The mRNA Expression Status of Dopamine Receptor D2, Dopamine Receptor D3 and DARPP-32 in T Lymphocytes of Patients with Early Psychosis

Cui, Yin,Prabhu, Vishwanath,Nguyen, Thong Ba,Yadav, Binod Kumar,Chung, Young-Chul MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.11

<P>Peripheral blood lymphocytes are an attractive tool because there is accumulating evidence indicating that lymphocytes may be utilized as a biomarker in the field of psychiatric study as they could reveal the condition of cells distributed in the brain. Here, we measured the mRNA expression status of <I>dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)</I>, <I>DRD3</I>, and <I>dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32)</I> in T lymphocytes of patients with early psychosis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and explored the relationships between their mRNA levels and the psychopathological status of patients. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of <I>DRD3</I> in T lymphocytes were significantly different among controls, and in patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) and schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. However, no significant differences in mRNA expression levels of <I>DRD2</I> and <I>DARPP-32</I> were found among the three groups. We found a significant positive correlation between the <I>DRD2</I> mRNA level and the score of the excited factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in patients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. These findings suggest that <I>DRD3</I> mRNA levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker differentiating patients with early psychosis from controls.</P>

Longer Telomere Length of T lymphocytes in Patients with Early and Chronic Psychosis

Yin Cui,Vishwanath Vasudev Prabhu,Thong Ba Nguyen,Subramaniam Mohana Devi,정영철 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.2

Objective: To investigate pathological conditions that act as sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic substances to examine telomere length (TL) in patients with either early (duration of illness [DI] ≤5 years) or chronic (DI >5 years) psychosis using T lymphocytes. Methods: Based on these factors and the important role that T lymphocytes play in inflammation, the present study measured the TL of T lymphocytes in patients with either early or chronic psychosis. Additionally, smoking, metabolic syndrome, depression, and cognitive functioning were assessed to control for confounding effects. Results: TL was significantly longer in patients with early and chronic psychosis than in healthy control subjects and, moreover, the significance of these findings remained after controlling for age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, DI, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and cognitive functioning (F=9.57, degree of freedom=2, p<0.001). Additionally, the DI, chlorpromazine-equivalent doses, and the five-factor scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were not significantly correlated with the TL of T lymphocytes in either all patients or each psychosis group. Conclusion: Possible mechanisms underlying the effects of antipsychotic medications on telomerase are discussed in the present study, but further studies measuring both telomerase activity and TL using a prospective design will be required.

Polydopamine Used as Hollow Capsule and Core-Shell Structures for Multiple Applications

Xinyu Cui,Yuanyuan Yin,Zuo Ma,Yongkui Yin,Yue Guan,Shengzhong Rong,Jinxia Gao,Yingying Niu,Miaojing Li 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.5

Polydopamine (PDA) capsule and core – shell structures with tailored structures and properties are of particular interests due to their multifunctions and potential applications as new colloidal structures in diverse fields. Among the available fabrication methods, PDA film onto colloidal particles followed by selective template removal has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of precise control over the size, wall thickness and functions of the obtained capsules. The past several years has witnessed a rapid increase of research concerning the new fabrication strategies, functionalization and applications of this kind of capsules and core – shell structures, particularly in many fields such as drug delivery, catalysis, antibacterial, etc. In this review, the very recent progress of the capsule and core – shell structures based on PDA are summarized. There are basically two sections, including the fabrication process of PDA capsules, core – shell structures, and the various applications based on PDA.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Intergranular Additives in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnet

X. G. Cui,X. H. Wang,C. Y. Cui,G. C. Yin,C. D. Xia,X. N. Cheng,X. J. Xu 한국자기학회 2017 Journal of Magnetics Vol.22 No.2

To get deeper insight into the effect of intergranular additives in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet and consequently improve the properties better, the interaction between additives (oxide, nitride, and carbide) and Nd-rich phase in the temperature range of 298.15-1400 K was analyzed thermodynamically. It can be found that the oxide additives became less stable than nitrides and carbides. Except for calcium oxide, almost all oxides could react with Nd from Nd-rich phase. To be different from oxide additives, the mechanism of nitrides and carbides was defined with various elements, either reaction with Nd from Nd-rich phase or not. The two different mechanisms would show different effects on the microstructure and hence properties of magnet. The thermodynamic analysis had a better agreement with the experimental information.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro intestinal absorption of a dry emulsion formulation containing atorvastatin calcium.

Yin, Yong-Mei,Cui, Fu-De,Kim, Jung Sun,Choi, Min-Koo,Choi, Byung Chul,Chung, Suk-Jae,Shim, Chang-Koo,Kim, Dae-Duk Academic Press ; Taylor Francis 2009 DRUG DELIVERY Vol.16 No.1

<P>A redispersible dry emulsion (DE) formulation of atorvastatin calcium (AC) was developed to enhance the in vitro dissolution of AC, thereby increasing its gastrointestinal absorption. The spray-drying technology was used where Plurol Oleique CC 497 was chosen as the oil phase. Effects of carriers, surfactants, and homogenizers on the characteristics of DE containing AC were systematically investigated. The final formulation consisted of dextrin and Poloxamer 188 as carrier and surfactant, respectively, and was homogenized by a high pressure homogenizer before spray drying. The in vitro release of AC from the optimized DE was significantly higher than that of pure AC powder (76% vs. 30% at 24 hr). The in vitro intestinal absorption of AC from the DE formulation was 0.77 microg/cm(2) at 2 hr, which was a 2.33-fold increase compared to the pure unformulated AC powder. These results suggest that the oral dry emulsion formulation could improve the intestinal absorption of AC.</P>

Chemical and bioactive comparison of Panax notoginseng root and rhizome in raw and steamed forms

Yin Xiong,Lijuan Chen,Jinhui Man,Yupiao Hu,Xiuming Cui 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panaxnotoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods: To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizomebetween raw and steamed forms, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and pharmacologiceffects evaluated by tests of anticoagulation, antioxidation, hemostasis, antiinflammation, and hematopoiesiswere combined. Results: With the duration of steaming time, the contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd, and notoginsenosideR1 in PN were decreased, while those of ginsenosides Rh1, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rh4, and Rk3were increased gradually. Raw PN samples steamed for 6 h at 120 C with stable levels of most constituentswere used for the subsequent study of bioeffects. Raw PN showed better hemostasis, anticoagulation,and antiinflammation effects, while steamed PN exhibited stronger antioxidation andhematopoiesis activities. For different parts of PN, contents of saponins in PN rhizome were generallyhigher than those in the root, which could be related to the stronger bioactivities of rhizome comparedwith the same form of PN root. Conclusion: This study provides basic information about the chemical and bioactive comparison of PNroot and rhizome in both raw and steamed forms, indicating that the change of saponins may have a keyrole in different properties of raw and steamed PN.

Maternal Gene Transcription in Mouse Oocytes: Genes Implicated in Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization

CUI, Xiang-Shun,LI, Xing-Yu,YIN, Xi-Jun,KONG, IL Keun,KANG, Jason-Jongho,KIM, Nam-Hyung 家畜繁殖硏究所 2007 Journal of Reproduction and Development Vol.53 No.2

<P>Maternal gene expression is an important biological process in oocyte maturation and early cleavage. To gain insights into oocyte maturation and early embryo development, we used microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles of germinal vesicle (GV)- and metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes. The differences in spot intensities were normalized and grouped using the Avadis Prophetic software platform. Of the 12164 genes examined, we found 1682 genes with more highly expression in GV-stage oocytes than in MII-stage oocytes, while 1936 genes were more highly expressed in MII-stage oocytes (P<0.05). The genes were grouped on the basis of the Panther classification system according to their involvement in particular biological processes. The genes that were up-regulated in GV oocytes were more likely to be involved in protein metabolism and modification, the mitotic cell cycle, electron transport, or fertilization or belong to the microtubule/cytoskeletal protein family. The genes specifically upregulated in the MII oocytes were more likely to be involved in DNA replication, amino acid metabolism, or expression of G protein-coupled receptors and signaling molecules. Identification of genes that are preferentially expressed at particular oocyte maturation stages provides insights into the complex gene regulatory networks that drive oocyte maturation and fertilization.</P>

Microbial conversion of major ginsenosides in ginseng total saponins by Platycodon grandiflorum endophytes

Cui, Lei,Wu, Song-quan,Zhao, Cheng-ai,Yin, Cheng-ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.4

Background: In this study, we screened and identified an endophyte JG09 having strong biocatalytic activity for ginsenosides from Platycodon grandiflorum, converted ginseng total saponins and ginsenoside monomers, determined the source of minor ginsenosides and the transformation pathways, and calculated the maximum production of minor ginsenosides for the conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to assess the transformation activity of endophyte JG09. Methods: The transformation of ginseng total saponins and ginsenoside monomers Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1 into minor ginsenosides F2, C-K and Rh1 using endophyte JG09 isolated by an organizational separation method and Esculin-R2A agar assay, as well as the identification of transformed products via TLC and HPLC, were evaluated. Endophyte JG09 was identified through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 32 ${\beta}$-glucosidase-producing endophytes were screened out among the isolated 69 endophytes from P. grandiflorum. An endophyte bacteria JG09 identified as Luteibacter sp. effectively converted protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd into minor ginsenosides F2 and C-K, and converted protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Rg1 into minor ginsenoside Rh1. The transformation pathways of major ginsenosides by endophyte JG09 were as follows: $Rb1{\rightarrow}Rd{\rightarrow}F2{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rb2{\rightarrow}C-O{\rightarrow}C-Y{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rc{\rightarrow}C-Mc1{\rightarrow}C-Mc{\rightarrow}C-K$; $Rg1{\rightarrow}Rh1$. The maximum production rate of ginsenosides F2 and C-K reached 94.53% and 66.34%, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report about conversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides by fermentation with P. grandiflorum endophytes. The results of the study indicate endophyte JG09 would be a potential microbial source for obtaining minor ginsenosides.

QUASIPOLAR MATRIX RINGS OVER LOCAL RINGS

Cui, Jian,Yin, Xiaobin Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.3

A ring R is called quasipolar if for every a 2 R there exists $p^2=p{\in}R$ such that $p{\in}comm^2{_R}(a)$, $ a+p{\in}U(R)$ and $ap{\in}R^{qnil}$. The class of quasipolar rings lies properly between the class of strongly ${\pi}$-regular rings and the class of strongly clean rings. In this paper, we determine when a $2{\times}2$ matrix over a local ring is quasipolar. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a $2{\times}2$ matrix ring to be quasipolar are obtained.

Aeromicrobium panaciterrae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea

Cui, Ying-Shun,Im, Wan-Taek,Yin, Cheng-Ri,Lee, Jung-Sook,Lee, Keun Chul,Lee, Sung-Taik Microbiology Society 2007 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.57 No.4