아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 교차 타당화

이형영,윤진상,국승희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 일주기 리듬의 유형을 분류하는 설문지는 일주기 리듬을 연구하고, 교대근무의 적응력을 예측하기 위해 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Smith 등 (1989)의 조합척도를 한국어판으로 표준화한 윤진상 등(1997)의 한국어판 조합척도(Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)를 실제 직장인들에게 적용할 수 있는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간호사 115명(순환교대 근무자 85명, 주간고정 근무자 70명)과 여대생 247명을 대상으로 KtCS와 생활습관 설문지(Life Habit Questionnaire : LHQ)를 배포하였다. 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각에 대해 KtCS 점수의 분포도를 검증하고 백분위 10이하의 점수를 받은 군을 저녁형, 백분위 90이상의 점수를 받은 군을 아침형, 그 중간의 점수를 받은 군을 중간형으로 정의하였다. 두 군 각각에서 KtCS 점수의 내적 일치도를 구하고, 요인 분석을 하였으며, 일주기 리듬의 유형에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 KtCS 점수는 부적으로 편포되어 있었으나 유의하지는 않았고, KtCS의 평균점수에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간호사 군에서 Cronbach alpha는 .836이었으며, “취침과 가상의 선호시간”, “아침의 각성”, “기상시간”의 세 요인이 추출되었는데, 문항 11이 요인 1에 추가적으로 부하된 경우 외에는 본 연구의 여대생 군 및 윤진상 등 (1997)의 요인분석 결과와 거의 동일하였다. 여대생 군에서 KtCS의 내적 일치도는 Cronbach alpha .787이었고, “취침과 기상의 선호시각”, “기상시각”, “아침의 각성” 세 요인이 추출되었다. 또한 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 생활습관에서도 일주기 리듬간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 각성, 수행, 업무 혹은 학습효과가 최고조에 이르는 시간대는 저녁형이 가장 늦고, 다음이 중간형, 아침형 순이었으며, 오전 학습효과는 아침형이, 저녁의 학습효과는 저녁형이 가장 높았으나, 오후의 학습효과에서는 저녁형과 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 취침시각과 기상시각은 저녁형이 가장 늦었지만, 총 수면시간에서는 저녁형, 중간형, 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 간호사에서 KtCS의 심리측정 속성은 여대생에서의 분포도, 내적 일치도, 타당도가 매우 유사하였고, 윤진상 등(1997)의 연구결과와도 유사하여서, KtCS 활용의 일반화 가능성이 시사된다. Objectives : It is necessary to develop a questionnaire to classify the circadian rhythm for studying circadian rhythms and predicting shift work adaptability. This study attempted to confirm the general applicability of “Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)” by Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997), a Korean version of Composite Scale(CS) by Smith et al(1989). Methods : KtCS and Life Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 155 nurses(65 rotating shift nurses,, 70 nurses on a fixed day schedule) and 247 female university students. We tested the distribution of KtCS scores and then subjects were categorized on the basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E), intermediate(I), and morning(M) types. Cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. We obtained the results of the internal consistency and the structure of factors of KtCS. We also compared the difference of life habits according to the circadian rhythm types. Results : In both groups, nurses and female university students, the distributions of KtCS score were negatively skewed but not significantly and the KtCS mean score was not significantly different. In nurses, Cronbach's alpha was 0.836, and three extracted factors were ‘preferred times of performance and going to bed’, ‘rising time’ and ‘morning alertness’. In female university students, Cronbach's alpha was 0.787, and the same three factors as nurses were confirmed. However, only item 11 was loaded to factor 1 for the nurse group, whereas it was loaded to factor 2 for the student group. Life habits significantly differed among the three circadian rhythm types. The time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical) was the latest in the E-type. The quality of academic performance during the morning was the highest in the M-type, and during the evening it was the highest in the E-type, but during the afternoon there was no significant differences among the three types. The bedtime and the rising time were latest in E-type, but the sleep lengths were not significantly different among the three types in both groups. Conclusion : The psychometric properties of KtCS in nurses were very similar to those of female university students and the previous findings of Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997). This result supports that KtCS can be generally applied.

아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 예비연구

윤진상,신상문,국승희,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

Object : The Composite Scale by Smith et al.(1989) has been proposed as an improved measure of morningness-eveningness. This study attempted to endorse that a Korean translation of Composite Scale(KtCs) can be useful to differentiate people according to circadian-rhythm types. Method : KtCS and Life Habit Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 561 university students. LHQ consisted of items questioning sleep habits on weekdays(bedtime, rising time and sleep length), the time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical), time of perceived peak performance(mental, physical and academic), and quality of academic performance during the morning, afternoon and evening. Subjects were categorized on basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E) types, intermediate(I) types, and morning(M) types. The cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. In addition 7 E-type and 7 M-type subjects were selected from the student population who had participated in the previous survey and then, oral temperature of each subject was taken every hour from 08:00 to 22:00. To assess both the internal and the external measurement properties of KtCS, descriptive statistics, reliability and validity were examined. Results : The distribution of KtCS scores was significantly, negatively skewed. The KtCS scores closest to the 10th and 90th percentiles were 26 and 41 respectively. The split-half reliability(.85), test-retest reliability(.91), and internal consistency(Cronbach alpha, .82) were obtained above the expected. Inter-item correlations were all positive and ranged from .10-.59 with a mean of .25. Item-total correlations varied from .33 to .63 with a mean of .45. Common factor analyses confirmed three factors : preferred times of performance and going to bed, arising time, and morning alertness. The validity of KtCS was further demonstrated through strong relationships between the scale and external criteria. A discernable difference in oral temperature between the M-type and the E-type across morning to evening provided additional evidence for validity of the scale. Conclusions : The results would suggest the possibility that KtCS can be employed as a tool for selection of E-type people or M-type people. It is as yet, however, uncertain that KtCS might be suitable to select people for night shiftwork because the subjects of this study are limited to university students. Therefore, future research among varying types of people are required to endorse this study.

성견에서 교정적 고정원으로서의 티타늄 미니스크류에 대한 연구 : An experimental investigation in dogs

윤병수,최병호,이원유,김경남,심형보,박진형 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.5

교정치료에서 원하는 치아이동을 위해서는 안정된 고정원이 필요한데 티타늄 미니스크류가 매식과 제거가 쉽고, 구강 내 여러 부위에서 적용이 가능하고, 환자가 느끼는 불편감이나 비용적인 부담이 적고, 제거 후에 치유가 빠르게 진행될 수 있는 등의 장점이 있어 최근에 교정적 고정원으로 사용되기 시작하였다. 티타늄 미니스크류를 교정적 고정원으로 사용한 임상 예들이 여러 편 발표되었는데 미니스크류의 이완이 가장 큰 실패의 원인으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 보고된 논문들에서 교정적 고정원으로 안정성을 줄 수 있는 스크류의 식립 길이에 관한 연구가 없는 상태이다. 교정적 고정원으로 미니스크류를 효과적으로 사용하기 위해서는 식립 부위에 따른 골구조와 골밀도 차이를 고려한 식립 길이에 관한 기준이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성견의 상악골과 하악골에서 직경 2mm 티타늄 미니스크류를 다양한 길이로 식립하고 교정력을 적용한 후 그 안정성을 평가하여 교정적 고정원으로 사용될 수 있는 미니스크류의 식립 길이를 결정하고자 하였다. 미니스크류가 상악에서는 6mm이상, 하악에서는 4mm 이상이 골 내에 식립될 때 8주 동안 200g의 교정력에 동요도나 위치변화를 보이지 않았다. 식립 부위로는 부착치은 부위 치근 사이에 식립될 때 구강청결이 유지되고 미니스크류 주변 치은조직에 자극을 주지 않아 정상적인 조직으로 유지 될 수 있었다. 또한 교정력 적용 8주 후 치근단 방사선 사진검사에서 스크류 주변 치근 흡수나 치조골 흡수, 치주 인대 손상이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 상 ㆍ 하악 골밀도와 골구조의 차이를 고려하여 미니스크류의 골내 식립 길이를 적절히 조절함으로써 교정적 고정원으로 티타늄 미니스크류가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다고 생각된다. Titanium miniscrews are being used increasingly as an anchorage for tooth movement, because they are easy to place and to remove, increase the number of sites available, give minimum strain to patients regarding surgical procedures, and offer uneventful healing after removal. The use of titanium miniscrews as an orthodontic anchorage has been reported in clinical case reports, but clinicians hove experienced screw loosening when using such screws. To our knowledge, there are no published reports evaluating the stability of miniscrews. Information about the length of miniscrews used in relation to the location is of some importance, as stability will vary depending on bone quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of lengths of miniscrews (diameter: 2mm) which were inserted in maxilla or mandible and to demonstrate in a dog moedl which miniscrew provides fundamental stability in the jaws. 10 mm long miniscrews in the maxilla and 8mm long miniscrews in the mandible showed no clinical mobility and retained their position throughout an 8 weeks force (200g) application. The mucosal condition around the screws was healthy in cases in which miniscrews were inserted in the alveolar bone between the roots and the head of the screws emerged into the attached gingiva. When the force application was terminated, radiographic analysis revealed neither root resorption nor periodontal pathology around the miniscrews that remained stable during the entire treatment period. This study suggests that if titanium miniscrews with adequate length are properly used depending on the location, they provide sufficient stability for orthodontic anchorage.

지역사회거주 노인에서 한국어판 세계보건기구 장애평가조사표의 개발

윤진상,김재민,신일선,양수진,정태길,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to develop the Korean version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II-K) with community dwelling elderly population. Methods : The WHODAS II-K was administered to 1204 community residents aged 65 or over in two areas of Kwangju, South Korea, in 2001. For assessing 'health condition', data on physical illness, depression (Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3), and cognitive dysfunction (Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination) were collected. For evaluating 'contextual factors', informations on demographic charactehstics (age, gender, living area, marital state, and religiou), socio-economic status (education, type of accommodation, number of room, previous occupation, and current employment), and social network were obtained. Results : WHODAS II-K showed high levels of internal consistency, split-half reliability, and inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. In the correlation analyses, scores on the WHODAS II-K were significantly correlated with the unfavorable conditions in the all variables on health condition and contextual factors. Partial correlations of scores on the WHODAS II-K with health condition were significant even after controlling for contextual factors. Conclusion : The WHODAS II-K is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability in elderly population since it reflects physical illness, depression, and cognitive impairment, which are common in elderly.

아침형과 저녁형 사람에서 야간의 졸리움, 수행 및 체온의 비교

윤진상,국승희,신일선,신만식,최영,이무석,이형영 大韓睡眠-精神生理學會 1994 수면·정신생리 Vol.1 No.1

DP-Matching과 HMM을 이용한 온라인 필기 한자 인식

윤병훈,김형태,하진영 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2007 정보통신논문지 Vol.11 No.-

On-line handwritten Chinese character recognition systems should be fast and yield accurate results in order to be practical systems. DP-matching method for variable length input requires building several allographs (multiple models) per class, which inevitably reduces the recognition speed. HMM is a good alternative, since one HMM per class is usually sufficient to model large variation of data. We proposed a recognition system in which HMM and DP-matching method are combined to improve the recognition speed and recognition accuracy at the same time. The HMM method using structure code features produces recognition candidates, then DP-matching method using chain code features reorders the candidates to get more accurate results. In doing so, we accomplished fast and accurate recognition results for 2,362 Chinese character classes. We also adopted result verification method to discriminate confusable character classes. We got 97.44% recognition accuracy using the proposed method in 113 ms per character in average.

近代 體育과 體育觀에 대한 硏究

陳潤洙,李大珩 충남대학교 1991 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

Since the establishment of a nation based on national consciousness in an absolute monarchy, every nation has gradually developed sports on the basis of socio-cultural background and historical tradition. So modern sports spurred the forming of nations and sports nationalism, and cultivated co-operative spirits of a nation and patriotism. Modern sports also formed national unification with co-operation consciousness and fostered modern citizens of a perfect characters. So modern sports intended to increase national power through the development of physical strength. A trait of each nation is as follows : 1. In Germany, they raised up the dynamic and patriotic youth through sports. And they formed political moral nature by means of dialog with people, and inspired order consciousness and national spirits. Germany tried to construct a unified nation through sports. 2. In Sweden, they tried to cultivate courage and physical strength through sport, and to bring up healthy person who worked efficiently. They used to scientic methods by which the aim of physical exercise was to develop harmonious physical body. 3. In Denmark, they emphasized national partriotism through sports, and developed physical education with the airms to promote the growth of youth and to help the life of adults. 4. In England, through sports they aimed at cultivation mind and body, and sportsmanship which emphasized fair play and rigid adherence to urles. That is to say, sports cultivated citizen spirits equipped with sound character and co-operative consciousness. They playes organized games of indoor and outdoor esercises, and developed personality equipped with etiquette and obedience. By doing so, they contributed to forming national traits of democratic people.

흰쥐 경동맥 풍선손상 모델에서 리포좀 전달체를 이용한 에스트로겐의 국소전달 효과

윤영섭,장양수,정광회,박요석,김형관,강웅철,권진욱,정보영,조상호,김성순 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

전자적 효과나 엔트로피 효과를 고려한 TFAP 유도체 탄산이온 선택성 물질의 합성

윤우진,이창석,전영무,변형정 광운대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 기초과학연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.-

Three analogs of ETH6024 were designed and synthesized as possible ionophores of carbonate ion considering the electronic effect of the para-substituents of the trifluoroacetophenone derivatives. In addition, the other three compounds were also designed and synthesized considering the entropic effect to form 1 : 1 complexes with carbonate ion. These syntheses were performed by N-alkylations of secondary amides followed by hydrolyses and trifluoroacetylbenzoylations.

문자 단위 매칭과 유닛 단위 매칭을 이용한 온라인 필기 한자 인식

윤병훈,김형태,박미나,하진영 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

This paper presents on-line Chinese character recognition methods based on DP-Matching. The recognition system consists of character matching and unit matching methods. The character matching method adopts DP-matching between the input data and models as a major matching method, while unit matching method uses relation matching between consecutive units (part of character) in addition to DP-matching between units. A couple of methods combining character matching and unit matching methods were examined also. We found that we got best recognition result applying unit matching methods to the recognition candidates from character matching method.