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Root Glucosinolate Profiles for Screening of Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i>L.) Genetic Resources
Yi, Gibum,Lim, Sooyeon,Chae, Won Byoung,Park, Jeong Eun,Park, Hye Rang,Lee, Eun Jin,Huh, Jin Hoe American Chemical Society 2016 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.64 No.1
<P>Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a root vegetable, is rich in glucosinolates (GLs), which are beneficial secondary metabolites for human health. To investigate the genetic variations in GL content in radish roots and the relationship with other root phenotypes, we analyzed 71 accessions from 23 different countries for GLs using HPLC. The most abundant GL in radish roots was glucoraphasatin, a GL with four-carbon aliphatic side chain. The content of glucoraphasatin represented at least 84.5% of the total GL content. Indolyl GL represented only 3.1% of the total GL at its maximum. The principal component analysis of GL profiles with various root phenotypes showed that four different genotypes exist in the 71 accessions. Although no strong correlation with GL content and root phenotype was observed, the varied GL content levels demonstrate the genetic diversity of GL content, and the amount that GLs could be potentially improved by breeding in radishes.</P>
김근기,Ha Jun Young,Yi Gibum,Bae Hwan Hee,Go Young Sam,김유진,이광민,홍창오 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.4
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment with fewer side effects, and it eliminates tumors in target tissues with reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizers (PS) and light. In this study, we isolated methyl pheophorbide A, which induces photodynamic cell death in the U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells, from perilla leaves. Its potential as a material for the development of a new PS was also evaluated. The methyl pheophorbide A is a dark green porphyrin compound isolated from methanol extract of perilla leaves. Apoptosis occurred was methyl pheophorbide A treated and irradiated with light, and there was no significant change where light not treated. In both U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells, apoptotic body, vesicle formation, and DNA ladder were confirmed in the light-irradiated. The caspase-3/7 activity an important factor in apoptosis, was 101.50 ± 14.24% when treated with 0.25 μg/ml methyl pheophorbide A in U937, and 91.32 ± 16.23% when treated with 1.00 μg/ml in SK-HEP-1 cells. The apoptotic phenomenon appeared more strongly when the methyl pheophorbide A concentration was increased with irradiating light. This study demonstrates the isolation, identification, and phototoxic activity of methyl pheophorbide A in perilla leaves. We expect that this study will be useful in the search for PS candidates using natural products.
Bang, Jeewon,Lim, Sooyeon,Yi, Gibum,Lee, Jeong Gu,Lee, Eun Jin Elsevier 2019 Postharvest biology and technology Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Harvested strawberry (<I>Fragaria × ananassa</I>) fruit has a short shelf life due to rapid postharvest metabolism, quick softening, mechanical damage, and fungal decay. To improve the storability of strawberry fruit, we subjected harvested fruit to short-term exposure to 30% carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify the cellular responses induced by this treatment. Fruit was stored at 10 °C for 10 d after a 3-h exposure to 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> (treatment) or ambient air (control) at 25 °C, respectively. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment reduced fruit decay and softening compared to the control throughout the 10-d storage period. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that expression levels of genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (expansin, pectinesterase, and β-xylosidase) decreased in response to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment. Within 1 d after the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment, the expression levels of genes encoding heat-shock proteins significantly increased. Metabolite profiling revealed that glucose, quinic acid, and succinic acid increased in responses to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment at 1 d. Transmission electron microscopy showed that disintegration of the middle lamella in the cell wall was inhibited by the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment. Polyuronide (insoluble pectin) content in cell walls was 30% higher, on average, in the treated fruit than those in the control fruit during the 10-d storage period. These results indicate that a short-term treatment with 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduces the degradation of pectin in the cell wall by reducing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes and induces abiotic stress-response genes in harvested strawberry fruit. Our results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind CO<SUB>2</SUB>-responsive genes in strawberry fruit and provide insight into ways to improve the postharvest quality of strawberries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> for 3 h reduced strawberry softening and decay during storage. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment reduced the expression of cell wall-degradation enzymes. </LI> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment enhanced the expression of heat-shock proteins within 3 h. </LI> <LI> Transcriptomic analysis revealed abiotic stress defence genes induced by CO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Hosub Shin,Hye Rang Park,Jeong Eun Park,Seung Hwa Yu,Gibum Yi,Jung Hyo Kim,Wonjun Koh,김현희,Soo-Seong Lee,허진호 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.3
Background Hybridization and polyploidization events are important driving forces in plant evolution. Allopolyploids formed between diferent species can be naturally or artifcially created but often sufer from genetic instability and infertility in successive generations. xBrassicoraphanus is an intergeneric allopolyploid obtained from a cross between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, providing a useful resource for genetic and genomic study in hybrid species. Objective The current study aims to understand the cause of hybrid sterility and pollen abnormality in diferent lines of synthetic xBrassicoraphanus from the cytogenetic perspective. Methods Alexander staining was used to assess the pollen viability. Cytogenetic analysis was employed to monitor meiotic chromosome behaviors in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Origins of parental chromosomes in xBrassicoraphanus meiocytes were determined by genome in situ hybridization analysis. Results The xBrassicoraphanus lines BB#4 and BB#6 showed high rates of seed abortion and pollen deformation. Abnormal chromosome behaviors were observed in their PMCs, frequently forming univalents and inter-chromosomal bridges during meiosis. A positive correlation also exists between meiotic defects and the formation of micronuclei, which is conceivably responsible for unbalanced gamete production and pollen sterility. Conclusion These results suggest that unequal segregation of meiotic chromosomes, due in part to non-homologous interactions, is responsible for micronuclei and unbalanced gamete formation, eventually leading to pollen degeneration and inferior fertility in unstable xBrassicoraphanus lines.
질소 비료와 바이오차 시용이 배추의 생육 및 글루코시놀레이트 함량에 미치는 영향
천진혁(Jin-Hyuk Chun),강윤구(Yun-Gu Kang),이재한(Jae-Han Lee),윤여욱(Yeo-Uk Yun),이기범(Gibum Yi),오택근(Taek-Keun Oh) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
배추는 한국인의 식생활에 빼놓을 수 없는 김치의 주원료인 채소로 1인당 연간 소비량이 약 60 kg에 이른다. 배추에는 필수 아미노산이 함유되어 있으며, 섬유질, 미네랄 등이 풍부하다. Glucosinolates (GSLs)는 배추과 채소에서 항암 효과를 나타내는 기능성 성분으로 배추의 맛과 향 등 풍미에 영향을 미친다. 질소는 배추 재배에 필수적인 다량 원소이며, 원활한 작물 생산을 위해서는 적절한 질소 관리가 요구된다. 바이오차는 토양의 pH, 보수력 및 이온 교환 능력 증가 등 다양한 효과에 의해 토양개량제로 활용되고 있으며, 열분해 온도 및 시간에 따라 화학적 특성이 달라진다. 따라서 본 연구는 질소 공급원인 요소 비료의 시비량과 산성, 중성, 알칼리성의 바이오차를 배추 재배 토양에 시용 시 수확 후 배추 생육 특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 질소 시비는 농촌진흥청의 작물별 비료 표준사용량을 참고하여 320 kg·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>을 기준으로 반량, 배량을 기·추비 하였고, 바이오차는 왕겨를 열분해 온도를 (330, 400, 600 °C) 달리하여 산성 (pH 6.7), 중성 (pH 7.0), 염기성 (pH 11.0)으로 제조하여 토양에 1% (w/w) 시용하였다. 배추 생산량은 기준량 처리구에서 8.5 Mg·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>로 가장 높았고, 배량 (8.0 Mg·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>), 반량 (7.6 Mg·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) 순으로 나타났다. 바이오차 처리구에 비해 요소 비료만 단독으로 시용한 처리구에서 배추 생육이 뛰어났고, 바이오차를 혼합한 처리구에서는 염기성 바이오차를 시용하였을 때, 배추 생육이 좋았다. 배추 내 기능성 성분인 GSL의 함량은 기준량을 시비하였을 때 가장 높았으며, 산성 및 중성 바이오차를 시용하였을 때 증가하였다. 그 중 항암 효과가 있다고 알려진 gluconasturtiin은 모든 바이오차 처리구에서 증가하였으며 glucobrassicin의 경우 중성 바이오차 처리구에서 증가하였다. 따라서, 적절한 양의 질소 시비와 함께 바이오차 처리에 의한 토양 개량 효과는 배추의 생산량 증가에 영향을 미치고, 그 품질 또한 향상시킬 수 있다고 판단된다.