Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

적응 뉴로 퍼지 시스템(ANFIS)을 이용한 고저항 고장 검출에 관한 연구

배영철 麗水大學校 産業基術硏究所 1999 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The analysis of distribution line faults is essential to the proper protections of the power system. A high impedance fault does not make enough current to cause the appropriate action of conventional protective devices. From a Staged high impedance fault test, which was carried in Korean electric power systems, it was found that a arcing phenomenon occurred during the high level portion of conductor voltage in each cycle. In this paper, we propose a new method for detection of high impedance faults, which uses the arcing fault current difference during high voltage and low voltage and low voltage portion of conductor voltage waveform. To extract this difference, we divided one cycle fault current into equal spanned four data windows according to the magnitude of voltage waveform and applied fast fourier transform(FFT) to each data window. The frequency spectrum of current waveform in each portion are used as the inputs of ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) and is trained to detect high impedance faults. The proposed method shows improved accuracy when applied to staged fault data.

재식한 흰쥐 구치 치수조직의 재혈관화와 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유의 변화

배용철,이승봉,김영진,남순현,김현정 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

치아 재식 후 시간경과에 따른 치수조직의 재혈관화와 신경재지배의 변화를 관찰하기위해 생후 35일된 흰쥐(Sprague dawley) 56마리를 대상으로 상악우측 제1대구치를 발치 즉시 재식한 후 1일, 2일, 3일, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주 간격으로 희생시켜 먹물을 이용한 혈관조영술과 CGRP를 이용한 면역조직화학적방법으로 각기 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 재혈관화와 CGRP 면역반응신경섬유의 재지배는 재식후 1일에서 근심측 치수조직에서는 이미 이루어졌으나 원심측은 미약했다. 재식후 2일에 전치수조직에서 재혈관화와 신경재지배가 이루어졌으며 이후 6주까지 시간경과에 따라 분포밀도가 증가하였으나 대조군에 비해서는 약하게 나타났다. 2. 재식후 1주에서부터 술후 상아질이 형성되기 시작하였으며 재식후 6주에서는 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 치수강이 좁아진 양상을 보였다. 3. 재혈관화와 신경재지배는 거의 같은 시기에 이루어지는 것으로 나타났으며 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the revascularization and reinnervation of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves in immediately replanted rat molars. First maxillary right molars in 56 rats(35days old) were extracted and immediately replanted. The rats were killed 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after replantation and revascularization of pulpal blood vessels were examined microangiogram with korean traditional ink and reinnervation of pulpal nerve were examined immunohistochemical method using calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) antiserum. The results were as follows; 1. Revascularization and reinnervation of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed mesial side whole pulp tissue of replanted teeth. Revascularization and reinnervation of CGRP immunoreactive fiber were made at 2days after replantation in entire pulp of replanted teeth and the distribution density of blood vessels were gradually increased according time elapsed, but did not achieve the density of control. 2. Postoperative dentin formation in replanted teeth revealed at 1 week after replantaton and gradually increased according to time elapsed. 3. Revascularization and Reinnervation of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were established at the same time and it seems to be closed relatationship between revascularization and reinnervation.

혼돈 해석에 기초한 고저항 고장전류의 특징 추출에 관한 연구

배영철 麗水大學校 産業基術硏究所 1999 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Previous studies on high impedance faults assumed that the erratic behavior of fault current would be random. In this paper, we prove that the nature of the high impedance faults is indeed a deterministic chaos, not a random motion. Algorithms for estimating Lyapunov spectrum and the largest Lyapunov exponent are applied to various fault currents in order to evaluate the orbital instability peculiar to deterministic chaos dynamically, and fractal dimensions of fault currents, which represent geometrical self-similarity are calculated. In addition, qualitative analysis such as phase planes, Poincare maps Obtained from fault currents indicate that the irregular behavior is described by strange attractor.

Chua 발진기 회로의 하드웨어 구현

배영철 麗水水産大學校産業技術硏究所 1998 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Chua's oscillator is a simple electronic circuit which exhibits a variety of bifurcation phenomena and attractors. It consist of two capacitors, and inductor, two linear resistors, and a nonlinear resistor. When the circuit exhibits chaotic signals, the nonlinear resistor of Chua's oscillator may have six different voltage-current characteristics. In this paper, the design methodology for practical implementation of the nonlinear resistors which have all these characteristics is described. In addition, the effectiveness of result is shown by not only the computer simulation but also the experimental test.

치수유래 구심성 신경섬유의 삼차신경 감각핵군에서의 연접특성

배용철,이은희,최민기,홍수형,김현정,남순현,김영진 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

일차연접부위에서 악안면 영역에서 유래하는 유해자극의 전달 및 처리기전을 이해하고자 horseradish pe개xidase를 치수지배 구심성 신경섬유를 표식한 후 연수후각에서 미세구조 및 연절 양상을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 표식종말은 소수의 큰 치밀소포가 관찰되는 종말 (S형) 및 다수의 치밀소포를 함유하는 종말 (LDCV형)등 2종류로 분류할 수 있었다. S형 및 LDCV형 표식종말의 연접양식은 유사하였으며, 다수의 표식종말이 1개 혹은 2개의 neurofile과 연접을 이루어 대단히 단순한 연접양상을 보였다. 표식종말은 가지돌기체 보다는 다수의 가지돌기가시와 연접을 이루는 빈도가 높았다. 표식종말이 세포체 및 이에 인접한 근심부 가지돌기와 연접하는 경우는 드물었으며, 소수의 표식종말에서 p-ending과 연접하는 경우를 보였다. 표식종말의 체적, 표면적, 사립체의 체적, neurofile과 접하는 면적, 활성부위의 면적, 단위표식종말당 연접소포의 수 및 연접소포의 밀도등은 넓은 범위의 계측치를 나타내었으며, 이는 5명 및 LDCV형 표식종말 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 연수후각에서 치수유래 구심성 신경섬유 종말의 연접양식은 고유의 특징을 보이며 이는 신경회로의 기능과 밀접한 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 판단되었다. Little is known about processing mechanism of pain sensation of the oral cavity at the 1st synapse of trigeminal sensory nuclei. Serial ultrathin sections of tooth pulp afferent terminals, identified by the transganglionic transport of 1% wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase, were investigated wih electron microscope. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis was performed on digitizing tablet connected to Macintoshi personal computer (software: NIH Image 1.60, NIH, Bethesda, MD). Labeled boutons could be classified into two types by the shapes of containing vesicles : S bouton which contained mainly spherical vesicles (Dia. 45-55 nm) and few large dense cored vesicles (Dia. 80-120nm), and LDCV bouton, which contained spherical vesicles as well as large number of large dense coredd vesicles. Most of the parameters on the ultrastruotural characteristic and synaptic organization of labeled boutons were similar between S and LDCV boutons, except shapes of containing vesicles. Majority of the labeled boutons showed simple synaptic arrangement. The labeled bouton were frequency presynaptic to dendritic spine, and to a lesser extent, dendritic shaft. They rarely synapsed with soma and adjacent proximal dendrite. A small proportion of labeled boutons made synaptic contacts with presynaptic pleomorphic vesicless containing endings and synaptic triad. Morphometric parameters of labeled boutons including volume and surface area, total apposed area, mitochondrial volume, active zone area, vesicle number and density showed wide variation and theme were not significantly different between S and LDCV boutons. The present study revealed characteristic features on ultrastructure and synaptic connection of pulpal afferents which may involved in transmission of oral pain sensation.

도로명 및 건물번호 부여사업에서 고해상도 위성영상의 활용

배선학,김창환,신영철 한국지리정보학회 2003 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.6 No.4

본 연구는 현재 각 기초 지자체 단위로 시행하고 있는 도로명 및 건물번호 부여사업의 현장조사 및 기본도 검수를 위하여 고해상도의 위성영상을 활용하는 것을 그 내용으로 한다. 대부분의 지방자치단체는 기존의 축척 1/1,000과 1/5,000 수치지도록 제작된 기본도에만 의존하여 현장조사를 진행하여 왔으며, 이 과정에서 현장조사자의 사전지식 부족 및 기본도의 현시성 결여 등으로 인하여 사업초기 상당한 시행착오를 겪는다. 따라서 본 연구는 도로명 및 건물번호 부여 사업에서 기존의 국립지리원 수치지도에 근거한 기본도를 보완하기 위한 방안으로 고해상도 위성영상의 활용가능성을 제시한다. 그 동안의 위성영상은 낮은 해상도로 인하여 상대적으로 면적이 좁고 토지 이용이 조밀한 우리나라의 실정에 적합하지 못하였으나, 1m 내외의 공간해상도를 지니는 고해상도 위성영상이 상용화되면서 우리나라에서도 점차 그 활용 분야가 넓어지고 있다. 또한 기존의 vector기반의 수치지도와의 상호 보완을 위한 연계 활용도 점차 증가하고 있다. 연구 결과, 도로명 및 건물번호 부여사업에서 고해상도 위성영상의 활용은 그 결과적인 측면뿐만 아니라 비용적인 측면에서도 타당성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 사업을 통하여 구축된 위성영상 자료는 도시계획 등 타 분야에서도 활용이 가능하여 지방자치단체의 기초 공간자료로서도 활용도가 높다. The point of this research in the use of the high resolution satellite image for local government's new address system, as well as spatially field investigation support and base map error finding. Most local governments use scale 1/1,000 and 1/5,000 digital map for base map and field investigation. But field investigator's knowledge insufficiency and the lack of base map's currency make things too difficult from the beginning of the project. As the way of solving this problem, this research offers the use of the high resolution satellite image in new address system with cadence data of digital base map. Until now satellite image is not suitable for our situation because it has low resolution. But this problem was solved for 1m space resolution satellite image and it is being applied wider and wider. Now vector data and Raster data are integrated for complimenting of each weak point. In this study the use of the high resolution satellite image in new address system is expected to improve the quality of the results and reduce the expenses. In addition the satellite image can use local government's fundamental data.

물체의 표면 반사특성을 고려한 이치화 및 물체 복원

배철민,문영식 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1996 工學技術論文集 Vol.5 No.1

In many vision tasks one of the major obstacles is the specular highlight of smooth objects, which causes a misinterpretation of objects. The paper presents an efficient algorithm for highlight detection and object reconstruction, based on the theory of photometric stereo in which the location of highlight changes as the position of illumination source changes. Two images, referred to as base image and reference image, are sequentially taken with two different positions of the illumination source but from the same viewing direction. The reference image is normalized by the average of the two images. The difference image is thresholded to detect the specular spike of the highlight. Then the specular lobe around the specular spike is detected to reconstruct the object. The proposed algorithm can be applied to metals and dielectrics, regardless of the surface characteristics. This method can also be applied to the case when the background is brighter than the object.

성장발육에 따른 흰쥐의 악관절 신경분포의 변화

배용철,김영진,박국필,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in rat squamosomandibular joint with postnatal development. Squamosomandibular joint with adjacent tissue of 8 groups of rats(1,5,10,15,20,25,35-postnatal day and adult groups) were removed en bloc and processed for immunohistochemistry and were subjected to light microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The anterior portion of the articular disk was most densely innervated, followed by the posterior, lateral, and medial portions in each group. 2. Increase of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers was evident in 10,15,20 postnatal day groups. 3. Almost no CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in articular surface of disk proper, mandibular fossa and condyle head of each group. These result suggest that CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers increased in synovial membrane and peripheral portion of articular disk during 10-20 postnatal day may play a important role in squamosomandibular joint function after weaning period.

중세 한국의 Sticksports에 대한 새로운 이해 I : 궁중 Sports로서의 Golfsports에 대하여

배영호,오만원,정구철 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1995 체육과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

To attempt new understanding of the traditional sports played from ancester, present study was focused on the entity of TAGU sticksports played by korean king's palace in the medieval times. Sticksports called Kyukgu, Tagu or Bonghee in the korean king's palace, as it's characteristic and traits, were very similar with present golf sports. And these sticksportdgolfsportts) were very prevalanced in the Korean Royal family from the beginning of the medieval times in this investigation results. Sticksports like Polo, these sports are seem to be introduced into the Korean Royal family from China in 12-13 century. As a results of investigation on the origin of golfsports controversy, the origin place of golfsports is not England or European country, but Asian country. The reasons are as follows ; 1) The origin times of golfsports was known generally from the beginning of the 13 century, but golfsports called Chui-Wan or Tagu(Bonghee) were played already in 11 century in East Asian countries. 2) In contrast of golfsports characteristics to "Soule a la Crosse" of Europe with "Chui-Wan" or "Tagu(Bonghee)" of East Asia, Chui-Wan or Tagu is advanced in 'Spielgedanke' and sports style of present golf than those of Soule a la Crosse of Europe. 3) Crosse, Golf, kolf, Golfen and kolben mean only stick, but Chui-Wan, Tagu(Bonghee) mean not only stick but also striking the ball by stick.