토끼 태자에 형성시킨 구순열상의 치유과정에서 세포외기질 분포에 관한 연구

양원식,백승학 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.1

태아와 성체의 상처치유과정에서 다른 점으로는 태아 상처가 염증반응과 반흔조직의 생성이 없이 신속히 치유됨을 들수 있다. 태자상처의 비반흔성 치유와 세포외기질의 역할을 연관지어 해석하려는 노력이 진행중에 있으나, 각 실험 동물종간의 차이 및 세포외기질 구성요소의 다양성 등 많은 변수가 아직 미결의 과제로 남아 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 토끼 태자의 상처 치유과정에서 반흔조직의 형성과 관련이 있는 세포외 기질의 주요성분인 교원질 Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ형, fibronectin, laminin의 시기적 출현 및 분포양상을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 뉴질랜드산 흰 토끼를 임신 3기의 중반인 24일 째에 자궁절개술을 시행하고 태자에 인위적으로 구순열상을 만든 후, 봉합한 군(봉합군)과 봉합하지 않은 군(비봉합군), 정상대조군(sham operation group)으로 나누고 이들을 각각 수술 후 1,2,3,5,7일째에 희생시켜 상처치유에 대한 육안관찰 소견과 H&F염색소견 및 교원질Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ형, fibronectin, laminin의 면역조직화학적 염색 소견을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 봉합군과 비봉합군에서 전기간동안 염증반응은 없었다. 2. 비봉합군의 재상피화가 봉합군에 비해 다소 느렸다. 3. 교원질 Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ형은 봉합군과 비봉합군에서 2일군까지는 발견되지 않았고 3일군 이후 존재하였으나 염색정도가 인접정상조직이나 정상대조군에 비하여 증가하지 않았다. 4. 상피 기저막에서 교원질 Ⅳ형의 염색소견은 봉합군과 비봉합군에서 3일군이 다소 증가하였으나 그후 감소하여 인접정상조직이나 정상조직이나 정상대조군과 차이가 없었고, laminin의 염색소견은 봉합군과 비봉합군에서 5일군이후 발견되었고 염색정도의 증감없이 7일군까지 유지되었고 인접정상조직이나 정상대조군과 차이가 없었다. 5. 혈관내피세포 기저막에서 laminin과 교원질 Ⅳ형의 염색소견은 인접정상조직이나 정상대조군에 비해서 증가하지 않았다. 6. Fibronectin은 봉합군과 비봉합군에서 fibrin clot과 창상 기저부 및 창상연을 따라 3일군까지 염색소견이 증가하였다가 그후 감소하여 인접정상조직이나 정상대조군과 차이가 없었다. Adult wound healing is accompanied with inflammation and eventual scar formation, whereas fetal wounds heal rapidly by mesenchymal prpliferation without significant inflammatory cell participation and with minimal or no scar formation. The cellular mechanisms underlying these differing forms of wound healing are unknown but the extracellular matrix, through its effects on cell function, may play a key role. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal deposition of several component of extracellular matrix, which are known to be involved with scar formation, in the artificially created cleft lip wound healing of fetuses. The author had undergone hysterotomy and created cleft lip-like defects on fetuses of New Zealand White Rabbit in mid-third trimester(24 days). Fetuses were divided into the repaired group, the unrepaired group and the sham-operated control group. At 1,2,3,5,7 days after procedure, fetuses were obtained by Caeserean section. After documenting the viability of fetuses, they were photographed to compare size and facial morphology and sectioned for histological examination by H&E stain and spatial and temporal deposition of collagen typeⅠ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴand fibronectin, laminin by immunohistochemical method. The findings are summarized as follows 1. There were lack of inflammation in the repaired and the unrepaired group during experimental periods. 2. The reepithelialization of the unrepaired group was slower than that of the repaired group. 3. Collagen Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ were found from post-op. third day. There were no difference of distribution in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Collagen typesⅠ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ were present in all groups with restoration of the normal collagen pattern in the fetus. This implies that lack of scarring in fetal wounds is due to the difference of collagen organization pattern within wound and not simply lack of collagen formation. 4. Collagen Ⅳ was slightly increased at post-op. third day and decreased after post-op. fifth day. Eventually there were no difference in control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Laminin was found at post-op. fifth day and maintained staining density until post-op. seventh day. There were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. According to staining of laminin and collagen typeⅣ in epithelial basement membrane, formation of epithelial basement membrane was not completed until reepithelialization was finished. 5. According to staining of laminin and collagen typeⅣ, there were no increase of neovascularity in the repaired and the unrepaired group. 6. Fibronectin was increased until post-op. third day at fibrin clot, wound base and margin and decreased after post-op. fifth day. Eventually, there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. So it implies fibronectin plays a role as provisional matrix for fetal wound healing.

Edward Albee의 The American Dream : 신화의 상실 Loss of the Myth

梁原玉 순천대학교 어학연구소 1994 어학연구 Vol.6 No.-

The myth of the American Dream permeates American literary texts. The Dream is the largely unaknowledged screen - the screen of the perfectibility of man. In Albee's The American dream the sense of innocence implicit in the myth of the American Dream collapses. Mommy and Daddy's dismemberment of their first son is a fitting gesture of perverse difiance, the unabashed response to a satisfaction-guaranteed market and mentality, which is the American Scene of loss. In the play Albee used the ideological and mythic screen of the American Dream as the ironical pole of his story. The appearance of the Young Man allows Mommy and Daddy the chance to reinvent their American Deram myth. As the satiric embodiment of the American Dream he becomes for the audience "the existential question made flesh." But the last opportunity for spiritual regeneration is lost when Grandma, the symbol of frontier spirit, leaves and the young Man moves in. The playwright is drawn to the kind of lament the Young Man voices regarding the loss of love, his fall from grace; at the same time Albee rejects those very cultural and personal attitudes which produce such defleshed persons as the young Man and which produce spiritual dislocations, personal vacuity, and self-annihilating myths. As social protest theater The American dream reflects "back at us the hypocrisy of much of modern American life." Social categories are used as psychological screens behind which the characters lose all sense of original thought or ethical purpose.

日本語 音聲敎育에 있어서의 が行子音 考察

梁元碩 慶尙大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.17 No.2

It is natural that everyone should want to speak and write, using the correct, excellent words, expressions, an dpronounciations so far as he has affection for his native lantguage. Japanese consonant "/g/" among Japanese 50 sounds is pronounced generally as [g] in initial sound, including words of onomatopoeia and foreign origni. But the same consonant is also pronounced as [g] and [?] when it comes between vowels or under the phonological circumstance of /-NgV/. The Japanese standard sound claims it to be pronounced as [?], but the Japanese young generation tends to pronounce as[g]. In this study I put stress upon the problem how we should distinguish such a contradictive tendency of "/g/" pronounciation in our class room. I picked up only /g/, because /g/ has really two kinds of pronounciations as [g] and [?] in the same phonological circuumstance, but that does not cause a semantic opposition. I tried make it clear in this study why we must choose as a standard pronounciation for studying Japanese language in Korean. I also collected the words which are pronounced as [g] between vowels from "Japanese pronounciation dictionary." I hope it will be put into practice in learning Japanese.

Desire Under the Elms에 나타난 Mpther-image에 대한 小考

梁原玉 順天大學校 1984 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.3 No.-

Desire Under the Elms(1924) may be reckoned one of the first classics to be produced by the American theatre, as marking a turning point in O'Neill's development as a dramatist. In the play, O'Neill attempted to express the Force behind in the relation between man and God which he was interested only. There is "something within us," in that life is struggle. In this paper, the Mother-image is examined in order to find out the ralation between man and God, and the Force behind. The Motherimage is found in the stage direction, especially in the expression of the elms. The elms, like exhausted woman, appear to protect and at the same time subdue with a sinister maternity. This seems to be O'Neill's purpose to show tragic possibilities in man's involvement which the Motherimage. The sinister maternity is seen in Min who is a village "Scarlet Woman" and the prostiture-Earth Mother. By taking her, Eben has his mother's revenge on his father, Ephraim. Something in Eben's eys is an example of the bitter hatred that exists between father and son. The hatred becomes intense when Abbie, Ephraim's third wife, is brought to the farm by Ephraim. But the desire to possess the farm, to Abbie, is transformed into the sexual desire for Eben, because of her sinister maternity which has the spirit of Nature. Like Phaedra, Abbie conceals her growing passion for Eben with the mask of scorn. But she is the natural elms and has the life-giving force. And the incest between Eben and Abbie is the prelude of the struggle against the obstacles in the world. It means the hint of the spiritual resurrection or the rebirth of the soul. The sinister maternity is made clear through the infanticide by Abbie. "Something" is the mother that makes Ephraim be lonesome and Eben find his own individuality. In conclusion, the Motherimage can be explained as a "Mystery" that makes man struggle against divorce from an alien world. The expression of the Mystery is the way O'Neill found like, and in the mystery the tragic beauty which is truth is the meaning of life-and the hope in hopelessness.

한국인 태아의 악안면 성장 발육에 관한 연구

양원식,이석근,김철수 대한치과교정학회 1990 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The objective of this study was to understand the major changes of craniofacial dimensions and spatial growth pattern during the late embryonic and fetal period of human fetures. This study was performed with the selective materials of normal fetuses received from the Registry of Congenital Malformation of Seoul National University Hospital. The specimens consisted of nineteen embryos and sixty-six fetuses. The photomicrographs from mid-segittal sections of embryos were used for angular measurement, and the lateral cephalograms taken with soft X-ray were also measured in liners and angular aspects. All of the anatomical landmarks for the tracing of the photomicrographs and cephalograms were referred to the previous reports on literature. The sequential changes of prenatal craniofacial dimensions and agles were analyzed statistically and discussed on the focus about the developmental growth directions of human oro-facial structure arised from heterogeneous origins. The results are as follows, 1) Cranial base angle was almost formed at about 6 weeks old embryos with the average angle of 127.4 ±6.33°(n=3) and it was almost constant onwards. 2) The linear increase rates of anterior cranial base length and anterior facial height exceeded those of the posterior cranial base length and posterior facial height, and the maxilla grows more rapidly on the horizontal dimension than the vertical dimension during the fetal period. 3) The angular relationship between the anterior cranial base and palatal plane decreased slightly during the fetal period, disclosing 11°at 12th week gestation and 5°at 41th weeks gestation. 4) Gonial angle was maintained almost constantly at about 130° during the fetal period from 12 weeks to 41 weeks of gestation.

대기오염이 기관지 천식의 악화에 미치는 영향

류지원,어수택,김기업,이영목,김양기,홍성아,전창균 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

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Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Yang, Kyu-Ho,Mo, Hyun-Chul,Choi, Nam-Ki,Kim, Seon-Mi,Kim,Won-Jae 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Neuronal apoptotic events, consequently resulting in neuronal cell death, are occurred in hypoxic/ischemic condition. This cell death has been shown to be accompanied with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can attack cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins and phospholipid. However, the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced in hypoxic/ischemic condition and its treatment methods are unsettled. Cobalt chloride (CoCl_(2)) has been known to mimic hypoxic condition including the production of ROS. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). a green tea polyphenol, has diverse pharmacologial activities in cell growth and death. This study was aimed to investigate the apoptotic mechanism by CoCl_(2) and effects of EGCG on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Administration of CoCl_(2) decreased cell survival in dose- and time-dependent manners and induced genomic DNA fragmentation. Treatment with 100 µM EGCG for 30 min before PC12 cells were exposed to 150 µM CoCl_(2), being resulted in the cell viability and DNA fragmentation being rescued. CoCl_(2) caused morphologic changes such as cell swelling and condensed nuclei, whereas EGCG attenuated morphologic changes by CoCl_(2). EGCG suppressed the apoptotic peak and a loss of Δψ_(m) induced by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) decreased Bcl-2 expression but Bax expression was not changed in CoCl_(2)-treated cells. EGCG attenuated the Bcl-2 underexpression by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) augumented the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm and increased caspase-8, -9 and caspase-3 activity, a marker of the apoptotic executing stage. EGCG ameliorated the incruement in caspase-8, -9 and -3 activity, and cytochrome c release by CoCl_(2). NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), a scavenger of ROS, attenuated CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in consistent with those of EGCG. These results suggest, that CoCl_(2) induces apoptotic cell death through both mitochondria- and death receptor-dependent pathway and EGCG has neuroprotective effects against CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. 신경세포자멸사는 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나며 이러한 세포죽은 reactive oxidant species (ROS) 생성을 동반함이 알려져있다. 그러나, 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나는 세포자멸사의 기전 및 그 치료방법은 아직 정립되어 있지 않다. CoCl_(2)는 ROS를 생성하는 등 저산소환경과 유사한 조건을 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)는 녹차의 polyphenol 성분으로서 세포성장과 죽음에 다양한 약리학적 효과를 나타냄이 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사기전을 밝히고 이에 미치는 EGCG의 효과를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. Cell viability는 MTT 측정으로 조사되었고, DNA fragmentation은 DNA laddering으로 조사되었다. Bcl-2와 Bax발현 정도는 RT-PCR로, caspase-3와 -9의 활성은 spectrophotometer, caspase-8의 활성은 flow cytometry에 의해 측정되었다. 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 분비된 cytochrome c는 western blot으로, 분해된 DNA 양과 미토콘드리아 세포막전위 (Δψ_(m))는 FACScan으로 조사되었다. CoCl_(2)투여로 PC12 세포수는 용량 및 시간 의존형태로 감소하였고, genomic DNA fragmentation이 발생하였다. CoCl_(2)투여로 야기된 cell viability의 감소와 DNA fragmentation은 EGCG 전처치에 의해 억제되었다. CoCl_(2)은 세포용적팽창과 condensed nuclei 같은 형태적 변화를 일으켰으며, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)감소 및 cytochrome c 유리를 야기하였다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포형태변화, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)소실 및 cytochrome c 유리를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 Bcl-2 발현을 감소시켰지만, Bax 발현에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의해 야기된 Bcl-2 발현 감소를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 caspase-3, -8, 그리고 -9의 활성을 증가시켰으며, EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사를 억제시켰다. 본 실험결과는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)가 미토콘드리아 의존 및 death receptor의존 기전으로 세포자멸사를 일으키며, EGCG는 세포자멸사기전을 억세지킴으로 신경보호기능을 가짐을 시사하였다.

적십자간호사업의 역사적 고찰

양원영,강윤숙,이옥철,조인재 적십자간호전문대학 2000 적십자간호전문대학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

TiO₂에 담지된 금속 산화물 촉매상에서 TCE 산화분해반응

양원호,김문현 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Benson's Group Additivity Method를 이용한 다환방향족 탄화수소화합물의 열역학적 물성치에 대한 평가

원양수,박자영 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

넓은 온도범위에 따른 정확한 열역학적 물성치들은 연소나 Rocket propulsion등 반응 메카니즘을 이해하기 위해서 기본적으로 필요하다. Benson's group additivity method는 기체상분자들과 라디칼의 엔탈피, 엔트로피, 열용량을 평가하는 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 문헌치를 이용할 수 없는 종류들의 열역학적 물성치들을 평가하는 것이다. Benson's method에 의한 computer code인 THERM 을 이용해 PAHs 와 할로겐 화합물의 열역학적 물성치들을 평가해 보았다. PAH's와 할로겐 화합물의 엔탈피를 문헌치와 비교해 본 결과 문헌치와 평가치와의 편차는 클로로벤젠 0.0KJ/mol에서 Pyrene 15.11KJ/mol의 범위를 나타내었으며, 평가오차는 0.0%에서 7.0%의 범위를 나타낸다. 또한 온도에 따른 반응열, 엔트로피변화량, Gibbs 자유에너지와 평형상수를 계산했다. Accurate thermodynamic property data over a wide temperature range is required to know detailed reaction mechanisms in combustion, rocket propulsion, and so on. Benson's group additivity method is an accurate method for the estimation of ideal gas phase enthalpies, entropies and heat capacities of molecules and radicals. The purpose of this study is to estimate thermodynamic properties for species which are not available in literature. The thermodynamic properties(enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity) of PAHs and halogen compounds are estimated by THERM based on Benson's group additivity method. Enthalpies(H) for PAHs and halogen compounds are compared with literature values obtained from various sources. Deviations between literature values and estimates range from 0.0 KJ/mol for chlorobenzene to 15.11 KJ/mol for pyene and % errors do from 0.0% to 7.0%. In addition, heat of reation, entropy change, Gibbs free energy change, and equilibrium constant are calculated as functions of temperature.