Blockade of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock.

Jung, In Duk,Lee, Min-Goo,Chang, Jeong Hyun,Lee, Jun Sik,Jeong, Young-Il,Lee, Chang-Min,Park, Won Sun,Han, Jin,Seo, Su-Kil,Lee, Sang Yong,Park, Yeong-Min Williams Wilkins 2009 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.182 No.5

<P>Suppression of an excessive systemic inflammatory response is a promising and potent strategy for treating endotoxic sepsis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is the rate-limiting enzyme for tryptophan catabolism, may play a critical role in various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report a critical role for IDO in the dysregulated immune response associated with endotoxin shock. We found that IDO knockout (IDO(-/-)) mice and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan-treated, endotoxin-shocked mice had decreased levels of the cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and enhanced levels of IL-10. Blockade of IDO is thought to promote host survival in LPS-induced endotoxin shock, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate IDO expression during endotoxin shock. In vitro and in vivo, IDO expression was increased by exogenous IL-12, but decreased by exogenous IL-10 in dendritic cells and splenic dendritic cells. Interestingly, whereas LPS-induced IL-12 levels in serum were higher than those of IL-10, the balance between serum IL-12 and IL-10 following challenge became reversed in IDO(-/-)- or 1-methyl-D-tryptophan-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that the detrimental immune response to endotoxin shock may occur via IDO modulation. Restoring the IL-12 and IL-10 balance by blocking IDO represents a potential strategy for sepsis treatment.</P>

Naringin Protects Ovalbumin-induced Asthma through the Down-regulation of MMP-9 Activity and GATA-3 Gene

Chang-Min Lee(이창민),Jeong Hyun Chang(장정현),In Duk Jung(정인덕),Young-Il Jeong(정영일),Noh Kyung Tae(노경태),Hee-ju Park(박희주),Jong-Suk Kim(김종석),Yong Kyoo Shin(신용규),Sung Nam Park(박성남),Yeong-Min Park(박영민) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Naringin은 레몬, 오렌지에서 발견되는 flavonoid계열에 속하는 물질로 여러 식물과 과일에 다량 함유되어 있다. 항암, 항산화 작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 Naringin을 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델을 이용하여 치료효과를 알아 보았다. 기관지 폐포 세척액을 회수하여 백혈구의 수적 변화, 제2형 협조T세포(Th2 cell)가 생산하는 IL-4, IL-5의 생산에 미치는 영향과 폐조직에서 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 활성을 측정하였다. 또한, 최근에 Th1/Th2 전사인자로서 GATA-3가 밝혀졌는데 이번 실험에서 Naringin이 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델에서 Th1, Th2 싸이토카인과 유전자 발현을 조절할 수 있는가에 대하여 알아보았다 그 결과 기관지 폐포 세척액에서 OVA로 감작하여 천식을 유도한 실험군에서는 호산구의 현저한 증가, Th2 형 싸이토카인(IL-4, IL-5)의 증가가 관찰되었다. 그러나 Naringin을 투여한 그룹에서는 OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 각종 염증성 지표들이 감소하거나 정상화 되었다. 또한 OVA에 의하여 증가된 기도저항성이 Naringin 투여에 의하여 감소하였으며 폐조직의 염증성 소견도 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 Naringin이 천식의 치료에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 시사해준다. The common word flavonoids is often used to classify a family of natural compounds, highly abundant in all higher plants, that have received significant therapeutic interest in recent years. Naringin is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer and other chronic diseases; however the molecular basis of this effect remains to be elucidated. Thus we attempted to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of Naringin in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. The OVA-induced mice showed allergic reactions in the airways. These included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of Naringin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that Naringin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of Naringin in terms of its effects on asthma in mice.

B. F. Skinner의 <월든 투>에 나타난 미래교육론

팽영일(Paeng, Yeong-il),장옥순(Chang, Ok-seon) 한국비교교육학회 2009 比較敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 스키너의 작품 <월든 투>에 나타난 사회 조직의 원리와 교육의 구조를 분석하여 그가 그린 미래 사회에서의 교육의 모습을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이것은 곧 이를 통해 장차 우리 교육이 변화되어 갈 방향에 대한 풍부한 상상력을 제공받음과 함께 현재 우리 교육이 안고 있는 과제를 모색해 볼 수 있는 시사점을 탐구해보고자 하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 결과 스키너가 그린 미래 사회에서의 교육론은 사회적인 불평등을 개선하여 보다 평등하고 행복한 사회를 만들어 가는데 있어서 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 교육이며, 교육을 통해 현실을 변화시켜 나가야 한다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 스키너는 미래 사회에서의 교육은 일찍부터 사회적인 미덕을 형성하는 영∙유아교육과 학교교육을 기초로 하여 학습기술을 익히고 사회적인 노동시간의 단축을 통해 생활 속에서 이루어지는 자발적인 학습을 중시하는 평생교육의 이념을 잘 보여주고 있다. This study analyzes the principles of social organization and the structure of education in B, F, Skinner's Walden Two to take a look at future education pictured in the book. Skinner's view of future education provides us with tasks our education is confronted with and directions in which our future education should change. The results of this study is as follows. First, the book suggests some points we have to think about regarding what kind of efforts we need to make in educating our children who are most precious resources for the future of our society. Second, the sexually equal education presented in the community of Walden Two suggests the way in which it can be practiced from early childhood. Third, the book suggests the importance of the education of human relationship. Fourth, emphasis in the book on the necessity of continuing education and the acquisition of learning skills in future society suggests an important point to our education. Finally, the question whether human actions and relations could be newly cast by various skills of behavioral engineering is still an unresolved, utopian one.

연속 혼합 흐름 반응기에서 평균 체류 시간에 관한 연구

함영민,이창일,차윤호 단국대학교 1999 산업기술연구 Vol.1 No.-

Mean residence time has been measured in a continuous stirred tank reactor by the analysis of age distribution function in order to determine the effect of agitator speed and liquid flow rate. The data were obtained in the ranges of agitator speed from 50 rpm to 100 rpm and liquid flow rate from 50 ml/min to 150 ml/min. Age-distribution curve was studied by measuring the conductivity of KCl as a tracer. The effect of agitator speed and liquid flow rte on the mean residence time are determined. The parameter f(t￣_exp / t￣_p) represents the degree of deviation from perfect mixing. The parameter f was found to be strongly affected by agitator speed but little affect by liquid flow rate.

최적화 알고리듬들의 객체지향 C++ 라이브러리의 개발

현창헌,최영일 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.B

There are many optimal design packages, but they are big ones and they have only a few kinds of optimal algorithm coded with Fortran and it is sometimes necessary for user to write down some codes into their packages. So it is hard for user to learn how to use and customize them. More over, there are no commercial home-made software for optimum design. So, in this paper, several famous optimum algorithms are coded and modulized with C^++ which is known as a suitable computer language in order to build up more algorithms into one computer software. All algorithms developed with C++ here were tested for comparison with optimization tool box of MATLAB and are superior to MATLAB.

항이뇨호르몬 부적절분비증을 동반한 결핵성 기흉

강영희,김경수,강창일,정정명,최하진 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.3

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in 39-year-old female is presented. Although proper treatment including the closed thoracotomy for her pneumthorax was preformed, generalized convulsion, mental deterioration and polyuria occurred. On laboratory examination, the hyponatremia in her serum and increased urinary excretion of sodium were noticed, accordingly the osmolality of urine was higher than that of plasmas. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone was diagnosed and treated with intravenovous hypertonic saline and water restriction for 35 days c satisfactory improvment.

콜로이드 응집법으로 제조된 구형 실리카 입자의 액체 크로마토그래피 컬럼 충진물로의 응용

이창일,이융,함영민 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

The surface of porous spherical silica particles prepared by colloid-aggregation method modified with various silane coupling agents for application of column packing materials in reverse phase liquid chromatography. Hydrophobicity and carbon loading of modified silica was increased according to reactivity and the length of alkyl group of silane coupling agents and surface modification time. Aromatic compound mixture used as samples for application of liquid chromatography with the preparative silica and commercial packing column. Both colimns were on the same separation properties. Optimum separation condition determined by controlled flow rate and composition of mixed solvent used as mobile phase.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects toluene diisocyanate-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma

Kim, Seung-Hun,Park, Hee-Ju,Lee, Chang-Min,Choi, Il-Whan,Moon, Dong-Oh,Roh, Hwan-Jung,Lee, Hern-Ku,Park, Yeong-Min Elsevier 2006 FEBS letters Vol.580 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major form of tea catechin, has anti-allergic properties. To elucidate the anti-allergic mechanisms of EGCG, we investigated its regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-inhalation lung tissues as well as TNF-α and Th2 cytokine (IL-5) production in BAL fluid. Compared with untreated asthmatic mice those administrated with EGCG had significantly reduced asthmatic reaction. Also, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by TDI inhalation was diminished by administration of EGCG in BAL fluid. These results suggest that EGCG regulates inflammatory cell migration possibly by suppressing MMP-9 production and ROS generation, and indicate that EGCG may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma.</P>

대장암 주변에서 관찰되는 백색반점의 병리조직학적 특성과 임상적 의의

김효종,조진만,장린,동석호,김윤화,장영운,박일랑,김병호,이정일 대한소화기내시경학회 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.4

Background/Aims: To investigate the difference between colorectal adenocarcinomas with white spots (foamy cells) and those without white spots, clinically and histopathologically, were examined 37 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas were classified in this study. Methods: Two groups: those with white spots and those without. In each case, evidence of lymph node and liver metastasis was sought. Immunoreactive staining for macrophage was performed. Results: Increased incidence of exophytic tumors was found (73%, p=0.028) in the group with white spots. The incidences of lymph node metastasis were 33% vs. 45% between the group with white spots and the group of without, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These results suggested that foamy cells might have a beneficial role in colorectal cancer, although they were not statistically significant. Therefore, further prospective study be warranted.

Delayed bilateral facet dislocation at L4-5 : A case report

Park, Hyung-Youl,Ha, Kee-Yong,Kim, Young-Hoon,Kim, Sang-Il,Min, Hyung-Ki,Oh, In-Soo,Seo, Jun-Yeong,Chang, Dong-Gune,Alhazmi, Mohammed Ali,Cho, Joon-Hyung Williams & Wilkins Co 2018 Medicine Vol.97 No.38

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Rationale:</B></P><P>Traumatic bilateral facet dislocation in the lumbar (L) spine has rarely been reported. All reported cases were presented with acute facet dislocation. However, we present the first case of delayed bilateral facet dislocation at L4-5.</P><P><B>Patient concerns:</B></P><P>A 34-year-old woman presented with back pain after a head-on collision. The patient was treated conservatively for 3 months with rigid orthosis and activity restriction. Even after this conservative treatment, she continued to suffer from persistent back pain that radiated down her left leg and a progressively kyphotic posture.</P><P><B>Diagnoses:</B></P><P>Initial imaging studies revealed a fracture of the left L5 superior articular process with a posterior ligament complex (PLC) injury. Subsequent radiographs showed the locked facet dislocation with kyphotic changes.</P><P><B>Interventions:</B></P><P>The patient underwent surgical reduction and fusion, and the operative findings revealed the L4-5 bilateral facet dislocation and rupture of the PLC at the index level.</P><P><B>Outcomes:</B></P><P>After surgical reduction and fusion at L4-5 by posterior interbody fusion, we achieved a satisfactory clinical outcome.</P><P><B>Lessons:</B></P><P>Injury of the PLC in the lower lumbar region deserves careful attention for the development of sequelae. The anatomic transition from lordosis to kyphosis, in the lumbosacral region may be related to this type of injury.</P>