Genetic diversity and marker‐trait associations in a collection of Pak‐choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino) Accessions

Shuancang Yu,Xiaoyi Wang,Xiuyun Zhao,Deshuang Zhang,Yangjun Yu,Jiabing Xu,Fenglan Zhang 한국유전학회 2010 Genes & Genomics Vol.32 No.5

Pak‐choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino) is one of the most important vegetable, especially in southern China. Morphological traits of Pak‐choi vary widely, and the genetic basis of these variations is largely undescribed. In this study,we evaluated eighty Pak‐choi accessions for genetic diversity based on 29 morphological descriptors and 20 microsatellite (SSR) loci. Our data reveal a high level of diversity in this set of Pak‐choi accessions. Euclidean distance was used for cluster analysis. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the Pakchoi accessions into five major clusters based on morphological characteristics. As expected, similar morphological characteristics grouped together in cluster branches. Further,population structure was explored to identify subpopulations based on allele frequency. Five groups were identified, and showed considerable correlation with the morphological clusters. Associations between SSR markers and agronomic traits were further investigated using a non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis K‐test and six additional parametric models. Significant associations were found between 18 SSR loci and 28 morphological traits. This study provides evidence that marker‐trait associations can be validated in segregating populations and exploited through marker‐assisted selection.

The alum-processing mechanism attenuating toxicity of Araceae Pinellia ternata and Pinellia pedatisecta

Hongli Yu,Hao Wu,Yaozong Pan,Xiuyun Ge,Qian Zhang,Fagen Zhu,Baochang Cai 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10

The present study aimed at investigating thealum-processing mechanism attenuating toxicity of AraceaePinellia ternata and Pinellia pedatisecta. Animalretroperitoneal inflammatory model in vivo andmacrophagocyte release inflammatory factor model in vitrowere used to detect the effect of alum processing onraphides and lectin. Scanning electron microscopy wasused to observe the change in raphides during processing;HPLC method was used to determine the correlation betweenthe dissolution and corrosion of raphides and ion inthe alum solution; 27Al-NMR technology was used to detectthe relationship between aluminum oxalate complexformation and the dissolved and corrosion of raphides. Thechange in protein peptide sequence of lectin during theprocessing of alum solution was determined by ShotgunLC–MS assay. Raphides induced severe rabbit conjunctivaledema and an intraperitoneal injection of lectin increasedPGE2 and protein in mice peritoneal exudate, whiledecreased after treatment with alum solution processing. During the processing raphides was dissolved and corroded,then its structure was damaged. Raphides was soaked inthe alum solution and significantly decreased the oxalatecontent, and the effect was related with Al3? in the alum. Al3? in the alum combined with C2O42- of raphides into astable complex compound promoted the dissolution ofcalcium oxalate. Raphides soaked in the alum made lectinproteins dissolve, whereas protein peptide sequence oflectin was changed and the protein structure was damaged. Conclusion: Alum solution could decrease the toxicity ofP. ternata (Thunb.) Breit. and P. pedatisecta Schott. Sinceit made a special crystal structure of raphides damage andthe protein of lectin dissolve. The structure of toxic substancessignificantly changed, which decreased the inflammatoryeffect.

Analysis of the Construction and Effectiveness of Precision- Targeted Classroom Based on Analysis of Students’ Real Learning Situation

Chao Xiong,Xiuyun Yu,Jiaxin Chen 한국수학교육학회 2022 수학교육연구 Vol.25 No.4

In response to the current educational situation of students’ heavy workload, the author constructs the precision-targeted classroom based on Precision Teaching (PT), Network Pharmacology, and Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation. The precision-targeted classroom can solve the current problems of PT and the phenomenon of the heavy academic burden on students, achieve the reduction of the burden and increase the efficiency of education. The precision-targeted classroom includes five key points: targeted goals, childlike thinking, precise intervention, intelligent homework, and stereoscopic evaluation, and the implementation process of the precision-targeted classroom is built from three aspects: before, during and after class. In addition, the author applied it to the actual mathematics classroom to test its teaching effect, and the experimental results showed that: the precision-targeted classroom significantly improved students’ academic performance and thinking level; considerably improved students’ classroom learning status, and facilitated teaching personalization and realized homework quantity control and quality improvement.

Inheritance of Downy Mildew Resistance at Different Developmental Stages in Chinese Cabbage via the Leaf Disk Test

Shengju Zhang,Shuancang Yu,Fenglan Zhang,Longting Si,Yangjun Yu,Xiuyun Zhao,Deshuang Zhang,Weihong Wang 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.5

Downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). A rapid resistance/susceptibility test for H. parasitica was established by the inoculation of a leaf disk test. Four conditions were tested and the optimal condition was found when the inoculated leaf disk was placed into dark conditions at 16℃ for the first 24 hours after inoculation, followed by 5 days of light at 20℃and 23℃ for 4 hours and 5 hours, respectively, dark at 16℃ and 12℃ for 3 hours and 12 hours, respectively, and a final temperature of 16℃ for 24 hours. There was a good correlation between the resistance levels of leaf disks and the resistance of seedlings or adult plants, which indicated that testing leaf disks should be the preferred methods to predict the resistance of adult plants. Using this method, downy mildew resistance was investigated in a double haploid (DH) population at four developmental stages. The results showed that the genetic pattern, which was deduced from the DH segregation, was relatively similar, but varied slightly during plant development.

Identifification and development of a core set of informative genic SNP markers for assaying genetic diversity in Chinese cabbage

Peirong Li,Tongbing Su,Shuancang Yu,Huiping Wang,Weihong Wan,Yangjun Yu,Deshuang Zhang,Xiuyun Zhao,Changlong Wen,Fenglan Zhang 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.3

Rapid, economical, and reliable genotyping is an important requirement for germplasm analysis and cultivar identifi cationin crop species. Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt) originated in China and is now aneconomically important vegetable crop worldwide, especially in East Asia. In this study, we evaluated 1167 single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) among 166 representative Chinese cabbage inbred lines using a KASP genotyping assay. Onthe basis of polymorphisms and principal component analysis, we selected 60 core SNPs distributed on all Brassica rapachromosomes with allele frequencies suffi ciently balanced so as to provide adequate information for genetic identifi cation. The core set of SNPs was used for construction of a neighbor-joining dendrogram, in which the 166 inbred lines wereclustered into spring, summer, and autumn ecotype groups. Clustering of the ecotype groups was better resolved than thatachieved with 1167 and 360 polymorphic SNP datasets. Stability and resolution of the core SNP markers were tested using178 commercial hybrid Chinese cabbage cultivars to confi rm their utility in genetic identifi cation. The set of 60 informativeand stable SNP markers showed high discriminatory power and relatively uniform genomic distribution (4–9 markers perchromosome). The SNPs represent a cost-effi cient and accurate marker set for germplasm analysis and cultivar identifi cationand are suitable for molecular marker-assisted breeding in Chinese cabbage.