초등학교 비만아동을 대상으로 행위변화단계를 적용한 운동중재 프로그램의 효과

이연희,정혜선 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose : This study was designed to apply a "stage of change" exercise intervention program to obese children in elementary school and to examine its effects on their BMI, stage of change, process, and self-efficacy in exercise. Methods : The experimental group included 64 children in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades, from one elementary school, whose BMI was in the 85th percentile or more for their age groups. The control groups had 61 students from a different one elementary school whose conditions were the same as those of the experimental group. Results : After the stage of change exercise intervention was applied, the BMI of the experimental group decreased by a significant enough degree to conclude that the program was effective in decreasing BMI. After the application of the program, the experimental group experienced a significant increase in thier helping relationships, counter-conditioning, reinforcement and stimulus control compared to the control group. After the program, self-efficacy in terms of exercise increased significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion : A stages of change exercise intervention program has been shown to engage individual students and encourage them to maintain a higher fitness level that promotes self-efficacy in exercise and therefore moves them towards healthier lifestyles. Moreover, the study proved that a significant reduction of BMI was achieved by the stages of change exercise intervention program.

발달에 적합한 유아교육의 실제에 관한 연구

이연승 慶星大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.3

The purpose of this study is to draw the common opinion shared by early childhood curriculum theorists and developmentalists and to suggest a way for their constructing the process of early childhood curriculum that is not only developmentally appropriate also has educational value in future. To achieve this purpose, this study researches perspectives of both early childhood curriculum theorists and developmentalists. The results of this study is like following : Early childhood curriculum theorists argue that there are several problems with the justification for child-centered practices based on developmental theory and suggest an alternative model based on the concept of early childhood education as schooling for democracy as an alternative justification for a child-centered curriculum based on the principles of developmentally appropriate practices. Developmentalists provide some background information on the development of NAEYC's position statements on developmentally appropriate practice in order to place the statements in their historical context and to clarify some assumption that Kessler and others have made about NAEYC's positions and offer a justification, admittedly somewhat defensive, for the developmentalist's perspective and suggest that joining early childhood curriculum theorist's with developmentalist's will more effectively achieve their shared goal of improving curriculum and instruction for all young children. On the basis of these two perspectives, I conclude that We need to build on the common ground shared by early childhood curriculum theorists and developmentalist. Early childhood curriculum and instruction that draws on both knowledge of child development and basic tenets of schooling for democratic living is not only defensible on historic and political grounds but is also in the best interest of our children.

연약지반상 보강성토 설계용 안정관리 프로그램개발

강연익,임종철,전미옥 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 1999 都市硏究報 Vol.7 No.-

선행재하공법은 압밀에 의해 침하를 발생시켜 구조물에 유해한 침하를 미리 끝나게 하여 잔류침하를 방지하고, 지반의 강도를 증가시켜서 구조물 기초지반의 전단파괴를 방지하는 목적으로 사용된다. 그러나 선행재하공법을 위한 성토시 연약지반의 강도가 대단히 약해서 재하 하중에 의해서 과도한 변형이 발생하게 되며, 특히 과도한 성토를 할 경우 활동파괴가 발생할 우려가 높다. 활동파괴를 미연에 방지하고 공기 단축의 목적으로 보강토 공법이 사용되고 있다. 보강토 공법은 성토체내에 보강재를 매설하여 시공함으로써 전단강도를 증가시켜 활동파괴에 대한 안전율을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 보강재력은 극한 인발력에 일정한 안전율을 나누는 방식으로 구하고 있지만 이 값은 보강재력을 과대 평가하게 되어 불안전측 설계가 된다. 본 연구에서는 보강 성토시 적절한 보강재 위치를 결정하여 흙과 보강재의 상대변위에 의해 발생된 보강재력을 구하였다. 이는, 변위에 의해 발생한 보강재력을 사용함으로써 보다 정확한 인장력을 구할 수 있게 한 것이다. 그리고 이 값을 보강재에 의해 증가된 저항모멘트 항으로 고려하여 보강성토시의 안전율을 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램(REAP)은 연약지반상 성토설계시의 안성관리를 효율적으로 할 수 있게 하는데 목적이 있다. Preloading method is used to prevent structure from hurtful settlement of ground and to increase the strength of ground by consolidation. Then, the strength of soft clay ground is very low. So, the excessive displacements occur in this kind of soil layer during loading. Sometimes, this displacement will be able to make slope sliding of embankment. One of the method to prevent from failure and to decrease the construction period in embankment if earth reinforcing method. Reinforced embankment increases in shear strength of ground by tensile strength of geotextile which is installed in embankment. So, the safety of slope stability will increase by soil reinforcement. By using reinforced embankment analysis program (REAP), following facts can be obtained ① Determine location of geotextile. ② Calculate tensile strength of geotextile by displacement at an intersecting point of sliding surface. In ordinary method, the tensile strength of geotextile is obtained bγ dividing the ultimate tensile stress by safety factor. This method does not have enough safely, because the tensile strength of geotextile is overestimated. In this paper, tensile strength is calculated with respect to the content of displacement. ③ Calculate increment of resisting moment from tensile of geotextile. ④ Stability control of reinforced embankment.

공인전자문서보관소의 법적 연구 : 전자문서의 확대와 공인전자문서보관소의 공정성 확보를 중심으로

정연희 法務部 商事法務課 2009 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.47

The main reason that document is preserved is because it can be presented as evidence when there is a problem related to the document. However, due to the nature of e-document, it is easier to change compared to paper document. Thus, modification to the e-document during preservation and after drafting is a concern, and it is not easy to guarantee that it can continue to serve as evidence. To this, Korea established the Certified e-Document Authority in 2005 that endows public trust to the personal domain. The Certified e-Document Authority is comparable to an official certification institution, and it is the Trusted Third Party designated by the government, and it is to be responsible for the certification of the e-document and for the safe preservation of e-document for the first time in the world. Framework Act on Electronic Commerce perceives that when an e-document is preserved at an official e-document storage site, preservation of the e-document is deemed executed according to the regulations on Sub Clause 1 or 2 of the Clause 5 of Framework Act on Electronic Commerce, and the contents of the e-document that is preserved at the official e-document storage site is presumed to be unmodified during the preservation period. The reason that the e-document preservation of the official e-document storage site can assume powerful legal effect is because the government recognizes the official e-document storage site as the institution that plays official function through the administration process in which the government designates it as such. Thus, the issue of designating official e-document storage site is the issue that is in line with the official function of the official e-document storage site. It is necessary to consider the restriction on the new entry on the policy level to prevent indiscriminate entry of the designated institutions in the official e-document storage site business. As a measure, it is possible to make the standard for designation stronger, or to conduct preliminary designation system that is similar to the preliminary certification system, to conduct preliminary designation system. There are only the laws related to the maintenance of the independence pertaining to the Sub Qause 6 of the Qause 9 of the 31 of the revised Framework Act on Electronic Commerce in relation to the position of the official e-document storage site and guarantee of the official e-document storage site's independence. However, clarifying the conditions is required for the government to fulfill its purported function and to consolidate legal trust as the government designated official e-document storage site. 전자거래기본법은 전자적 사문서 보관의 신뢰성과 안정성의 보장을 위하여 국가기관의 공적인 절차에 의한 "공인전자문서보관소"지정 제도를 세계 최초로 도입하였다. 공인전자문서보관소는 전자문서의 적극적인 이용을 가로막는 전자문서의 안정성와 신뢰성을 보장함으로써 기존의 종이문서 보관에서 발생하는 문제를 해결할 수 있게 되었다. 2009년 3월 현재, 공인전자문서보관소 사업자 6개의 법인이 지식경제부의 승인을 받아 본격적인 영업활동에 들어갔으며 올해 많은 기업들이 추가로 참여할 것으로 조사되고 있다. 그러나 전자문서의 이용이 확대되지 않으면 그 수요가 확보되지 않기 때문에, 공인전자문서보관소이 활성화되기 어렵다. 또한 공인전자문서보관소가 하나의 제도로써 정착되기 위해서는 공인전자문서보관소가 IT사업군으로 안정된 사업성을 지닐 수 있어야 할뿐만 아니라, 장기적으로 공적인 신뢰성의 확보가 필요하다. 이에 본 논문은 공인전자문서보관소의 전반적인 내용을 우선적으로 정리하고 이어서 전자문서의 적극적인 이용 확대와 공인전자문서보관소의 공정성 확보를 위한 법적·제도적 검토와 연구하였다. 전자문서의 이용확대 방안으로 전자거래기본법의 전자문서의 의미가 한 개 법안에서 두 가지의 의미로 사용됨으로써 혼란을 야기시킬 우려가 있기 때문에, 이에 대한 법적 정비가 필요하다. 또한 전자거래기본법 제4조 제1항에도 불구하고 개별 법률에서 문서의 범위에 전자문서를 포함하기 위하여 지속적으로 개정이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 일본의 IT일괄서면법 혹은 전자문서이용촉진법(안)과 같은 일괄적 개정을 위한 입법이 필요하다. 또한 전자화대상 문서를 스캐닝한 전자화문서와 관련하여 내용의 동일성에 관한 추정 및 민사소송에 있어서의 증거제출과 실질적 증명력에 관한 문제, 전자화대상문서의 폐기 시점과 책임의 명확화 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 공인전자문서보관소의 전자문서 보관이 강력한 법적 효력을 가질 수 있는 것은 공인전자문서보관소를 정부가 지정이라는 행정절차를 통하여 인증기관으로 인정하기 때문이다. 그렇기 때문에 공인전자문서보관소의 지정의 문제는 공인전자문서보관소의 공적인 기능과 맥락을 같이 하는 문제이다. 이와 관련하여 현재 시행초기 단계로 많은 사업자들을 사업에 참여하도록 유도해야 하는 단계에 있으므로 현재는 지정제도를 사실상의 준칙주의처럼 운영하고 있으나, 앞으로 많은 사업자들의 참여가 예상되고 있어 공인전자문서보관소 지정기관 난립 방지를 위해 정책적으로 신규진입의 제한을 고려해 보아야 한다. 공인전자문서보관소의 지위 , 공인전자문서보관소의 독립성보장과 관련하여 개정 전자거래기본법 제31조의9 제6항에서 독립성 유지에 관한 명시적인 규정을 두고 있을 뿐이다. 그러나 타인성의 요건의 명확화는 공인전자문서보관소가 국가 지정기관으로서 그 목적한 기능을 다하고 법적 신뢰를 확고히 하기 위해 필요하다.

영아기 탁아에 관한 일 연구 : 현재와 미래의 방향

이연승 慶星大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.14 No.3

This research examines the effects of infant day care on the basis of two contrary theories, both Belsky's negative perspective and John E.Richters & Carolyn Zahn-Waxler's conceptual and methodological critique of Belsky's theory. Belsky suggests that extensive infant day care experience in the first year of life for more than 20 hours per week may effect an insecure infant-mother attachment during infancy and on subsequent aggressiveness or noncompliance of infants during the preschool and early school-age years. Belsky's position is that an association between early day care and subsequent maladjustment is due to ill effects of day care. Richters and Zahn-Waxler criticize Belsky's perspective. They emphasizes that 1) Belsky's study based on circumstantial evidence is only an inference and 2) the association between early day care and subsequent maladjustment may be occured not from the day care experience itself but from a various factors, i.e. family, parents, infants, and social milieu. The purpose of this literature research is to suggest future directions for manifold infant day care research exploring alternative models of influence factors that may explain the association of infant day care and maladjustment.

유아를 위한 비성별주의 교육에 관한 일 연구

이연승 慶星大學校 1987 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

The goals of this study is to investigate theoretically several theories of sex-roles, sex-roles in traditional kindergartens, and the methods for non-sexist roles teaching and to look into teacher's role for non-sexist education. The theories of sex-roles are divided into three dimensions : psychoanalytic, social Learning, and cognitive developmental theory. In traditional kindergarten, the sex-role is fixed. Boys stay at and interested in block corner more than girls, the other hand girls more enjoy dolls corner or drawing than boys and seem to think that dolls or drawing corner are proper to girls. Teachers also tend to encourage like this young children's behaviors. Therefore, to direct non-sexist roles to young children, we can use following several methods : hamering, music, parents, job, fables, T.V, toys, games, etc, and teachers must play androgynous role for young children, therefore traditional sex-role in young children will be changed.

아동기 스트레스에 관한 이론적 고찰

이연승 慶星大學校 1987 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.8 No.4

This research is on the stress that seriously impacts to the childhood which is very important period and I investigate character of stress in childhood, types of stress, and patterns of coping theoretically to give information for parent and teachers. The summary are as follows: 1. The Stresses are produced by not only negative experiences but also positive experiences, and the effect is more serious when different stresses are combined and exposured to various kind of stress than when children are exposured to a short term tension. 2. The stresses of child are constituted by three ecological systems; microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem: first, the microsystem consists of the child's own characteristics, his family setting, and interaction patterns; second, the exosystem encompass the families social networks of acquaintances, friend, and relatives; lastly, the macrosystem is made of those cultural values and beliefs evident in the surrounding larger soiciety. 3. The types of stressor are as follows ;two parent families, one-parent families, multiparent families, permanent separation, temporary separation, divorce, physical and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect, sexual abuse and exploitation, and parental alcoholism. 4. There are two types of strategies which child copes to stress; one is that adult can help and the other is that child invents by himself. First, adults can help children to cope with stress in two important ways; one is to teach how to make friends with their peers, neighbors, and others in the community so that they have many people with whom they share affection and who will support when they are having difficulties. The second strategy is to ensure that youngsters develop sturdy feelings of competence based on their success in identifying and dealing with many different kinds of stress. As they anticipate stressful situations, they can also learn to choose effective coping thchnics. Second, patterns of coping that children invent are into the evasive mechanisms and the mature mechanisms. The evasive mechanisms are denial, regression, withdrawal, and impulsive acting out, and mature mechanisms include altruism, humor, suppression, anticipation and sublimation. Generally, children seldom use only one strateg at a time and most respond in several different ways to the same event. like above, I investigate the stress of childhood theoretically, so I can suggest as follows; 1. Parent and teaches who teach children must recognize the fact that children are also suffered by stress equally like adults. 2. Educational approach to stress is necessary 3. To resolve the stress of child effectively, clinical help and surveys of professionals are demanded.

시대적 배경을 통해 본 마을 숲의 변천과 보존 : 성남리 성황림 지역을 대상으로

남연화,윤영활 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

In recent days, the historical and cultural resources of agricultural villages have been destroyed and disappeared by reckless developments. The purpose of this research is to help administrations to establish the good policy about forests by investigating the changing process and preservation condition of the woods that embraces the continuous life of villagers. It is limited to the Seong-Whang-Lim in Wonju-city. People of the village hold this forests sacred and call it Sin-Lim. In the light of humanistic societies and physical environment, its history , conservation policy, regulation, the area and configuration of the ground, food life, facilities, and dwelling environment were perodically survryed and analyzed in connection to forest. In result the restriction and protection policy as institution caused the preservation of the forest. They hepled to maintain original forest, if the area of the forest has been decreased after the colonial period of Japan. And the closure treatment of the road in the forest resulted in the separation of space between the trees of level round and the trees of the slope and the policy of afforestation caused the destruction of a traditional plant-life, by being planted foreign trees. Finally the forest was reduced and damaged, it is necessary for us to take measures systematically because broad-leaved trees of the temperature zone provide us historical and cultural space.

유아기 발견 과학 교육에 관한 연구

이연승 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore discovery science education in early childhood. To achieve this purpose, this study investigates concepts of discovery science, methods of discovery science, and the science participants. The one of the best means of helping children know the world at hand is to organize materials so children can explore, question, reason, and discover answers through their ow~ physical and mental activity. Discovery approach to science experiences emphasize how to find answers, as well as what can be learned. When discovery science experiences are seen as part of the child~s continuous search for knowledge, it makes good sense to support and enable that search in the classroom. Consequently, the education, teaching scientific aspirations to children since early childhood, is required and in order to achieve that goal, the conditions such as chances for scientific education, technological approaches of learning science, and materials for scientific activities must be fulfilled.

한국 인바운드관광의 장애요인에 관한 연구

김연화 안양대학교 복지행정연구소 2003 福祉行政硏究 Vol.19 No.-

한국은 전세계인구의 25%인 15억 내지 16억 인구가 3시간 안에 접근할 수 있는 지정학적 위치에 있다. 인천영종공하의 동북아 허브화를 가능하게 하기 위한 한국 Inbound 관광 장애요인에 대한 중점적인 분석이 필요한 시기이다. 이에 system적 관점에서의 관광장애요인을 분류하고 각각에 대한 현상적 사실 및 대안을 제시하였다.