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Economy Considerations and the Derivation of DP in Old English
Hee-Cheol Yoon 한국영어학학회 2002 영어학연구 Vol.- No.13
Yoon, Hee-Cheol. 2002.Economy Considerations and the Derivation of DP in Old English, the History of English, 13.This paper suggests that the definiteness or referentiality of Old English noun phrases depend on the presence of the uninterpretable [+R(cferential)]fcature in the functional head D. In Old English, the [+R(cferential)] fcature is associated with the EPP fearures, which forces the syntactic operation to delete both types of uninterpretable features in D for the proper interpretation at the interface. In consideration of the tact that Old English has no definite article possible candidates for deletion of those features in D include adnominal demonstratives, possessives and genitives of proper narnes all of which are characterized as inherently definite or referential. As far as thematic relations and empirical evidence are concemed, adnominal demonstratives are introduced into the speeifier of 예 through merge while possessives and genitives of proper names undergo movement to reach the same structural position. Although movement is a costly option, the operation is forced to delete not only uninterpretable features in D but also uninterpretable Case features in possessives and genitives of proper names. In case both demonstratives and possessive/genitives of proper names are available from the numeration, economy considerations determine the order of application between syntactic operations. A economic option of merge always precedes move, which results in the linear precedence of possessives/genitives of proper names over demonstratives in Old English noun phrases. Key words: DP hypothesis, adnominal demonstratives and possessives in Old English, definiteness, economy considerations
윤희면 ( Hee Myeon Yoon ) 호남사학회 2015 역사학연구 Vol.57 No.-
Samchonsa enshrined Yu Hee-chun was established by 58 Confucian scholars of Damyang who initiated the idea, being responded by Yangban Sarim of Jeolla Province. It moved next to Hyanggyo by the year of 1630 and named it Paekchonsa. Its movement resulted from Yu Hee-chun`s receiving his posthumous epithet(Munjeol)Yangban Sarim submitted public appeals to receive charter and as a result, they acquired EuAhm in 1669. Since then EuAhm Seowon got several kinds of benefits. The economic foundations of EuAhm Seowon were fields, serfs, extra students, wonbo and duty free village. Especially Shickrigeon that was added by public office formed a great part. Since the opening of 19th century, the descendants of Yu Hee-chun took the role of wonim and were deeply involved with its management. EuAhm Seowon tried to be close to a local authority to resolve financial difficulty. They entrusted the position of Wonchang to a chief magistrate and chose implementing Gyeongwonjang system. With their support, they could build and maintain more buildings. By the turn of 19th century, most of seowon could not perform its educational fundction. EuAhm Seowon was in the same situation. In line with Daewongun ordered the close of seowon EuAhm Seowon was closed down in 1871. Yangban yusaeng of honam Province filed an appeal to ask a Confucian shrine of Yu, Hee-chun, but could not fulfill their will.
이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
한국 청소년과 어린이의 뉴미디어 이용행위 및 이의 문제점 연구 : 전통 미디어와의 비교분석을 통하여
윤희중 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1989 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.55 No.-
Korea, along with its extraordinary economical growth, has seen a matching growth in the media industry and media consumption. The radical social change has caused disorder of social norms, and has weakened the function of traditional socialization agencies such as school or family. On the contrary, the mass media has an increasing impact in out country. At issue is the negative effects of mass media through its wide diffusion of indiscreetly adopted western culture which disseminates materialism and western morality. Thus, it is presupposed that the more the communication technology develops, the more this problems intensifies. This research interests itself with the influence of mass media through the new media using pattern of young people including children. It concerns itself not with the specific media but with the total media context. The audience survey was carried out for this study and results are follow: 1) Media ownership and use pattern: The audiences are still using traditional broadcasting system like T.V. or radio as their primary access. Although the diffusion and using of new media are poor, it turned out that elementary school children are strikingly using new media, especially computer. 2) Media content preference: Stimulus and entertaining media content were preferred by the audience regardless of media type. Also, game was the most preferred content of computer. 3) Media selection motivation and satisfaction: For elementary school children, T.V. was mainly selected as their satisfaction of various motives. In case of high school students, media selection was different as the motivation varies. 4) Parents as media mediator: Parents almost do not control their childrens media exposure through new media and traditional media. However, only a vague supervision was done by the parents in case of T.V. Here, the super-vision means guidance and control. 5) Attitude toward the media content: ⅰ) T.V. news was more credible than newspaper news. ⅱ) Young people usually do not perceive the fiction of media content as reality. ⅲ) Credibility and attention toward T.V. advertising was higher than other advertising. ⅳ) The amount (quantity) of media use and attitude toward the media was highly correlated. 6) Media purchase behavior: Although new media purchase was poor, purchasing of computer programs by elementary school children was very active.
윤희수 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-
The purpose of this thesis is to study on the relationship between contexts and cognitive models, and the relationship between semantic fields and cognitive models, and three prominent cognitive model theories, and meaning cognition through cognitive models. It is true that a cognitive model works in the process of meaning cognition in our mind in one way or another. This study is summed up as follows : First, a context is a cognitive representation of the interaction among concepts, and a cognitive model is all the stored cognitive representations belonging to a field. The difference between a semantic field and a cognitive model is as follows : The meaning of each word is determined by the relationship of individual words according to the semantic theories, the meaning of each word depends on a packet of knowledge according to the cognitive model theories. Second, a cognitive model is a mental model which man has shared. organized and idealized in his mind, and through which hs gains the meanings of words. Third congnitive model threories encompass both the linguistic knowledg and the knowledge of the world. Fourth, there are several cognitive model theorie worth exploring, among which are the fram theory by langacker and the ICM theory by Lakoff. Finally, it is very hard for a man to live a strange and heterogeneous culture. He is like a fish out of water. Language and cultute are inseparable. We must understand cultural cognitive models to correctly get the connotative meaning of a word.
두개강내압 상승환자에 Mannitol 및 Steroid투여에 관한 임상적 실험연구
윤희중 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1981 충남의대잡지 Vol.8 No.2
A total of 28 adult patients who had increased intracranial pressure were studied for changes of vital sign, urine and bood between single injection of manitol and injections of manitol and steroid simultaneously. Author divided all patients into two main groups, in the first group(18 patients), 20% mannitol was administered alone intravenously, in second group(10 patients), 20% mannitol and 15mg dexamethasone were intravenous administered simultaneously. The dose of mannitol infusion was 1.5gm to 2.0gm per kilogram of body weight. Before one hour of injection of drugs, blood pressure and pulserate were checked, and also samplings of urine and blood were performed. After injection of drugs, author had observed changes of blood pressure and pulse rate, urine output, urine specific gravity and urine osmolarity at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 240 minutes, 360 minutes, and changes of CBC, serum osmolarity and serum electrolytesat 120 minutes, 240 minutes and 360 minutes. The results of present trials are summarized follows: 1. Blood pressure was decreased 11-13mmHg in mean systolic pressure during first 60 minutes after injection of drugs. Pulse rate was increased 8-9 times/min during first 15 minutes. But after that, significant change was not observed in pulse rate. 2. Mean urine output within 6 hours were 1270cc in first group, 1990cc in second group. The majority of which were excreted within 2-4 hours. 3. The value of urine specific gravity was lowest at 15 minutes after injection of drugs and raising slowly from one hour to 6 hours in first group, but in second group, peak value was at 2-4 hours, After that, decreased slowly toward normal value. 4. Changes of urine osmolarity was similar to changes of urine specific gravity but serum osmolarity was not significantly changed. 5. Concentration of serum Na was 130mEg/L before mannitol infusion, 138mEg.L after infusion.
尹嬉重 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1982 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.40 No.-
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the problems of women through a survey of newspaper editorials during the period of 1960 through 1980. The thesis is presented in six parts. The first part is an introduction which explains the purpose of the study. The second part is devoted to a general discussion of the theory of press and newspaper editorials. The third part presents the functions and roles of newspaper editorials. In the fourth part, the thesis mainly deals with women as presented in the Korean newspaper editorials of the Dong-a Ilbo and the Chosun Ilbo. The fifth part is an attempt to analyze and evaluate women's problems as reflected in the editorials. Finally, the sixth part presents the conclusion. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, the problems of women were discussed more frequently in the 1970's than in the 1960s. Second, in the 60s 'Dong-a Ilbo' did not discuss women's problems at all, and even in the 70s the 'Chosun Ilbo' published 41 articles while the 'Dong-a Ilbo' published only 19. Third, among the problems concerning women, labor problems were most frequently and seriously discussed. Fourth, the second most frequently discussed subject was to stimulate the self-awareness of women as a result of their indiscreet behavior. From the survey it was shown that, articles dealing with women's problems gradually increased in frequency throughout the 1960s. It was during this period that the Women's Liberation Movement came into being in Korea with the introduction of western influence. Moreover, Korea's rapid industrial development during the 1960's and 1970s increased the demand for human resources; this gave more opportunities for women to actively participate in society. In conclusion, newspaper editorials, are reflections of this period of industrial growth and western influence. Therefore, the problems of women should not be treated or limited to the subjects of the problem such as class or sex, but should be considered and analyzed as a social problem.
초월성의 부재와 그 극복의 한 방법:스티븐즈의「일요일 아침」
윤희수 釜慶大學校 1997 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.2 No.1
This paper aims to examine a mode of response to the age of religious skepticism based on one of Stevens's major poems. "Sunday Morning." In this poem, by using a woman protagonist as a spokeswoman for post-Christian mind. Stevens raises successive questions about the presence of divinity and heavenly paradise. And he cautiously explores the possibility of a mancertered,earthly paradise which can be substituded for the abstract and impalpable Christian paradise. As a mode of existence in this human world deprived of transcendence. Stevens suggests that we should cherish our vivid feelings evoked by our contacts with physical and concrete world instead of adhering to abstract religious experience. Of course, he acknowledges our experience of physical reality is so fluctuating that it is does not guarantee "imperishable bliss." However, if we accept our fate which is inescapably free from and "unsponsored" by any transcendental presence, and if we are bound together by the awareness of the very mortality, human world can be another kind of paradise, a substitute for an abstract paradise far beyond our reach. Stevens once remarked the role of poetry in the age of disbelief as life's redemption. In this sense, "Sunday Morning" can be regarded as a starting point of this quest for the life-redeeming "poetry of the earth." In addition, when we pay attention to his incessant effort to solve man's problem within man's capability, without any recourse to transcendental presence, this poem can be an example which distinguishes his poetry from Eliot's theocentric, that is, God-centered poetic world.
윤희백,한문수 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 1999 논문집 Vol.1 No.-
The game and activities discussed here based on some of the skills and instincts a young child brings to learning a foreign at school are all intended to encourage real language use and to develope confidence and willingness to have a go. In Korea where each of elementary school has usually large size of class, the considerations of stir/settle, the concepts of mental engagement and actual occupation will help us to evaluate the game and activities offered in textbooks of elementary English classroom, and to improve the general atmosphere of the classroom. Preparation load by teachers can be lessened through the variety of work, reuse of materials, reuse of a core of ideas, and new verses of chant and song, helping children feel their competence being built up. The follow up study, it is hoped, will be concerned with analyzing the games and activities in the English textbook of Elementary school.
尹熙燮,李基萬,吳世正,崔炳奎,李廣田 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1
Carcasses from thirty (male : 12, female: 18) Korean Cattle were used to study the yield of meat cuts by the conventional cutting method as well as the American method. The dressing percents and correlation cofficients among meat cuts in a carcass were also investigated. The regression equations for predicting the total carcass lean from meat cuts is of particular importance in studies of carcass evaluation. Physical separation of the entire carcass is laborious and costly. Therefore, a simple indirect method for predicting total carcass lean would be extremely useful. The regression equations of total carcass lean on certain meat cuts were calculated in this study. Dressing percents from male and female carcasses were 49.64%, 48.37% respectively. Comparing the dressing percents of Korean cattle with idealized beef cattle, the percents from Korean cattle were much below those from beef. The percents of round, chuck, and shortloin from Korean cattle were also lower than those of beef cattle. Correlation coeffidient between carcass and lean weight was highly significant. Correlation coefficients among meat cuts were highly associcted with carcass weight. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that using the regression equations is possible for predicting total lean from certain meat cuts.