Substitution of Wheat for Corn in Beef Cattle Diets: Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Serum Metabolite Contents and Ruminal Fermentation

Liu, Y.F.,Zhao, H.B.,Liu, X.M.,You, W.,Cheng, H.J.,Wan, F.C.,Liu, G.F.,Tan, X.W.,Song, E.L.,Zhang, X.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.10

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different amounts of wheat, as a partial or whole substitute for corn, on digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, serum metabolite contents and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle. Four Limousin${\times}$LuXi crossbred cattle with a body weight ($400{\pm}10kg$), fitted with permanent ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas, were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four treatments: Control (100% corn), 33% wheat (33% substitution for corn), 67% wheat (67% substitution for corn), and 100% wheat (100% substitution for corn) on a dry matter basis. The results showed that replacing corn with increasing amounts of wheat increased the apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p<0.05). While the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower with increasing amounts of wheat. Digestive enzyme activities of lipase, protease and amylase in the duodenum were higher with increasing wheat amounts (p<0.05), and showed similar results to those for the enzymes in the ileum except for amylase. Increased substitution of wheat for corn increased the serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between those given only corn and those given 33% wheat. Increasing the substitution of wheat for corn increased the molar proportion of acetate and tended to increase the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Cattle fed 100% wheat tended to have the lowest ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration compared with control (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed among the cattle fed 33% and 67% wheat. These findings indicate that wheat can be effectively used to replace corn in moderate amounts to meet the energy and fiber requirements of beef cattle.

Simulation and Analysis for Error from Satellite Capture Segment Anti-spoofing

Liu You-ming,Feng Qi,LIiTing-jun 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.9

The anti deception technology of the capture section is put forward, which is based on the idea of three-dimensional space compression domain. In the first part, the acquisition range of the signal is strictly controlled and the difficulty of the attack is increased. Doppler frequency and code phase estimation error are the key factor to affect the performance of the technology. The smaller the estimation error is, the more accurate the position of the real signal can be accurately determined.

Simulation and Analysis for Error from Satellite Tracking Segment Anti-spoofing

Liu You-ming,Feng Qi,Li Ting-jun 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.8

It is the first and most important step in the detection of satellite navigation deception attack. For the detection of the regenerative deception attack, a method based on carrier phase tracking spectrum analysis is proposed. The simulation experiment results show that this method can be used in the case that the false alarm probability is no more than 0.5%, and the detection probability is almost 100%. The method is not necessary for the transformation of the hardware, the signal processing module in the software receiver can be added to the corresponding processing module, and the detection of the deception attack can be realized.

Effects of Three Feeding Systems on Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Digesta Particle Structure of Beef Cattle

Liu, Y.F.,Sun, F.F.,Wan, F.C.,Zhao, H.B.,Liu, X.M.,You, W.,Cheng, H.J.,Liu, G.F.,Tan, X.W.,Song, E.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight ($575{\pm}10kg$) in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.

Influence of Semi-active Suspension on Running Safety of Vehicles

Liu, Hong-You,Yu, Da-Lian The Korean Society for Railway 2010 International Journal of Railway Vol.3 No.2

Railway vehicles equipped with semi-active suspension system can improve the ride quality of car bodies. Semi-active suspension system is usually applied onto high speed train, and therefore higher running safety requirement is desirable. The influence of semi-active suspension system on safety of vehicles running on straight line and curve line is studied, and the influences of sky hook damping coefficient and system time-delay on operational safety of cars fitted with semiactive suspension system is analyzed. The results show that in vehicles equipped with semi-active suspension system, while the vibration of car body is decreased, the running safety of cars is not affected to any significant degree. As a result, the ride quality is much improved with negligible deterioration of the running safety of cars.

Molecular engineering of indoline based organic sensitizers for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Liu, Bo,Liu, Qingbin,You, Dan,Li, Xiaoyan,Naruta, Yoshinori,Zhu, Weihong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.26

<P>The increasing electron-donating ability of the donor part is focused to further optimize the light-harvesting capability. Our strategy is to introduce an additional donor group into the indoline unit in the donor part to form a donor–donor structure (D–D moiety). Three different units (carbazole, fluorene and 4-methylphenyl groups) with different degrees of electron-donating capability are incorporated, thus constructing the specific donor–donor–π–acceptor (D–D–π–A) system (C-CA, F-CA and I-3) and giving a systematic view of the absorption evolution. Through molecular engineering, their light-harvesting capabilities, energy levels and photovoltaic performances were studied. As expected, utilizing strong electron-donating carbazole unit as additional donor, the IPCE spectrum of DSSC based on C-CA is successfully broadened to NIR region on the premise of suitable LUMO level, with an extraordinarily high plateau in visible region till around 700 nm. In the system of C-CA and F-CA, the introduction of <I>n</I>-pentyl group in donor part of carbazole and fluorene unit has little effect on preventing the molecular π-aggregation due to the good co-planarity of π-linker (vinyl thiophene), suggesting that the most effective way to prevent π-aggregation is still the incorporation of long alkyl groups into planar π-linker segment. However, the introducing long alkyl group can effectively prevent the electron recombination between electrons in conduction band (CB) of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> ions. Along with the preferable light-harvesting capability, C-CA presents excellent IPCE performance with a short-circuit photocurrent (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) of 18.53 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, an open-circuit photovoltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) of 649 mV, a fill factor of 0.71, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>) of 8.49%. The internal relations between chemical structure and conversion efficiency provide a strategy for developing highly efficient organic sensitizers working in whole visible region with high photovoltaic performance.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Utilizing a carbazole unit as additional donor, the photoresponse of C-CA is broadened to the NIR region with a <I>η</I> of 8.49%. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm31704d'> </P>

Research on Anti-Spoofing and Detection Technology in Satellite Positioning Section

Liu You-ming,Feng Qi,Li Ting-jun 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.8

The detector performance depends on the clock accuracy and the model, the clock parameters estimation error will lead to a decline in the performance of the detectors. Therefore, in order to reach the detector achieves a set of performance, it need to adjust the receiver of the crystal quality. In this paper, the method of detecting the clock states of the satellite navigation receiver is used to detect the receiver. The clock state model of the receiver is established in the static and motion mode, and the time variation of the clock state is analyzed.

Passive Track and Location Method with TDOA for Moving Target

Liu You-ming,Feng Qi,Li Ting-jun 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.8

Aiming at the problem of passive tracking of moving target, this paper establishes a mathematical model for the multi station time difference location and passive tracking of the moving radiation source and proposes a passive tracking algorithm based on extended Calman filter (Kalman Filter Extended, EKF). At first, the two order constant velocity motion model is established, the initial value and the initial co-variance of the Cal-man filter are used as the initial value and the initial co-variance of the system. The simulation results show that the extended Cal-man filter is used to achieve the real-time results of the time difference location. The positioning accuracy is greatly improved, and the target trajectory is more obvious. The tracking results can be approximate. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the engineering experiments.

Down-regulation of Phosphoglucose Isomerase/Autocrine Motility Factor Enhances Gensenoside Rh2 Pharmacological Action on Leukemia KG1α Cells

You, Zhi-Mei,Zhao, Liang,Xia, Jing,Wei, Qiang,Liu, Yu-Min,Liu, Xiao-Yan,Chen, Di-Long,Li, Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Aims and Background: Ginsenoside Rh2, which exerts the potent anticancer action both in vitro and in vivo, is one of the most well characterized ginsenosides extracted from ginseng. Although its effects on cancer are significant, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate possible links between ginsenoside Rh2 and phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF). Methods: $KG1{\alpha}$, a leukemia cell line highly expressing PGI/AMF was assessed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription- PCR (RT-PCR) assay after transfection of a small interfering (si)-RNA to silence PGI/AMF. The effect of PGI/AMF on proliferation was measured by typan blue assay and antibody array. A cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) were adopted to investigate the effects of Rh2 on PGI/AMF. The relationships between PGI/AMF and Rh2 associated with Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rag were detected by western blot analysis. Results: KG1${\alpha}$ cells expressed PGI/AMF and its down-regulation significantly inhibited proliferation. The antibody array indicated that the probable mechanism was reduced expression of PARP, State1, SAPK/JNK and Erk1/2, while those of PRAS40 and p38 were up-regulated. Silencing of PGI/AMF enhanced the sensibility of $KG1{\alpha}$ to Rh2 by suppressing the expression of mTOR, Raptor and Akt. Conclusion: These results suggested that ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the proliferation of $KG1{\alpha}$, the same as down-regulation of PGI/AMF. Down-regulation of PGI/AMF enhanced the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on KG1${\alpha}$ by reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.

THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY SET THEORY IN STATE ESTIMATION OF POWER SYSTEM

Liu You Bin,Liu Zuo,Yue Yan 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 Conference Vol.1992 No.2