characteristic Change of Silicon doped HfO₂ MFM(Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal) Structure

Moonyoung Jung,Youngji Noh,Jungkyu Yoon,Seunghyeon Hong,Seung-eon Ahn 한국진공학회 2018 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2018 No.8

옥천변성대 탄산염 암석의 탄소와 산소 동위원소 조성 및 그 지질학적 의미

하영지(Youngji Ha),박계헌(Kye-Hun Park),김명정(Myoung Jung Kim),송용선(Yong-Sun Song),조경오(Kyungo Cho) 한국암석학회 2021 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

Quantitative compositional analysis of In_<i>x</i>Ga_1−<i>x</i>N/GaN multiquantum wells in light-emitting diodes

Cho, Youngji,Park, Jung Sik,Yang, Jun-Mo,Park, Kyung Jin,Park, Yun Chang,Chang, Jiho,Lee, Sang Geul,Han, Kwan-Young Published for the Materials Research Society by th 2015 Journal of materials research Vol.30 No.19

<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>A quantitative analysis of In concentration in InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells in light-emitting diodes was carried out using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-angle annual dark-field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM). The In composition in InGaN was evaluated by the precise measurement of <I>c</I>-lattice parameters in the HRTEM micrographs, which increase with increasing In composition. The reliability of the results was confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Quantitative In compositions can, therefore, be determined using HRTEM. We tried to determine the quantitative In compositions in InGaN by analyzing the intensity profiles of the HAADF-STEM images. However, several problems were encountered, such as differences in the thickness of the region observed, carbon contamination, and ion beam damage during specimen preparation. Therefore, relative differences in composition were observed in the HAADF-STEM images.</P></▼2>

Thermochromic Polydiacetylene Nanotube from Amphiphilic Macrocyclic Diacetylene in Aqueous Solution

Heo, Jung-Moo,Son, Youngji,Han, Seulki,Ro, Hyun-Joo,Jun, Sangmi,Kundapur, Umesha,Noh, Jaegeun,Kim, Jong-Man American Chemical Society 2019 Macromolecules Vol.52 No.11

<P>Creation of tubular structures through the self-assembly of macrocyclic molecules has gained great attention in the chemical, biochemical, and material sciences. Through a designed introduction of two octaethylene oxide and two diacetylene moieties, we prepared a macrocycle <B>MCDA-BisOEG</B>, which is water-soluble and photopolymerizable and displays a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The hydrodynamic diameter of <B>MCDA-BisOEG</B>, measured by dynamic light scattering method, was ca. 6.5 nm at 25 °C and increased sharply to ca. 2 μm at temperatures above 34 °C (LCST). Below the LCST, the macrocycle in aqueous solution formed tubular structures, which upon UV irradiation generated blue conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) nanotubes. The PDA nanotubes undergo a blue-to-red color change when heated above the LCST. No polymerization occurs above the LCST owing to the disordered aggregation of the diacetylene monomer. This is the first example of the preparation of a macrocycle-based, thermoresponsive, conjugated polymer nanotube in aqueous solution.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>