Effect of dietary lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers

Zhao, P.Y.,Li, H.L.,Mohammadi, M.,Kim, I.H. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.1

<P>A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. A total of 816 1-day-old male Ross broilers (40.2 +/- 0.4 g) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments using 12 cages with 17 chicks per cage. Treatments were: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) L05, CON + 0.05% lactulose; 3) L10, CON + 0.10% lactulose; and 4) L15, CON + 0.15% lactulose. Higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet during d 22 to 35. During d 0 to 35, BWG was higher (P < 0.05) and FCR was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed lactulose diets than those fed the CON diet. Additionally, broilers fed L15 diets had the highest BWG (P < 0.05) and lowest FCR (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and nitrogen (N) was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet. Drip loss was decreased (P < 0.05) in L10 and L15 treatments compared with CON treatment on d 1, d 3, and d 5. On d 3, lowest (P < 0.05) drip loss was observed in the L15 treatment. Excreta E. coli counts in the L15 treatment were decreased (P < 0.05) on d 14, but Lactobacillus counts in the L15 treatment were increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 and d 35 compared with the CON diet. A linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on BWG (d 22 to 35), FCR (d 0 to 35), the ATTD of DM and N, drip loss, E. coli (d 14), and Lactobacillus (d 14 and d 35) counts. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.15% lactulose can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility; as well as increase the proliferation of Lactobacillus and decrease E. coli counts in excreta.</P>

Ultrasound-assisted chiral derivatization of etodolac with (1R)-(-)-menthyl chloroformate for the determination of etodolac enantiomers

Jin, Y.,Zhao, J.,Rhyman, L.,Ramasami, P.,Shin, Y.,Jeong, K.M.,Lee, J. Elsevier ; King Saud University 2016 Arabian journal of chemistry Vol.9 No.suppl2

<P>This study presents the first report of an ultrasound-assisted derivatization reaction between a carboxylic acid of etodolac (ETO) and a chiral derivatization reagent, (1R)-(-)-menthyl chloroformate (R-MCF). Fifty mu L of deproteinated mouse serum containing ETO enantiomers was derivatized with 125 mu L of 200 mM R-MCF and 17 mu L of pyridine (a catalyst), with the reaction facilitated by ultrasonic radiation for 13 min, which were the optimal conditions as determined by response surface methodology. After quenching the reaction by adding an aqueous L-proline solution, the mixture was subjected to salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SA-LLE), which provided phase separation for sample concentration as well as cleanup. The ETO diastereomers were separated on a Phenomenex Gemini C-18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m) under a simple gradient elution of a mobile phase containing a mixture of methanol: acetonitrile (10: 1, V/V) and 10 mM acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1), followed by fluorescence detection with excitation and fluorescence emission wavelengths of 235 nm and 345 nm, respectively. The developed method was validated for specificity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and matrix effect. A good linearity in the range of 0.5-50.0 mu g mL(-1) for each ETO enantiomer with r(2) > 0.998 and acceptable values for the intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision as well as negligible matrix effects supported the suitability and reliability of the method. Finally, this method was used to analyze real samples taken from mice treated with (+/-)-ETO. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.</P>

Effect of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age

R.X. Zhao,C.H. Cai,P. Wang,L. Zheng,J.S. Wang,K.X. Li,W. Liu,X.Y. Guo,X. A. Zhan,K.Y. Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Methods: A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting [CL], 24 L:0 D and intermittent lighting [INL], 17 L:3 D:1 L:3 D)×2 light intensities (10 lx and 30 lx). A total of one thousand six hundred and eighty 1-d-old Lingnan Yellow broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (70 birds per replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results: Photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chickens (p>0.05). The INL had a significant effect on average daily feed intake (p<0.05) of broiler chickens compared with CL. Photoperiod and light intensity had an interactive effect on melatonin (MT) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, reducing light intensity increased MT concentration; INL birds had higher MT but MT concentration was not affected by light intensity. There was an interactive effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in serum and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in liver between photoperiod and light intensity. With the decrease of light intensity, the activities of GPx and CAT in serum and T-AOC in liver increased in CL group (p<0.05). Broiler chickens reared under INL had better antioxidant status and 10 lx treatments had higher activities of CAT in serum than 30 lx (p<0.05). Different photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on malondialdehyde. There was an interaction between photoperiod and light intensity on serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, the elevated light intensity resulted in an increase in CK content; INL birds had lower CK concentration especially in low light intensity group. Besides, INL and low light intensity significantly reduced the concentration of serum corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M contents were increased in broiler chickens reared under the INL compared with CL group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results above suggest that the night light regimen of INL and 10 lx could be beneficial to the broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age due to the better health status and electricity savings.

Emergence and Persistence of NS5A and NS3 Resistance-Associated Substitutions in HCV Genotype 1b Patients Treated with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir

( F. Mcphee ),( D. Hernandez ),( N. Zhou ),( F. Yu ),( B. Kienzle ),( Y. Zhao ),( M. Linaberry ),( S. Noviello ),( M. L. Yu ),( S. H. Ahn ),( Y. Karino ),( K. Chayama ),( H. Kumada ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: A pooled analysis of emergent RAS was performed in HCV genotype (GT-)1b-infected patients receiving daclatasvir and asunaprevir (DCV+ASV) and the persistence of DCV- and ASV-resistant substitutions through ≥post-treatment Week (PTWK)192 was assessed to understand the RAS profile and help guide potential retreatment options. Methods: HCV GT-1b-infected patients without a sustained virologic response (SVR) and with HCV RNA ≥1000 IU/mL on or after DCV+ASV treatment were included from 5 Phase 2 and 3 studies. Baseline and post-baseline plasma samples were sequenced at a sensitivity cut-off ł20%. To determine the persistence of emergent RAS, samples at the end of study (up to PTWK48) and/or from a 3-year long-term follow-up rollover study were sequenced (sensitivity cut-off ≥20%, and ≥1% for select samples). Results: 152 DCV+ASV-treated patients without SVR met the resistance testing criteria: 89% (136/152) had NS5A and 95% (145/152) had NS3 sequences at both baseline and virologic failure (VF). NS5A and NS3 RAS emerged in 99% (134/136) and 89% (129/145), respectively, at VF (Table). Overall, 93% (142/152) of patients with VF had both NS5A and NS3 sequence data at failure, of which 77% (109/142) had RAS at L31, Y93 and D168. Emergent NS5A RAS persisted at PTWK96 (92%;24/26) and ≥PTWK192 (100;7/7compared with 22% (6/27) and 14% (1/7), respectively, for emergent NS3 RAS. Replacement of emergent NS5A and NS3 RAS observed at VF occurred in 8% (2/26) of NS5A and 74% (17/23) of NS3 sequences at PTWK96 and in 0% (0/7) of NS5A and 86% (6/7) of NS3 sequences at ≥PTWK192. Conclusions: NS5A and NS3 RAS emerged in most patients treated with DCV+ASV who experienced VF, and NS5A RAS persisted post-treatment. Therapy options for DCV+ASV treatment failures may depend on the timing of retreatment: an NS3 inhibitor-containing regimen may be possible if NS3 RAS are no longer observed, while regimens not impacted by the NS5A-L31+Y93 and NS3-D168 RAS combination would offer an immediate alternative.

MEGAMASER DISKS REVEAL A BROAD DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK HOLE MASS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES

Greene, J. E.,Seth, A.,Kim, M.,Lä,sker, R.,Goulding, A.,Gao, F.,Braatz, J. A.,Henkel, C.,Condon, J.,Lo, K. Y.,Zhao, W. American Astronomical Society 2016 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.826 No.2

<P>We use new precision measurements of black hole (BH) masses from water megamaser disks to investigate scaling relations between macroscopic galaxy properties and supermassive BH mass. The megamaser-derived BH masses span 10(6)-10(8) M-circle dot, while all the galaxy properties that we examine (including total stellar mass, central mass density, and central velocity dispersion) lie within a narrower range. Thus, no galaxy property correlates tightly with M-BH in similar to L* spiral galaxies as traced by megamaser disks. Of them all, stellar velocity dispersion provides the tightest relation, but at fixed sigma* the mean megamaser M-BH are offset by -0.6 +/- 0.1 dex relative to early-type galaxies. Spiral galaxies with non-maser dynamical BH masses do not appear to show this offset. At low mass, we do not yet know the full distribution of BH mass at fixed galaxy property; the non-maser dynamical measurements may miss the low-mass end of the BH distribution due to an inability to resolve their spheres of influence and/or megamasers may preferentially occur in lower-mass BHs.</P>

ENHANCED FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR LAUNCH CONTROL OF AMT VEHICLE USING A BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVE

Zhao, Y.S.,Chen, L.P.,Zhang, Y.Q.,Yang, J. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.3

Due to the clutch's non-linear dynamics, time-delays, external disturbance and parameter uncertainty, the automated clutch is difficult to control precisely during the launch process or automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) vehicles. In this paper, an enhanced fuzzy sliding mode controller (EFSMC) is proposed to control the automated clutch. The sliding and global stability conditions are formulated and analyzed in terms of the Lyapunov full quadratic form. The chattering phenomenon is handled by using a saturation function to replace the pure sign function and fuzzy logic adaptation system in the control law. To meet the real-time requirement of the automated clutch, the region-wise linear technology s adopted to reduce the fuzzy rules of the EFSMC. The simulation results have shown hat the proposed controller can achieve a higher performance with minimum reaching time and smooth control actions. In addition, our data also show that the controller is effective and robust to the parametric variation and external disturbance.

ENHANCED FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR LAUNCH CONTROL OF AMT VEHICLE USING A BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVE

Y.-S. ZHAO,L.-P. CHEN,Y.-Q. ZHANG,J. YANG 한국자동차공학회 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.3

Due to the clutch’s non-linear dynamics, time-delays, external disturbance and parameter uncertainty, the automated clutch is difficult to control precisely during the launch process for automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) vehicles. In this paper, an enhanced fuzzy sliding mode controller (EFSMC) is proposed to control the automated clutch. The sliding and global stability conditions are formulated and analyzed in terms of the Lyapunov full quadratic form. The chattering phenomenon is handled by using a saturation function to replace the pure sign function and fuzzy logic adaptation system in the control law. To meet the real-time requirement of the automated clutch, the region-wise linear technology is adopted to reduce the fuzzy rules of the EFSMC. The simulation results have shown that the proposed controller can achieve a higher performance with minimum reaching time and smooth control actions. In addition, our data also show that the controller is effective and robust to the parametric variation and external disturbance.

Fracture toughness of Porcelain Enamel and Application to 4-point Bending test

Y. L. Zhao,Y. K. Son,D. C. Ko,B. Y. Yu,M. S. Park,B. M. Kim 한국소성가공학회 2012 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

The porcelain enamel coating is widely applied to home appliance, since it has many excellent properties including abrasion, chemical resistance, high hardness, brilliant colors and high temperature-proof. But during the usage, hairline cracks occur on enamel coating because of product deformation. The fracture toughness is used as a generic term for measurement of material resistance to extension of a crack. The purpose of this paper is to define the brittle cracking property of enamel coating by measuring the fracture toughness factor KIC in Vickers indentation test. Then the property is applied to 4-point bending simulation using FE-analysis to predict the crack. The validity of the FE-analysis is verified through real 4-point bending test, and the result from FE-analysis agreed well to real test.

FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF REAR AXLE UNDER SERVICE LOADING HISTORIES CONSIDERING THE STRENGTHENING AND DAMAGING EFFECTS OF LOADS BELOW FATIGUE LIMIT

L. H. ZHAO,S. L. ZHENG,J. Z. FENG,H. F. ZHOU,Y. F. XING 한국자동차공학회 2014 International journal of automotive technology Vol.15 No.5

Accurately predicting the fatigue life is the basis for the reliability and lightweight design of automobile parts. However, the predicted lives under service loadings on the basis of the S-N curve from constant amplitude loads from existingmethods often seems conservative compared with real lives, because of ignoring the strengthening effect of loads belowfatigue limit. In this paper, a fatigue damage model, which is modification of Miner's Rule, was established for the fatigueassessment under service loadings by means of taking into account the strengthening and damaging effects of loads belowfatigue limit. Then this model and conventional Miner's Rule are applied to the estimate the fatigue life of a torsion beam rearaxle using the loading history recorded on proving ground. Finally, verification tests are performed on MTS road loadsimulator test bed. Results of predicted lives and fatigue tests demonstrate that the accuracy of the predicted life could begreatly improved by taking into account the strengthening and damaging effect of loads below fatigue limit.

CORNERING STIFFNESS AND SIDESLIP ANGLE ESTIMATION BASED ON SIMPLIFIED LATERAL DYNAMIC MODELS FOR FOUR-IN-WHEEL-MOTOR-DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH LATERAL TIRE FORCE INFORMATION

Y. F. LIAN,Y. ZHAO,L. L. HU,Y. T. TIAN 한국자동차공학회 2015 International journal of automotive technology Vol.16 No.4

The simplified lateral dynamic models of front and rear tires are proposed with lateral tire force information in this paper. The regression models of the recursive least squares (RLS) with forgetting factors and constraints are constructed based on simplified lateral dynamic models for estimating tire cornering stiffness. In addition, a nonlinear observer of sideslip angle is designed for four-in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles (FIWMD-EVs) with the estimated information on tire cornering stiffness. Sideslip angle can be estimated through a first-order Stirling’s interpolation filter (DD1-filter) and a firstorder low-pass filter. The reliability, feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of simplified lateral dynamic models are verified by contrast simulation experiments. The simplified lateral dynamic models of front and rear tires are not influenced on the change of sideslip angle, nor influenced by each other. Moreover, it can result in improving computation speed that computational burden is reduced after simplifying lateral dynamic models. With the estimated information above mentioned, sideslip angle is also estimated well. The estimated information on tire cornering stiffness and sideslip angle is benefit to the design of lateral stability control system, which can make vehicle adapt to different road conditions and control the steering motion attitude of vehicle in future works.