Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

석탄 가스화를 통한 전력 생산과 DME 병산 공정에 대한 기초 경제성 분석

유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),조원준 ( Won Jun Cho ),모용기 ( Yong Gi Mo ),송용택 ( Tae Kyong Song ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.6

The key for the commercial deployment of IGCC power plants or chemical (methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.) production plants based on coal gasification is their economic advantage over plants producing electricity or chemicals from crude oil or natural gas. The better economy of coal gasification based plants can be obtained by co-production of electricity and chemicals. In this study, we carried out the economic feasibility analysis on the process of co-producing electricity and DME (dimethyl ether) using coal gasification. The plant’s capacity was 250 MW electric and DME production of 300,000 ton per year. Assuming that the sales price of DME is 500,000 won/ton, the production cost of electricity is in the range of 33~58% of 150.69 won/kwh which is the average of SMP (system marginal price) in 2013, Korea. At present, the sales price of DME in China is approximately 900,000 won/ton. Therefore, there are more potential for lowering the price of co-produced electricity when comparing that from IGCC only. Since the co-production system can not only use the coal gasifier and the gas purification process as a common facility but also can control production rates of electricity and DME depending on the market demand, the production cost of electricity and DME can be significantly reduced compared to the process of producing electricity or DME separately.

論文(론문) : 조선의 名醫 유이태(劉以泰,劉爾泰) 연구

유철호 ( Chulho Yoo ),유원준 ( Won Jun Yoo ),차웅석 ( Wungseok Cha ),홍세영 ( Sae Young Hong ),김남일58 ( Nam Il Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objective: Two famous medical doctors, Yoo Itae(以泰, 爾泰) and Riu Euitae(義泰), have been well known in academic world and public in Sancheong-gun. Yoo Itae is the progenitor of Majinhak which is the therapy for measles, he wrote a “Majinpyun” as the first book of therapy for measles in Chosun. Riu Euitae, meanwhile, is a fictional medical doctor and a teacher of Heo Jun who became real without confirmation of historical truths by Roh Jeongwoo who heard about a name, Yoo Itae. Roh`s assertion was quoted in the report of literatures, papers, novel, and telecast without verification. His assertion is exposed in novel and media and it has seriously distorted the history. The purpose of this study is to rectify the historical distortion. Methods: Various references study was performed. Confirmed a family tree, birth and death year, birthplace, sepulture, words on a tombstone, writing, collections of works anthology and the existence of keepsake. Investigated records of royal family, Sancheong-gun papers, Sancheong Hyanggyo papers, Dongyuhagan, Chosun Hanryuseungram and the record of Sawoo Munjip(anthology). Analyzed Roh Jungwoo`s conversation that tells Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun and contents of an encyclopedia. Listened to testimony of descendants and assertions of historian in rural area. Verified voice recording on books taken from at birthplace and the space of activity. Results: Yoo Itae is well shown in various records and medical writing books, whereas Riu Euitae does not. Riu Euitae is not a real person in the history. Roh Jeongwoo who asserts Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun admits his mistake. But, the encyclopedia record describing Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun, government official at Sancheong district office, historians in rural area, historians in rural area who made a family shrine, gravestone, a statue, memorial, historic site of Riu Euitae on Jinju Rui could not suggest any evidences for the existence of Riu Euitae and for record Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun. Conclusion : Riu Euitae is neither a real person in the history nor a teacher of Heo Jun. Riu Euitae came from pronunciation confusion between ‘I’ and ‘Eui’ in Kyungsang province. Riu Euitae is Yoo Itae on Geochang Yoo who was a medical doctor of King, Sukjeong and wrote medical books including <Majinpyun>, <Silheomdanbang>, <Inseomungyunrog>.

Dietary fat-associated osteoarthritic chondrocytes gain resistance to lipotoxicity through PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27

Lee, Sung Won,Rho, Jee Hyun,Lee, Sang Yeob,Chung, Won Tae,Oh, Yoo Jin,Kim, Jung Ha,Yoo, Seung Hee,Kwon, Woo Young,Bae, Ju Yong,Seo, Su Young,Sun, Hokeun,Kim, Hye Young,Yoo, Young Hyun Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Bone research. Vol.6 No.-

<▼1><P>Free fatty acids (FFAs), which are elevated with metabolic syndrome, are considered the principal offender exerting lipotoxicity. Few previous studies have reported a causal relationship between FFAs and osteoarthritis pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which FFAs exert lipotoxicity and induce osteoarthritis remains largely unknown. We here observed that oleate at the usual clinical range does not exert lipotoxicity while oleate at high pathological ranges exerted lipotoxicity through apoptosis in articular chondrocytes. By investigating the differential effect of oleate at toxic and nontoxic concentrations, we revealed that lipid droplet (LD) accumulation confers articular chondrocytes, the resistance to lipotoxicity. Using high fat diet-induced osteoarthritis models and articular chondrocytes treated with oleate alone or oleate plus palmitate, we demonstrated that articular chondrocytes gain resistance to lipotoxicity through protein kinase casein kinase 2 (PKCK2)—six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2)—and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27)-mediated LD accumulation. We further observed that the exertion of FFAs-induced lipotoxicity was correlated with the increased concentration of cellular FFAs freed from LDs, whether FFAs are saturated or not. In conclusion, PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27-mediated sequestration of FFAs in LD rescues osteoarthritic chondrocytes. PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27 should be considered for interventions against metabolic OA.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Oil droplets protect cartilage from toxic fatty acids</B></P><P>Cartilage tissue deals with the stress of exposure to free fatty acids by sequestering the toxic molecules into sub-cellular oil droplets. Young Hyun Yoo from Dong-A University College of Medicine in Busan, South Korea, and coworkers exposed rat cartilage cells to increasing levels of a fatty acid called oleate, a by-product of fat metabolism, and observed that the accumulation of oil droplets conferred resistance to oleate-induced toxicity. In these rat cells and in experiments involving mouse models of osteoarthritis fed a high-fat diet, the researchers then identified three of the protective proteins needed for cartilage tissue to properly quarantine fatty acids into oil droplets. Those proteins — and their connected regulatory networks — could now serve as drug targets for treating metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis.</P></▼2>

Clinical Impact of Exosomal microRNA in Liver Fibrosis: Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis

( Young Chang ),( Jae-a Han ),( Suk Min Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Tom Ryu ),( Han Seul Park ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Orotate in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Previously Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Multi-Center, Open Label, Prospective Study

( Young Chang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Hyung Woong Lee ),( Suyeon Park ) 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

H6C Score as a Novel Prognostic Model in Cirrhotic Patients with Low Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Scores

( Young Chang ),( Ki Tae Suk ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Seong Hee Kang ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Moo 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: We aimed to derive a model to discriminate cirrhotic patients with poor prognosis even if the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is low. Methods: This study enrolled 700 cirrhotic patients with MELD score of less than 20 who underwent hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement. A novel model using HVPG to predict overall survival was derived and specified as the H6C score. Internal and external validations were conducted with the derivation and validation cohorts. Results: The H6C score using the HVPG and Child-Pugh scores was developed on the basis of a multivariate Cox regression analysis. The H6C score showed great predictive power for overall survival with a time-dependent AUC of 0.733, which was superior to that of a MELD of 0.602. In patients with viral etiology, the performance of the H6C score was much improved with a time-dependent AUC of 0.850 and was consistently superior to that of the MELD (0.748). Patients with an H6C score below 45 demonstrated an excellent overall survival with a 5-year survival rate of 91.5%. Whereas patients with an H6C score above 64 showed a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 51.1%. The performance of the H6C score was further verified to be excellent in the validation cohort. Conclusions: This new model using the HVPG provides better predictive power than the MELD in cirrhotic patients, especially with viral etiology. In patients with H6C above 64, it would be wise to consider early liver transplantation in order to positively impact long-term survival, even when these patients have a low MELD score.

Alcohol, NAFLD, Other : Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Negatively Associated to Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy

( Won Mook Choi ),( Jeong Hoon Lee ),( Young Ju Lee ),( Young Youn Cho ),( Minjong Lee ),( Jeong Ju Yoo ),( Yuri Cho ),( Dong Hyeon Lee ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung Hwan Yo 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background & Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic syndrome and obesity which are associated with an increased cancer risk. In this study, we investigated the association between NAFLD and prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy using imaging modalities. Methods: In total, consecutive 312 prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2005 and 2008 in Seoul National University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) were included in this study. The presence of NAFLD, body mass index (BMI), prediagnostic prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and pathologic findings including Gleason score were analyzed with regard to their associations with BCR. NAFLD was diagnosed based on clinical information and ultrasonography or non-contrast CT images. BCR-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 222 patients were analyzed after 90 patients were excluded. We excluded patients with double primary cancers or evidence of liver disease of other etiologies including viral hepatitis, and patients who were treated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy or who failed to achieve PSA nadir < 0.1 ng/ mL. During a median follow-up period of 54 (range, 51-57) months, 45 (20.3%) patients developed BCR. Patients with NAFLD showed significantly better BCR-free survival (P=0.001 by log rank test), while patients grouped according to BMI failed to show any statistical significance (P=0.861). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.76; P=0.014) and pathological Gleason score (compared to <7, 7: HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.92-7.87, >7: HR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.42-25.52; P=0.049) were independent predictive factors of BCR. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, the results of our study have shown that NAFLD may play a protective role against BCR after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. It is warranted to elucidate the mechanism of protective effect, such as the change in male hormone level, in patients with NAFLD.

Chronic type 2 diabetes reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by reducing tight junction proteins in the hippocampus

YOO, Dae Young,YIM, Hee Sun,JUNG, Hyo Young,NAM, Sung Min,KIM, Jong Whi,CHOI, Jung Hoon,SEONG, Je Kyung,YOON, Yeo Sung,KIM, Dae Won,HWANG, In Koo The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2016 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.78 No.6

<P>In the present study, we investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and tight junction markers in the rat hippocampus. Forty-week-old diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats and littermate control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats were used in this study. We evaluated the integrity of the blood–brain barrier by measuring sodium fluorescein extravasation and blood vessel ultrastructure. In addition, tight junction markers, such as zona occludens-1, occludin and claudin-5, were quantified by western blot analysis. ZDF rats showed significantly increased sodium fluorescein leakage in the hippocampus. Tight junction markers, such as occludin and claudin-5, were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of ZDF rats compared to those of ZLC rats. In addition, ZDF rats showed ultrastructural changes with phagocytic findings in the blood vessels. These results suggest that chronic untreated diabetes impairs the permeability of the hippocampal blood–brain barrier by down-regulating occludin and claudin-5, indicating that chronic untreated diabetes may cause hippocampus-dependent dysfunction.</P>

HBsAg Level Change in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Who Achieved Virological Response with Oral Antiviral Agents

( Won Hyeok Choe ),( So Young Kwon ),( Byung-chul Yoo ),( Jeong Han Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Oral antiviral agents are main stay of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment and most patients can achieve virological response (VR, undetectable HBV DNA). However, final end point is HBsAg loss and seroconversion. We aimed to evaluate HBsAg level change in CHB patients who achived VR with oral antiviral agents. Methods: This is a retrospective study and the treatment naive CHB patients who achived VR with oral antiviral agents in Konkuk university hospital more than 3 years were enrolled. HBsAg level change was analyzed with Friedman test. Results: Total 105 patients were included in this study. Median age was 51 years and 33 patients were male (31.4%). HBeAg positive patients were 60 (57.1%), cirrhosis patients were 45 (42.9%) and hepatocellular carcinoma patients were 15 (14.3%). Used agents were lamivudine (LMV) in 45 patients (42.9%), entecavir (ETV) in 45 patients (42.9%) and tenofovir (TDF) in 15 patients (14.3%). During 3 years teatment, HBsAg level was reduced from mean 3.24 (log10 IU/mL) to 3.11 (log10 IU/mL) significantly (p=0.005). In subanalysis according to HBeAg status and agents, only ETV treated patients showed significant HBsAg reduction (p=0.001). During 5 years treatment except TDF treated patients due to short duration, HBeAg negative (p<0.001), LMV treated (p=0.001), ETV treated (p=0.038) patients showed significant HBsAg reduction. Conclusions: Successful oral antiviral agents treatment can lead to HBsAg reduction in CHB patients. More powerful agent may reduce HBsAg more rapidly especially in HBeAg negative patients.