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윤용석(Yoon Yong-Seok) 부산대학교 법학연구소 2006 법학연구 Vol.47 No.1
이 논문은 임미시온에 의한 방해를 규정한 한국 민법 제214조와 소유권에 기한 방해 제거 및 예방청구권을 규정한 한국 민법 제217조와의 관계를 검토한다. 한국의 확립된 판례에 의하면 "토지위에 건축 중인 건물이 이웃 토지의 사용에 방해를 야기하고, 그 방해가 사회통념상 수인할 정도를 넘어선다고 인정되는 한, 그것이 민법 제217조에 정한 불가량물(Imponderabilien)에 해당하는지의 여부를 떠나 민법 제 214조에 가하여 방해제거 및 예방청구권을 행사할 수 있다”고 한다. 이 판례에 의하면 민법 제217조의 요건을 충족한다고 하더라도 따로 민법 제214조의 요건을 충족한다면 민법 제214조에 의한 책임이 발생한다는 의미가 된다. 그러니까 민법 제214조의 요건을 충족하는가의 여부를 먼저 검토하여 민법 제214조에 의한 책임이 발생한다면 민법 제217조의 요건의 충족여부는 따질 필요도 없다는 뜻이 된다. 필자는 한국 민법 제217조의 규범목적과 적용대상은 한국 민법 제214의 그것들과는 다르기 때문에, 어떤 토지에 대한 방해가 민법 제217조의 적용대상인지 아니면 민법 제214조의 적용대상인지는 구별해야 한다고 생각한다. 나의 주장을 논증하기 위하여 한국 민법 제217조와 한국민법 제214조의 관계를 독일 민법 제906조와 제1004조와의 관계와 비교 검토하였다. 이 논문의 구성은 다음과 같다. 1. 서언 2. 한국 민법 제217조의 비교법적 검토 1) 독일 민법 제906조의 해석론 2) 한국 민법 제217조의 해석론 3. 결언
윤용석(Yoon Yong-Seok) 한국재산법학회 2006 재산법연구 Vol.23 No.1
Punitive damages, in USA torts system, are awarded only for very serious misconduct coupled with a bad state of mind involving malice or at least a reckless disregard for rights of others. The stated purposes of punitive damages almost always include (a) punishment or retribution and (b) deterrence. Sometimes the purpose encompasses (c) the desire to assist in financing useful litigation by providing a source from fees and costs can paid. The purposes are somewhat conflicting in that they do not necessarily call for the same amount of punitive damages.<BR> It is said in USA that punitive damages are a controversial aspect of tort litigation and have been the subject of numerous theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies. Critics in USA have argued that the uncertainty and unpredictability that punitive damages claims injects into a case may increase the rate and amount of settlements and carry systemic consequences for the general processing of tort claims. An important one of those studies is a theory that answer two questions: (1) What place, if any, do punitive damages have in the civil law of tort, given that they appear to involve an idea of criminal punishment? (2) Why are punitive damages subject to special constitutional scrutiny, as in the Supreme Court’s decision in BMW v. Gore, if they really are part of the civil law of tort?<BR> Generally they say that punitive damages are not per se unconstitutional under the double jeopardy, excessive fines, or due process provisions of United State Constitution. However, extreme awards, given without appropriate guidance to the jury and without adequate review by judges, may violate due process. the Supreme Court’s decision in BMW v. Gore gave us three guideposts to review excessive awards: (1) the degree of reprehensibility of defendant’s conduct (2) the ratio between the plaintiff ’s compensatory damage and the amount of the punitive damage (3) the difference between the punitive damage and the civil or criminal sanctions authorized or imposed in comparable cases.<BR> Many states in USA now also limit the recovery of the amount of punitive damages as part of efforts to stem civil litigiousness, reduce perceived damage award inequities, and halt escalating insurance costs. These measures usually take the form of restrictions on the types of cases in which punitive damages may be sought, limitations on the amount of punitive damages that can be awarded, special procedural requirements that must be followed in cases in which punitive damages are sought, and mechanism for review of punitive damages awards.<BR> This paper presents the recent cases on punitive damages and state statutes authorizing or restricting the award of punitive damages in USA, as well as describes briefly statutes setting out requirements for seeking punitive damages in civil matters.
접촉전도와 반투명 복사가 반도체 웨이퍼의 CVD 공정 중 열전달에 미치는 영향
윤용석(Yong Seok Yoon),홍혜정(Hye Jung Hong),송명호(Myungho Song) 대한기계학회 2008 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.32 No.2
During CVD process of semiconductor wafer fabrication, maintaining the uniformity of temperature distribution at wafer top surface is one of the key factors affecting the quality of final products. Effect of contact conductance between wafer and hot plate on predicted temperature of wafer was investigated. The validity of opaque wafer assumption was also examined by comparing the predicted results with Discrete Ordinate solutions accounting for semitransparent radiative characteristics of silicon. As the contact conductance increases predicted wafer temperature increases and the differences between maximum and minimum temperatures within wafer and between wafer and hot plate top surface temperatures decrease. The opaque assumption always overpredicted the wafer temperature compared to semitransparent calculation. The influences of surrounding reactor inner wall temperature and hot plate configuration are then discussed.