전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

임신 40주와 출산 후 6주에 있는 20대 임산부 보행의 역학적 특성 비교

윤희중,문동안,정남주,금명숙,이경식,유실,김영란,한윤수 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 임신 40주와 출산후 6주간에 있는 임산부의 보행 동작의 특정을 규명함으로써 이와 관련된 연구자들에게 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 임신 4주에 있는 임산부를 대상으로 1차 실험을 실시하였으며 동일한 대상자를 출산후 6주에 2차로 실험하여 자료를 수집하였다. 디지타이징 시 오차를 최소화하고 인체관절점의 분별을 위해 21개의 반사마커를 부착하였다. 10m의 보행주로를 걷는 동안 두 대의 비디오카메라를 이용하여60Hz로 자료를 수집하였으며 동시에 100Hz 지면반력자료를 수집하였다.수집되어진 자료는 DLT 방법을 사용하여 분석하였으며 이의 분석에 Kwon3d 프로그램을 활용하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 임신 40주와 출산 후 6주의 보행 시 지지시간과 스윙시간의 비율이 다르게 나타났으며 보폭과 보간, 활보장은 임신 40주에서 더 큰 값을 보였다. 상체 전경각 역시 임신 40주에서 더 큰 값을 보였다. 힙관절, 무릎관절, 발목관절각도는 S1이 출산후 6주에서 큰 값을 보인반면 S2는 출산전후에 큰 변화를 보이지 않다. 2. 상하지면반력의 경우 FP1과 FP2는 임신 40주보다는 출산 6주에서 큰값을 보였지만 FP3는 임신 40주에서 보다 큰값을 보이고 있었다. 전후지면반력의 경우 출산전과 후 모두 Fy2에서 보다 큰 값을 보이고 있었다. This Study was to investigate kinematical characteristic comparison of the gait pregnant 40weeks and after delivery 6weeks 20´s women and provide the basic data. To accomplish this study, in the first, carry out an experiment with the pregnant women in the pregnant 40weeks on the videotape, and than the second, make an experiment with the kinematic data. Kinematic data were filtered with a low-pass, fourth-order Butterworth filter with an effective cut off frequency of 6Hz. The conclusions were drawn as follows; 1. Floor contact Periods(stance and swing rate) were differed from before and after the delivery and a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than after delivery 6 weeks in the step, width, stride. Also, a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than after delivery 6 weeks in the front angular. And the other angular components were represented similar pattern. 2. In the vertical load, delivery 6 weeks was grater than a pregnant 40 weeks in the FP1(first peak) and FP2(valley). And FP3(second peak)was represent that a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than delivery 6 weeks. Also, in the horizontal shear, Fy2(progressional force)was greater than Fy1(breaking force) about time of the delivery.

임신 7 개월 이후 임산부 보행의 역학적 분석

금명숙,유실,김영란,정남주,한윤수,이훈표,윤희중 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was analyzed the effect of kinematical and kinetical factors of lower extremity of form change in the cause of growth an unborn child during in pregnancy. Three pregnant women were selected from pregnant 24 weeks as subjects. Each subjects were required to walk with usual walking speed. Cinematographic and GRF data were collected during walking, and the kinematical and kinetical variables were calculated using Kwon3d. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Step width and Step length Step width according to the period of pregnancy was gradually small but step length was gadually great. 2. Angle of lower extremity The angle of hip, knee and ankle was differed pregnancy on 9 month and other time. 3. Ground reaction force In the three part of ground reaction force, pregnancy on 9 month was most greater than other time.

Bis(dimethyl hydroxyethyl) Tetraspiro Undecane을 함유하는 PET 공중합체의 열적 기계적 성질

정승호(Seung-ho Jeong),이영실(Young Sil Lee),윤관한(Kwan Han Yoon) 한국고분자학회 2019 폴리머 Vol.43 No.1

Bis(dimethyl hydroxyethyl) tetraspiro undecane(BDHTU)의 함량에 따라 PET-BDHTU 공중합체를 제조하였다. 공중합체의 유리전이온도는 BDHTU의 함량에 따라 증가하였고, BDHTU의 함량이 20 mol%일 때 93 ℃로 PET에 비해 23 ℃ 증가하였다. 열변형온도는 PET 값인 60 ℃에서 BDHTU의 함량이 20 mol%인 공중합체에서 69 oC로 9 ℃ 증가하였다. 충격강도는 BDHTU 함량에 따라 증가하였고, PET 값인 8.4 J/m에서 BDHTU의 함량 5 mol%인 공중합체에서 13.2 J/m로 최고값을 보였다. BDHTU 첨가가 탄성률에는 영향을 보이지 않았지만 항복응력의 경우는 BDHTU 함량에 따라 PET의 66.3에서 21.9 MPa까지 감소하였다. 이는 BDHTU의 tetraoxaspiro undecane의 bulky하면서도 강직한 구조에 의해 공중합체의 주사슬의 분절운동이 힘들어지면서 나타난 결과로 보인다. BDHTU 함량에 따른 공중합체의 광투과율은 차이가 없었다. PET-BDHTU copolymers containing bis(dimethyl hydroxyethyl) tetraspiro undecane (BDHTU) were prepared with various BDHTU concentrations. The glass transition temperature of copolymer was increased from 70 ℃ for PET to 93 ℃ for PET-BDHTU copolymer containing 20 mol% of BDHTU. The heat deflection temperature was increased from 60 ℃ to 69 ℃ with the same BDHTU concentration. The impact strength was also increased from 8.4 J/m for PET to 13.2 J/m for PET-BDHTU copolymer containing 5 mol% of BDHTU. The effect of BDHTU on the Young"s modulus was not observed, but the yield stress decreased from 66.3 MPa for PET to 21.9 MPa at 20 mol% loading of BDHTU. These resulted from the difficulty of the segmental motion of the main chain of the copolymer due to the bulky and rigid structure of tetraoxaspiro undecane of BDHTU. The optical transparency of copolymer was not changed with BDHTU concentration.

cAMP-inducible coactivator CRTC3 attenuates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Yoon, Young-Sil,Tsai, Wen-Wei,Van de Velde, Sam,Chen, Zhijiang,Lee, Kuo-Fen,Morgan, Donald A.,Rahmouni, Kamal,Matsumura, Shigenobu,Wiater, Ezra,Song, Youngsup,Montminy, Marc National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.23

<P>In response to cold exposure, placental mammals maintain body temperature by increasing sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Triggering of beta-adrenergic receptors on brown adipocytes stimulates thermogenesis via induction of the cAMP/PKA pathway. Although cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its coactivators-the cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs)-mediate transcriptional effects of cAMP in most tissues, other transcription factors such as ATF2 appear critical for induction of thermogenic genes by cAMP in BAT. Brown adipocytes arise from Myf5-positive mesenchymal cells under the control of PRDM16, a coactivator that concurrently represses differentiation along the skeletal muscle lineage. Here, we show that the CREB coactivator CRTC3 is part of an inhibitory feedback pathway that antagonizes PRDM16-dependent differentiation. Mice with a knockout of CRTC3 in BAT (BKO) have increased cold tolerance and reduced adiposity, whereas mice overexpressing constitutively active CRTC3 in adipose tissue are more cold sensitive and have greater fat mass. CRTC3 reduced sympathetic nerve activity in BAT by up-regulating the expression of miR-206, a microRNA that promotes differentiation along the myogenic lineage and that we show here decreases the expression of VEGFA and neurotrophins critical for BAT innervation and vascularization. Sympathetic nerve activity to BAT was enhanced in BKO mice, leading to increases in catecholamine signaling that stimulated energy expenditure. As reexpression of miR-206 in BAT from BKO mice reversed the salutary effects of CRTC3 depletion on cold tolerance, our studies suggest that small-molecule inhibitors against this coactivator may provide therapeutic benefit to overweight individuals.</P>

Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion Was Impaired in Male TallyHo mice

Yoon-Young Sung,Young-Sil Lee,Won Hoon Jung,Hee-Youn Kim,Sang Dal Rhee,Sung-Don Yang 한국실험동물학회 2004 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Partial Purification and Characterization of a Novel Antifungal Compound against Aspergillus spp. from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Young-sil Yoon,Choul-gyun Lee 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.4

The antifungal compound AK-3 is purified and characterized from intracellular metabolites of the unicellular cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. AK-3 clearly had antifungal effects upon growth of the fungi Aspergillus spp. From 2 g of dry cell powder, 4.8 mg of AK-3 was obtained with a yield of 0.24%. Its structure was elucidated by NMR, UV spectra, amino acid analysis by chemical degradation, and MS measurements, including MALDI-TOF and MS-MS techniques. AK-3 contains a high level of antifungal activity compared to itraconazole and is seemingly a new compound based on its amino acid composition. Extraction was performed with an acetic acid/water mixture (pH 3.0) while detection at UV 214 nm found AK-3 did not react with ninhydrin. These results suggest that this compound is a cyclic peptide with high hydrophilicity and a phenolic ring.

Formation of elongated giant mitochondria in DFO-induced cellular senescence: Involvement of enhanced fusion process through modulation of Fis1

Yoon, Young-Sil,Yoon, Dong-Sun,Lim, In Kyoung,Yoon, Soo-Han,Chung, Hae-Young,Rojo, Manuel,Malka, Florence,Jou, Mei-Jie,Martinou, Jean-Claude,Yoon, Gyesoon Liss 2006 Journal of Cellular Physiology Vol.209 No.2

<P>Enlarged or giant mitochondria have often been documented in aged tissues although their role and underlying mechanism remain unclear. We report here how highly elongated giant mitochondria are formed in and related to the senescent arrest. The mitochondrial morphology was progressively changed to a highly elongated form during deferoxamine (DFO)-induced senescent arrest of Chang cells, accompanied by increase of intracellular ROS level and decrease of mtDNA content. Interestingly, under exposure to subcytotoxic doses of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (200 µM), about 65% of Chang cells harbored elongated mitochondria with senescent phenotypes whereas ethidium bromide (EtBr) (50 ng/ml) only reformed the cristae structure. Elongated giant mitochondria were also observed in TGF β1- or H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced senescent Mv1Lu cells and in old human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). In all senescent progresses employed in this study Fis1 protein, a mitochondrial fission modulator, was commonly downexpressed. Overexpression of YFP-Fis1 reversed both mitochondrial elongation and appearance of senescent phenotypes induced by DFO, implying its critical involvement in the arrest. Finally, we found that direct induction of mitochondrial elongation by blocking mitochondrial fission process with Fis1-ΔTM or Drp1-K38A was sufficient to develop senescent phenotypes with increased ROS production. These data suggest that mitochondrial elongation may play an important role as a mediator in stress-induced premature senescence. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 468–480, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

TGF β1 induces prolonged mitochondrial ROS generation through decreased complex IV activity with senescent arrest in Mv1Lu cells

Yoon, Young-Sil,Lee, Jae-Ho,Hwang, Sung-Chul,Choi, Kyeong Sook,Yoon, Gyesoon Nature Publishing Group 2005 Oncogene Vol.24 No.11

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) is a well-characterized cytokine that suppresses epithelial cell growth. We report here that TGF β1 arrested lung epithelial Mv1Lu cells at G1 phase of the cell cycle with acquisition of senescent phenotypes in the presence of 10% serum, whereas it gradually induced apoptosis with lower concentrations of serum. The senescent arrest was accompanied by prolonged generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and persistent disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We demonstrated that the sustained ROS overproduction was derived from mitochondrial respiratory defect via decreased complex IV activity and was involved in the arrest. Moreover, we verified that hepatocyte growth factor released Mv1Lu cells from the arrest by protecting mitochondrial respiration, thereby preventing both the ΔΨm disruption and the ROS generation. Our present results suggest the TGF β1-induced senescent arrest as another plausible mechanism to suppress cellular growth in vivo and provide a new biochemical association between the mitochondrial functional defects and the cytokine-induced senescent arrest, emphasizing the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial function in cellular protection from the arrest.Oncogene (2005) 24, 1895–1903. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208262 Published online 31 January 2005

Salt-inducible kinase regulates hepatic lipogenesis by controlling SREBP-1c phosphorylation.

Yoon, Young-Sil,Seo, Woo-Young,Lee, Min-Woo,Kim, Seong-Tae,Koo, Seung-Hoi American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.16

<P>Liver plays a major role in regulating energy homeostasis in mammals. During feeding conditions, excessive glucose is converted into a preferred storage form of energy sources as triacylglycerol in liver via a collective metabolic pathway termed lipogenesis. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c is a master regulator for this process by activating number of enzyme genes, such as Fasn or Acaca, that are involved in this pathway at the transcriptional level. Here we show that the salt-inducible kinase (SIK) family of proteins regulates the hepatic lipogenesis by modulating SREBP-1c activity. Overexpression of SIK1 inhibits hepatic expression of lipogenic genes, such as Fasn, whereas knockdown of SIK1 in liver greatly enhances their expression. Regulation of the Fasn gene by SIK kinases is mediated at the level of transcription via phosphorylation and inactivation of nuclear SREBP-1c. Among candidate sites for SIK-dependent regulation of SREBP-1c, the serine 329 residue is shown to be a critical regulatory site for SIK-mediated repression of SREBP-1c activity by in vitro kinase assay and reverse transcription-PCR analysis in primary hepatocytes. Finally, reduced hepatic triacylglycerol levels and lipogenic gene expression by adenoviral SIK1 transgenic expression are restored to normal levels by co-infection of mutant SREBP-1c, suggesting that SIK-dependent regulation of hepatic lipogenesis is indeed mediated through the phosphorylation of SREBP-1c in vivo. The process for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver involves de novo lipogenesis via the activation of SREBP-1c. Modulation of SREBP-1c activity by SIK proteins would provide an attractive means for the regulation of such diseases.</P>