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        Rheological and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile-Acrylamide Copolymers: Influence of Polymerization Temperature

        Wu Xueping,Lu Chunxiang,Wu Gangping,Zhang Rui,Ling Licheng The Korean Fiber Society 2005 Fibers and polymers Vol.6 No.2

        An attempt was made to correlate the polymerization temperature and rheological and thermal properties of acrylonitrile (AN)-acrylamide (AM) copolymers. The copolymers were synthesized at different polymerization temperature. The copolymer structure was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Infrared spectrum (IR). The rheological and thermal properties were investigated by a viscometer and differential scanning calorimeter-thermogrametric (DSC-TG) analysis, respectively. When the polymerization temperature increased from $41^{\circ}C\;to\;65^{\circ}C$, the molecular weight $(\bar{M}_w)$ of copolymers decreased from 1,090,000 to 250,000, while its conversion increased from $18\%\;to\;63\%$, and the polymer composition changed slightly. To meet the requirements of carbon fibers, the rheological and thermal properties of products were also investigated. It was found that the relationship between viscosity and $\bar{M}_w$ was nonlinear and the viscosity index (n) decreased from 3.13 to 2.69, when the solution temperature increased from $30^{\circ}C\;to\;65^{\circ}C$. This suggests the dependence of viscosity upon $\bar{M}_w$ is higher at lower solution temperature. According to the result of activation energy, the sensivity of viscosity to solution temperature is higher for AN-AM copolymers synthesized at higher polymerization temperature. The result of thermal analysis shows that the copolymers obtained at higher polymerization temperature are easier to cyclization evidenced from lower initiation temperature. The weight loss behavior changed irregularly with polymerization temperature due to irregular change of liberation heat.

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        An Egg-Shaped Elastic Viscoplastic Model for Clay: Experimental Investigation and Constitutive Modelling

        Pan Ding,Luying Ju,Ri-Qing Xu,Zihai Yan,Mingming Wu,Gangping Zhang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.5

        This paper presents the experimental investigation carried out for evaluation of the rheological behaviours of Hangzhou soft clay, and proposes a three-dimensional elastic viscoplastic model to describe the rheological characteristics under triaxial condition. Firstly, the time-dependent behaviours of Hangzhou soft clay, such as creep and strain rate effects, were observed and discussed based on the analysis of rheological tests. Subsequently, a constitutive model was formulated under the framework of Perzyna’s overstress theory and incorporates other developments, including: 1) A smooth and continuous egg-shaped yield surface, whose shape can change from an ellipse to a teardrop shape, thus providing greater flexibility for better modelling; 2) An equivalent time concept, which enables the model to describe the time-dependent behaviours under different loading paths. By varying the shape parameter, the newly established model can be degenerated into modified Cam-clay (MCC) model or Yin-Graham elastic viscoplastic model. Finally, the model was solved numerically using the fourth-order convergent iterative method combined with the Runge-Kutta method. Comparison of simulation results and experimental data shows that the newly proposed model has an ability to predict creep characteristics and strain rate effects of soft clay.

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