Clinical Comparison between Paclitaxel Liposome (Lipusu^®) and Paclitaxel for Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer

Xu, Xu,Wang, Lin,Xu, Huan-Qin,Huang, Xin-En,Qian, Ya-Dong,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposome (Lipusu$^{(R)}$) with paclitaxel in combination with tegafur and oxaliplatin in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving chemotherapy were retrospectively collected, and divided into two groups. Patients in group A received paclitaxel liposomes at a dose of 135 $mg/m^2$ on day 1 of each cycle, and patients in group B were given paclitaxel at the same dose with the same timing. All patients received tegafur at a dose of 500 $mg/m^2$ on days 1-5, and oxaliplatin at a dose of 80-100 $mg/m^2$ on day 1 for 2 cycles (each cycle was 21 d in total). Results: Fifty-eight patients could be evaluated for efficacy. The overall response rate was 47% in group A (14/30), and 46% in group B (13/28). Disease control rate was 73% in group A (22/30), and 71% in group B (20/28) (P>0.05). No significant differences were detected in hematologic and neurologic toxicities between the two groups (P>0.05). However, nausea, vomiting and hypersensitive reactions were significantly lower in group A than in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Paclitaxel liposomes are as effective as paclitaxel when combined with tegafur and oxaliplation in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer, but adverse reactions with paclitaxel liposomes are less common.

A Study on Property Change with Mixing Ratio in NBR/PVC Composites

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Hyung Seok Jeong ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2018 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.53 No.2

10, 20, 30, and 40% of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were added to nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) to modify the latter. The NBR/PVC composites containing pure NBR were synthesized to investigate properties, such as crosslinking density, hardness, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and filler dispersion. The experimental result revealed a decrease in crosslinking density and heat resistance with increase in the PVC content. In contrast, addition of PVC to NBR resulted in enhancement of hardness, tensile strength, solvent resistance, and filler dispersion.

Study on Property Modification with Polymer Compositions in the Manufacture of Compounds for Cable Sheath

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Sang Bong Lee ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.3

Herein, three polymer compounds were manufactured using three polymer combination methods, ethylene-vinyl acetate/ethylene-propylene-diene-copolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-A (PE-A; density: 0.870), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-B (PE-B; density: 0.885), for making cable sheath for use in the shipping industry. In this study, EVA, EPDM, PE-A, and PE-B were used as matrix polymers, and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride was used as a coupling agent for compounding with various compounds such as a fire retardant, cross-linking agent, filler, and other additives, besides the plasticizer. ΔT, Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength increased in order of EPDM < PEA < PE-B, the probable reason is due to the different crosslinking effect. The three compounds showed similar results for fire resistance and aging resistance after compounding process, but they showed excellent cold resistance owing to the non-polarity of the polymers and sufficient plasticizer content.

Modified Silica with Cellulose/Starch by Gel-Adsorption Method as Reinforcing Materials for SBR Latex

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2018 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.53 No.1

Styrene-butadiene Rubber (SBR) Latex composites, incorporated with cellulose/starch-silica hybrids synthesized by gel-adsorption method, were filled into rubber by the latex compounding method. The structure morphology, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic properties of gel-silica hybrids were characterized. The states of hybrids which used as fillers were also characterized by SEM. As the fillers ratio increased, the difference for storage modulus of samples had been morphology by rubber process analyzer (RPA). Then, as more fillers ratio was filled into the matrix, the best tensile strength result, and the largest modulus value were also proved by UTM and RPA. As for thermal stability, increase in the ratio of fillers led to higher initial decomposition temperature, which was also proved by TGA. The swelling ratio of samples has also been characterized. From the results of all the tests, cellulose-silica hybrid showed the best results as a filler, and the best filling ratio of this hybrid is about 10 phr, which has the best storage modulus and great tensile strength.

Knocking Down Nucleolin Expression Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Influencing DNA-PKcs Activity

Xu, Jian-Yu,Lu, Shan,Xu, Xiang-Ying,Hu, Song-Liu,Li, Bin,Qi, Rui-Xue,Chen, Lin,Chang, Joe Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Nucleolin (C23) is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is ubiquitously expressed in exponentially growing eukaryotic cells. In order to understand the impact of C23 in radiation therapy, we attempted to investigate the relationship of C23 expression with the radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We investigated the role of C23 in activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), which is a critical protein for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. As a result, we found that the expression of C23 was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines. In vitro clonogenic survival assays revealed that C23 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, potentially through the promotion of radiation-induced apoptosis and adjusting the cell cycle to a more radiosensitive stage. Immunofluorescence data revealed an increasing quantity of ${gamma}$-H2AX foci and decreasing radiation-induced DNA damage repair following knockdown of C23. To further clarify the mechanism of C23 in DNA DSBs repair, we detected the expression of DNA-PKcs and C23 proteins in NSCLC cell lines. C23 might participate in DNA DSBs repair for the reason that the expression of DNA-PKcs decreased at 30, 60, 120 and 360 minutes after irradiation in C23 knockdown cells. Especially, the activity of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites at the S2056 and T2609 was significantly suppressed. Therefore we concluded that C23 knockdown can inhibit DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 sites, thus reducing the radiation damage repair and increasing the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of C23 expression was shown to increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, as implied by the relevance to the notably decreased DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 clusters. Further research on targeted C23 treatment may promote effectiveness of radiotherapy and provide new targets for NSCLC patients.

Study on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Reinforced by Hybrids of Chitosan and Bamboo Charcoal/Silica

Xiang Xu Li(리시앙수),Ur Ryong Cho(조을룡) 한국고분자학회 2018 폴리머 Vol.42 No.5

키토산-폴리(비닐 알코올)(CS-PVA) 젤 및 충전제[뱀부차콜(BC) 및 실리카(SI)] 첨가에 대한 스티렌-부타디엔 고무의 점탄성 물성을 조사하였다. 스디렌-부타디엔 고무 라텍스에 상호 침투 가교 방법으로 제조된 키토산-PVA-뱀부차콜/실리카(BC/SI-CS-PVA) 혼성체를 혼합하여 고무복합체를 제조하였다. 고무 가공분석기의 변형 스윕(strain sweep) 및 주파수 스윕(frequency sweep) 기능을 사용하여 제조된 복합체(composites) 및 가황체(vulcanizates)의 점탄성을 조사하였다. 주사전자현미경 및 내마모성 측정을 통해서 가교 구성 및 기계적 물성을 확인하였다. 충전제의 종류에 따라서 스티렌-부타디엔 고무의 저장 탄성률(G") 및 탄성 토크(S")는 현저하게 증가하였다. 실험 결과를 통해서 BC-CS-PVA 혼성체가 가장 높은 저장 탄성률(G"), 탄성 토크(S") 및 내마모성의 결과를 보였다. 따라서 BC-CSPVA 혼성체가 SBR 복합체에 가장 좋은 점탄성 물성 및 기계적 물성의 보강 효과를 보였다. The influences of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS-PVA) gel and different fillers [bamboo charcoal (BC) and silica (SI)] on the viscoelastic properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were studied in this work. The chitosan-PVAbamboo charcoal/silica (BC/SI-CS-PVA) hybrid fillers compatibilized SBR composites were fabricated by interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) method. The viscoelastic behaviors of the rubber composites and their vulcanizates were explored using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA) in the modes of strain and frequency sweeps. Storage modulus (G") and elastic torque (S") of the SBR increased significantly with the incorporation of different hybrid filler. BC-CS-PVASBR composite showed the highest storage modulus and elastic torque and abrasion resistance, which means BC-CSPVA hybrid filler could make the best reinforcement of viscoelastic and mechanical properties for SBR material in this research.

High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Lesions and Vaccination Challenges in China

Xu, Qiu-Xiang,Zhang, Zhen-Yu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Cervical cancer, mostly progressing from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Chinese women. This is largely due to high prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs) in the population. The prevalence of hr-HPV DNA in women and in cervical lesions women ranged from 9.9% to 17.% and from 50.5% to 70.9% in different regions of China, respectively. The most common genotypes somewhat differ between regions throughout the country and from those in many other countries. This may be a challenge to cervical cancer screening and prevention in China. Combined detection of particular HPV genotypes should be recommended in all geographical regions in China and greater attention must be paid to specific hr-HPV types during cervical cancer screening and follow-up of cervical lesions. Besides, vaccination for prevention of cervical cancer by particular HPV genotypes, has not been introduced to China so far. Updated knowledge on prevalent HPV genotypes should be provided to public health organizations to help with the development of more effective HPV vaccines, which can protect Chinese women against HPV types prevalent in local China and thus have a substantial impact on the cervical cancer burden.

Radical Scavenging Activity of Sea Buckthorn Oils from Different Parts of Sea Buckthorn Berry

Xiang Xu,Yanxiang Gao 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.2

Antioxidant-rich oils were extracted from different parts of sea buckthorn berry with supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) and n-hexane. The functional components were analyzed and the extracts were screened for their potential as radical scavengers in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), galvinoxyl systems. Minor differences were found in fatty acid composition of oils extracted by the two methods. Seed oil contains the highest content of tocopherols while pulp oil and whole berry oil possessed higher concentration of carotenoids. Whole berry oil, pulp oil, and seed oil extracted by SC-CO₂ showed 91.7, 90.9, and 93.5% radical scavenging activity (RSA) at 6 ㎎/㎖ towards DPPH and 74.3, 54.3, and 74.8% towards galvanoxyl radical at 10 ㎎/㎖. The hexane-extracted oils showed similar scavenging ability. However, the oils obtained by hexane showed significantly higher RSA (p<0.05) than those obtained by SC-CO₂ while whole berry oil has the highest RSA towards ABTS among 3 oil samples.

Study on Property Change with a Fire Retardant Content in the Manufacture of Polymer Composites for Cable Sheath

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Sang Bong Lee ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.2

Four different polymer compounds were manufactured to make cable sheaths for the shipping industry. Two kinds of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as the main matrix polymers and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride (EVA-g-MAH) as the coupling agent were selected for compounding with fire retardant, crosslinking agent, filler, plasticizer, and other additives. The properties of the four compounded materials were investigated with different contents of the fire retardant, silanecoated magnesium dihydroxide (S-MDH). In the rheology evaluation, the t90 and ΔT values increased with increasing SMDH contents. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreased with increasing S-MDH content due to a relative decrease in binder polymers. With increasing S-MDH content, fire resistance increased, but cold resistance showed no obvious enhancement due to the polar effect of vinyl acetate in EVA.

A Study on Surface Treatment for Rubber Materials with Low Friction Factor

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2016 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.51 No.1

Multi-Surface (MS) treatment is a new technique of surface treatment to reduce the static friction factor on the surface of rubber. MS treatments include 4 methods which names are MS-V (UV-irradiation on the rubber surface), MSM (doing the chemical reaction with double bond of rubber), MS-Q (dilution of rubber surface by silicone surfactant), and MS-P (coating and heating of rubber surface). The experiment and test of every MS-treatment had been carried out using acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), and chlorosulphonated rubber (CSM) as rubber materials. It had introduced the steps of every MS-treatment process and the result of the properties test. From the research, it was found that the best method was MS-V treatment because it suited all the samples and the effect was obviously.