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Lu, Xiuhui,Che, Xin,Lian, Zhenxia,Li, Yongqing Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1
The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of forming germanic bis-heterocyclic compound between singlet dimethylgermylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6-$31G^*$ method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that, this reaction has one dominant channel. The presented rule of this dominant channel is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered ring carbene (RC4) through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Due to $sp^2$ hybridization of carbene C atom in RC4, RC4 further combines with acetone to form a reactant complexe (RC5). Due to the further $sp^3$ hybridization of carbene C atom in RC4, RC5 isomerizes to a germanic bisheterocyclic compound (P6) via the transition state (TS5).
Lu, Xiuhui,Li, Yongqing,Ming, Jingjing Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12
The $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and its derivatives ($X_2Ge=Ge:$, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar${\ldots}{\ldots}$) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reactions is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Cl2Ge=Ge: and formaldehyde has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/$6-31G^*$ method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has only one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a fourmembered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene and the ${\pi}$ orbital of formaldehyde forming a ${\pi}{\rightarrow}p$ donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge: atom in intermediate hybridizes to an $sp^3$ hybrid orbital after transition state, then, intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and formaldehyde, and laid the theory foundation of the cycloaddition reaction between $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and its derivatives ($X_2Ge=Ge:$, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar${\ldots}{\ldots}$) and asymmetric ${\pi}$-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.
Xiuhui Lu,Xin Che,Zhenxia Lian,Yongqing Li 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1
The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of forming germanic bis-heterocyclic compound between singlet dimethylgermylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6-31G^* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that, this reaction has one dominant channel. The presented rule of this dominant channel is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered ring carbene (RC4) through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Due to sp^2 hybridization of carbene C atom in RC4, RC4 further combines with acetone to form a reactant complexe (RC5). Due to the further sp^3 hybridization of carbene C atom in RC4, RC5 isomerizes to a germanic bisheterocyclic compound (P6) via the transition state (TS5).
Xiuhui Lu,Yongqing Li,Jingjing Ming 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12
The H2Ge=Ge: and its derivatives (X2Ge=Ge:, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar……) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reactions is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Cl2Ge=Ge: and formaldehyde has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has only one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a fourmembered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge: atom in intermediate hybridizes to an sp3 hybrid orbital after transition state, then, intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between H2Ge=Ge: and formaldehyde, and laid the theory foundation of the cycloaddition reaction between H2Ge=Ge: and its derivatives (X2Ge=Ge:, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar……) and asymmetric π-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.
Liu, Dongting,Ji, Hua,Lu, Xiuhui Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state dichlorosilylene germylidene ($Cl_2Si=Ge:$) and acetone has been investigated with B3LYP/6-$31G^*$ and B3LYP/6-$31G^{**}$ method, from the potential energy profile, we predict that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The presented rule of the reaction is that the two reactants firstly form a Si-heterocyclic four-membered ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge atom in the Si-heterocyclic four-membered ring germylene and the ${\pi}$ orbital of acetone forming a ${\pi}{\rightarrow}p$ donor-acceptor bond, the Si-heterocyclic four-membered ring germylene further combines with acetone to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in the intermediate hybridizes to an $sp^3$ hybrid orbital after the transition state, then, the intermediate isomerizes to spiro-heterocyclic ring compound involving Si and Ge (P4) via a transition state.
Dongting Liu,Hua Ji,Xiuhui Lu 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state dichlorosilylene germylidene (Cl2Si=Ge:) and acetone has been investigated with B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G** method, from the potential energy profile, we predict that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The presented rule of the reaction is that the two reactants firstly form a Si-heterocyclic four-membered ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge atom in the Si-heterocyclic fourmembered ring germylene and the π orbital of acetone forming a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the Siheterocyclic four-membered ring germylene further combines with acetone to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in the intermediate hybridizes to an sp3 hybrid orbital after the transition state, then, the intermediate isomerizes to spiro-heterocyclic ring compound involving Si and Ge (P4) via a transition state.